Seeking administrative divisions of Vietnam

The evolution of administrative divisions in Vietnam in the past 30 years

Since 1975, 36 provinces and 3 municipalities have experienced several major administrative divisions in just 30 years. By the end of 2004, Vietnam was divided into 59 provinces and 5 municipalities. Looking around the world and neighboring countries, Vietnam is one of the countries with the largest and most frequent changes in administrative divisions in the past 30 years.

According to the national constitution of Vietnam, the administrative divisions at the national level are divided into provinces and municipalities directly under the central government. Below the province is divided into counties and provincial cities; Municipalities directly under the Central Government are divided into counties, counties and county-level cities. Below the county level, divided into townships; The provincial cities are divided into Fang and Xiang, and the counties below are also divided into Fang.

1On April 30th, 975, after the reunification of North and South Vietnam, the original administrative divisions of North and South Vietnam were greatly adjusted. According to the resolution1975,65438 adopted by the second session of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on February 27th, the original 70 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) in the north and south were merged and reorganized into 35 provinces and 3 municipalities directly under the Central Government. After the reunification of North and South Vietnam, on April 25th, 1976, the National Congress was elected, that is, the Sixth Congress. On July 2, at the first meeting of the Sixth National Assembly, the reunification of the North and the South was announced. The country name was the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Hanoi was officially designated as the capital, and Saigon-Jiading was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. At the beginning of 1979, the Vietnamese National Assembly divided Gaoliang province adjacent to China into Lang Son province and Gaoping province. In the early 1980s, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was divided into 36 provinces, one special zone and three municipalities.

According to the resolution adopted by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam on June 30th, 1989, the former Yiping Province was divided into generalized province and Heping province. The former Fuqing Province was divided into Fuan Province and Qinghe Province. The former Pingzhi Province was divided into Guangping Province, Guang Zhi Province and Chengtian Hue Province. By 1989, China was divided into 40 provinces, 3 municipalities and 1 special zones.

1991August 12, the ninth session of the eighth national assembly of the socialist Republic of Vietnam passed a resolution to re-divide the five provinces of Yee Well, Huanglianshan, He Xuan, Calais-Song Kun and Heshan Ping into Yian, Hejing, Anpei, Laojie, Hejiang, Xuanguang and Heshan. The number of administrative districts at the national level has increased to 49.

199 1 On February 26th, 2000, at the 10 meeting of the Eighth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, it was announced that the former four provinces of Hai Shun, Houjiang, Jiulong and Henning were re-divided into Ningshun, Pingshun, Qintou, Shuozhuang, Yonglong and Henning. 199 1 By the end of the year, the number of first-level administrative regions in China had increased to 53.

According to the resolution adopted at the 10 meeting of the Ninth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 1 996165438+10, the following eight provinces in Vietnam were divided into 15 provinces and1municipality directly under the central government. For example, the former Hebei Province was divided into Beijiang Province and Beining Province, and the capitals were set in Beijiang City and Beining City with the same name; The former Nanhe Province was divided into Nanding Province and Henan Province, and its capitals were located in Nanding City and Fuli City respectively. Yongfu Province was divided into Yongfu Province and Fushou Province, with their capitals in Yong 'an City and yuechi county City respectively. The former Guangnan-Da Nang Province was divided into Guangnan Province and Da Nang City, with the capital of Guangnan Province as Sanqi City and Da Nang upgraded to a municipality directly under the central government. The original Xiaohe Province was divided into Pingyang Province and Heping Province, with the capitals in Tulongmu City and Luning City respectively. The former Minghai Province was divided into Liao Bo Province and Jin 'ou Province, with the provincial capitals in Liaobo and Jin 'ou City respectively. Therefore, starting from 1 997 65438+1October1,the first-level administrative divisions of Vietnam are divided into 57 provinces and 4 municipalities directly under the central government.

1997 65438+ 10, in order to promote the economic development of central Vietnam, Vietnam took an important measure to deepen reform and opening up, namely, Da Nang, the capital of Quang Nam-Da Nang Province, was upgraded to the fourth municipality directly under the central government.

In May 2004, the Vietnamese National Assembly passed a resolution to upgrade the capital of southern Khin Province to the fifth municipality directly under the Central Government. At this time, a reasonable layout of "2+ 1+2" municipalities directly under the central government was formed on the narrow territory of Vietnam from north to south. The rest of the Qin provinces were changed to Houjiang provinces. In addition, the southern part of Laizhou Province is divided into Dean Border Province in the northwest, and its capital is located in Dean Border House, which is famous at home and abroad. The southern part of Duole province in Xiyuan area is divided into many agricultural provinces, with Chiayi city as its capital. To this end, Vietnam has 59 provinces and 5 municipalities (Hanoi, Haiphong, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh City and Qinyu).

Compared with Vietnam, China Province has the largest area and organizational system, with an area of about 5,000 square kilometers, which is only one twentieth of that of Zhejiang Province. Generally, there are 3 to 5 counties under the jurisdiction of the province, and few of them are above 10. Therefore, it can be said that Vietnamese provinces are not at the same level as China and other provinces in terms of scale and organizational system. In the naming of provinces, 28 of the 59 Vietnamese provinces have the same provincial name and capital name, which is different from that of China.

As we all know, China and Viet Nam have a long history, and the two countries have very close ties in politics, economy and culture. Therefore, Chinese and Vietnamese are closely related. According to the research of linguist Wang Li, there are a large number of ancient Chinese phonetics and vocabulary in China in Vietnamese. According to inaccurate statistics, there are about 60% Chinese loanwords in modern Vietnamese. Chinese loanwords are also an important part of Vietnamese place names. In addition, it must be mentioned that Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country, consisting of 54 ethnic groups, including the main ethnic group Jing (Yue), so there are many place names in minority languages. Etymologically, the names of Vietnam's first-level administrative regions and their capitals can be divided into three categories: 1. Hanyue; 2. Pure Vietnamese; 3. Minority languages.

When studying the administrative divisions of Vietnam and drawing a map of Vietnam, we must tell readers that Vietnam has openly marked the islands and reefs of Nansha Islands in China as Changsha County, which belongs to Qinghe Province. The Xisha Islands in China are marked as Huangsha County and belong to Guangnan Province. This kind of behavior is intolerable. Therefore, cartographers should be extra careful when using maps published in Vietnam to draw maps of Vietnam.

There are 59 provinces in Vietnam, and here we selectively introduce the general situation of some provinces.

Hexi province. It has jurisdiction over two cities, 12 county and 14 town. Hedong city, the capital. Located in the red river delta plain in northern Vietnam, near Hanoi, with an area of 2 148 square kilometers and a population of 2,366,600. There are famous incense temples, teacher temples and west temples in Hexi Province, and there are three mountain scenic tourist areas in Vietnam National Park.

Nanding province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 9 counties and 9 towns. Nanding, the capital. Located in the south of the Red River Delta, with an area of 1669.36 square kilometers and a population of 193.8+00000. Nanding is the textile industry base of Vietnam.

Taiping province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 7 counties and 7 towns. Taiping city, the capital. Located in the Red River Delta Plain, it is one of the main rice producing provinces in northern Vietnam. Area 1.509 km2, population 1.8526 million. The province faces the sea on one side and the river on three sides. It is the hometown of folk stage art Qiao Opera singing and water puppet performance in northern Vietnam.

Ningping province. Jurisdiction over 2 cities, 6 counties and 6 towns. Ningping, the capital. Located in the south of the Red River Delta Plain, with an area of 1.388 square kilometers and a population of 905,900. The province is rich in tourism resources, with many famous historical sites and natural landscapes, such as Fang Ju National Forest Park, Fayan Cathedral and Huaying Site.

Hejiang province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 9 counties and 9 towns. Hejiang city, the capital. Located in the northernmost part of Vietnam, bordering on China. It covers an area of 783 1 km2 and has a population of 564,300. Hejiang province is located in the northern mountainous area, with the highest peak of West Kunlun Mountain at an altitude of 24 19 meters. It preserves a large area of virgin forest and contains a variety of rare wood.

Gaoping province. It has jurisdiction over 1 city, 1 1 county and 10 town. The capital is Gaoping. Located in the northern border area of Viet Nam, bordering China and Guangxi, with an area of 6,383 square kilometers and a population of 565,700. The northern slope of Gaoping is the holy land of the Vietnamese revolution. There are three beautiful lakes.

Laojie province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 9 counties and 10 town. Old street, the capital. It covers an area of 8,050 square kilometers and has a population of 586,600. Laojie Province can be said to be the roof of Southeast Asia Peninsula and the highest peak in Southeast Asia. Fan Xibang Peak is located in Laojie Province, with an altitude of 3 142 meters. There is an inland summer resort, Shaba.

Lang Son Province. It has jurisdiction over 1 city, 10 county and 14 town. The capital of lang son. It is a border province in northern Vietnam, bordering China and Guangxi, with a border of 253 kilometers. It covers an area of 8 187 square kilometers and has a population of 728,800. Deng Tong, a border city in this province, has become an open port for border trade, cultural exchange and tourism between the two countries. The border port of China is Pingxiang City.

Xuanguang province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 5 counties and 5 towns. Xuanguang City, the capital. It is a mountainous province in northern Vietnam, with an area of 580 1 km2 and a population of 679,800. Xuanguang province is rich in minerals, animals and plants and forest native products.

Taiyuan province. Jurisdiction over 2 cities and 7 counties 13 town. The capital Taiyuan. Located in the northeast of northern Vietnam, it covers an area of 3,769 square kilometers and has a population of 996,400. Taiyuan is the largest iron and steel industrial base in China, and is known as the "steel capital" of Viet Nam.

Fushou province. It has jurisdiction over 2 cities, 10 county and 10 town. The capital is yuechi county. Located 90 kilometers west of Hanoi, it covers an area of 3,465 square kilometers and has a population of 1 283,500. Fushou Province is considered as the cradle of the origin of the Vietnamese nation, and the seat of Wang Xiong Jianli Wenlang, the ancestor in Vietnamese history. Yuechi county is a national base of light industry and chemical industry.

Yongfu province. Jurisdiction 1 city, 6 counties and 8 towns. Yong 'an, the capital. It is located in the northern part of Vietnam, only 60 kilometers away from the capital Hanoi, with an area of 1.362 square kilometers and a population of 1.0846 million. There is Mishima Mountain, a famous summer resort in northern Vietnam.

Bac ninh province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 7 counties and 7 towns. The capital of BAC ninh. Located in the northern plain of Vietnam, with an area of 799 square kilometers and a population of 939,600. Bac ninh province is one of the cradles of traditional culture in northern Vietnam, and is famous throughout Vietnam for its "official congratulations" and East Lake New Year pictures.

Quang ninh province. It has jurisdiction over three cities, 1 1 county, 1 1 town. Xia Long, the capital, was called Hongji City before 1994. It is a province at the northeast end of Vietnam, bordering China and Guangxi, with a boundary line of170km. Mangjie, the border port, and dongxing city, the border port of China, are separated only by a Beilun River with a width of several tens of meters. Guangning province covers an area of 5,938 square kilometers and has a population of 938,400. Facing the Beibu Gulf, the province is a coal base in Vietnam. There are famous tourist attractions in the province, such as Xialongwan, Baizhai Beach, Yuntun Ancient Commercial Port and Chagu Beach, which are known as "Guilin on the Sea". 1994 Halong Bay is listed on the World Natural Heritage List by UNESCO.

Peace province. It has jurisdiction over 1 city,1county and1/town. Peace city, the capital. It is a mountainous province in the northwest of northern Vietnam, with an area of 46 12 square kilometers and a population of 770,000. Many famous archaeological sites in Vietnam have been discovered here, which archaeologists call "the culture of peace".

Tsinghua province. Jurisdiction over 3 cities, 24 counties and 32 towns. Tsinghua, the capital. It is a province located in the northern and central border of Vietnam, with an area of1168 square kilometers and a population of 3.553 million. 1924 makes it a famous archaeological site in Vietnam and even the world, and is known as the "Dongshan Cultural Site"; Qinshan in this province is one of the most famous summer resorts in Vietnam.

Yian. Jurisdiction over 2 cities 17 county 17 town. Rongcheng, the capital. It is a big province in central Vietnam with an area of 1637 1 square kilometer and a population of 2,873,800. Jinlian Village in Anantan County of Yi 'an is the hometown of President Ho Chi Minh, the great leader of the Vietnamese people.

Guang Zhi province. Jurisdiction over 2 cities, 7 counties and 8 towns. Donghe city, the capital. Located in the south of Guangping Province, it covers an area of 4,588 square kilometers and has a population of 562,300. The Xianliang Bridge on the Haihe River in China is the north latitude17th parallel, which is the temporary military demarcation line between the north and the south of Vietnam stipulated in the Geneva Agreement on Vietnam signed in 1954.

Chengtian Hue Province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 8 counties and 8 towns. Hue, the capital. The central province of Vietnam has an area of 50 10 square kilometers and a population of 104 19000. Hue is the capital of Nguyen Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in Vietnam, with historical sites such as imperial city and imperial tomb. 1993 Hue historical complex was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Guangnan province. It has jurisdiction over 2 cities, 12 county and 12 town. The capital, Misaki. Area 1 1043 km2, population 1379400. Guangnan province is famous for its Huian town and the ruins of Meishan ancient city. The provincial capital is called the "Chinatown" of Vietnam. The ancient town of Meishan Temple and Huian was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO in 1999.

Qinghe province. Jurisdiction over 2 cities, 5 counties and 5 towns. Nha Trang, the capital. It is a coastal province in central and southern Vietnam, with an area of 5,257 square kilometers and a population of 993,500. Qinghe province has a coastline of 200 kilometers, rich in seafood and bird's nest. Nha Trang is Vietnam's leading seaside resort. Cam Ranh Bay is a world-famous natural harbor.

Calais province. It has jurisdiction over 1 city, 12 county and 13 town. The capital, Polegu. Vietnam's Xiyuan province borders Cambodia in the west, with a boundary line of 90 kilometers. Area 15662 km2, population 844,400. It is 600 to 800 meters above sea level, with high mountains and dense forests and magnificent natural landscape.

Xining province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 8 counties and 8 towns. The capital Xining. Vietnam's southern western border province borders Cambodia on three sides, with a boundary line of 240 kilometers. It covers an area of 4,029 square kilometers and has a population of 9310.9 million. Xining Revolutionary Site 1989 is listed as a national cultural relic protection unit in Vietnam, and was once a revolutionary base in southern Vietnam to resist American aggression and save the country.

Pingyang province. Jurisdiction 1 city, 6 counties and 8 towns. Toulongmu, the capital. Vietnam's southern plain province is connected with Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in the south, with an area of 27 18 square kilometers and a population of 649,600. The traditional handicraft industry is very developed, especially the ceramic industry, which is known as the "porcelain capital" in southern Vietnam.

Anjiang. Jurisdiction over 2 cities, 9 counties and 9 towns. Longchuan city, the provincial capital. Located in the west of the southern plain, it covers an area of 3,424 square kilometers and has a population of 2,055,500. Anjiang is the province with the highest rice yield in Vietnam. The local traditional handicrafts mainly include silk from Xinzhou and fish sauce from Zhudu.

Charong province. Jurisdiction over 1 city, 7 counties and 9 towns. Charong, the capital. Located at the lower end of the Mekong River in the southern plain, it covers an area of 2,369 square kilometers and has a population of 1.0033 million. Rice planting, seafood fishing, vegetables and fruits and fish and shrimp farming are the pillar industries here.

Liao Bo province. Jurisdiction 1 city, 5 counties and 6 towns. Liao Bo, the capital. Located near the southernmost tip of Vietnam's long and narrow territory, it covers an area of 2,485 square kilometers and has a population of 783,600.