Introduction to Jinan’s characteristic buildings?

Speaking of Jinan’s characteristic buildings, the most famous ones are Jinan’s landmark buildings such as Ziya Ruins of Longshan Cultural City, Lingyan Temple, Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple, and Honglou Church. Jinan City, referred to as "Ji", also known as "Quancheng", is one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in China, the capital of Shandong Province, the political, cultural and educational center of Shandong, and the Jinan Military Region headquarters and its leadership agency, one of the seven military regions of the People's Liberation Army. station. Jinan is known as the "Spring City" due to the numerous springs in its territory. It is known as "liquids on four sides and willows on three sides, one city with mountains and half a city with lakes". It is a national historical and cultural city, one of the first batch of China's outstanding tourist cities, and the center of prehistoric Longshan culture. One of the birthplaces. The following is relevant Jinan architectural information compiled by Zhongda Consulting for architects. The specific content is as follows:

Jinan’s characteristic architecture—Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple

Introduction to Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple:

Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple is located at No. 248 Minghu Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, adjacent to Daming Lake in the north and close to Furong Street and other old city streets. Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple was founded in the Xining period of the Song Dynasty (1068-1077 AD). It collapsed at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and was rebuilt in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369 AD). In the Qing Dynasty, the Confucian Temple was renovated many times, but the scale and architectural layout of the Confucian Temple in the Ming Dynasty were basically maintained.

Bordered by Furong Street to the south and Daming Lake to the north, the building complex has a neat layout and a large scale. It is an important historical and cultural relic of Jinan. Since its trial opening in 2010, the Confucian Temple has successfully held the "New Year Prayer Party", "Harmonious China - Recitation of Chinese Classic Culture across the Taiwan Strait", "Confucian Temple Lecture Hall", "Exhibition of Famous North Korean Oil Painters" and "Coming of Age Ceremony", " "Opening Ceremony" and other public welfare cultural activities, and cooperated with many universities, middle schools and primary schools to establish practical teaching bases. Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple has gradually become a position for promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture and a center for the dissemination of Confucian culture widely recognized by society.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Confucian Temple was occupied by primary schools, factories, etc., and many buildings were destroyed. In 1992, it became a cultural relic protection unit in Shandong Province. In 2005, major renovations began. The remaining ancient buildings were restored and the demolished parts were also rebuilt. The restored Confucian Temple will resume its function of worshiping Confucius and become the core part of Jinan's historical and cultural reserve.

Jinan’s characteristic architecture—Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple

The architectural history of Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple:

Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple was founded during the Xining period of the Song Dynasty (1068-1077 AD) year), located on the shore of Daming Lake. It has been destroyed and rebuilt several times in history. During the Jin Dynasty, the Fuxue Confucian Temple was severely damaged due to war, and fell into ruins at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369 AD), expanded in the 19th year of Chenghua (1483 AD), and then renovated for several generations. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the architectural layout had been perfected. The Qing Dynasty continued to repair the Confucian Temple, but basically maintained the scale and architectural layout of the Ming Dynasty Confucian Temple, so that the Fuxue Confucian Temple covers an area that reaches Minghu Road in the north, Gongyuan Qianggen Street in the west, Nanmen in the south, and Nanmen in the east. Go to Qushuiting Street.

Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple was the center of Jinan culture and education in the past dynasties. However, after the abolition of the imperial examination during the Republic of China, the Fuxue Confucian Temple gradually declined. Due to successive years of war, the Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple had been destroyed before liberation. After liberation, Dacheng Hall was turned into an auditorium, and later the Fuxue Confucian Temple became the Daminghu Road Primary School building.

According to research, among the known Confucian temples across the country, except for the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong, the Confucian Temple in Pingxiang, Jiangxi, the Liuhe Confucian Temple in Nanjing, and the Suzhou Confucian Temple, they were all built later than the Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple. In addition, they are huge. The scale and influence of Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple show the importance of Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple in the country. Since the official start of construction on September 10, 2005, the Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple has been fully completed on September 28, 2010 after five years of careful maintenance. The Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple, located at No. 214 Daminghu Road, Jinan City, is an important existing prefectural-level Confucian temple in my country. Its main building, Dacheng Hall, faces south and is the largest single ancient building in Jinan city. According to historical records, Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple was originally a huge building complex with a total length of 247 meters and a width of 64 to 66 meters. The entire building complex unfolds symmetrically on a central axis. From the four preserved buildings (screen wall, south gate, Panchi and Dacheng Hall), the momentum of that year can still be vaguely distinguished.

Jinan’s characteristic architecture—Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple

The architectural layout of Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple:

The layout of the Confucian Temple is from south to north, with the south gate, Main buildings include Zhongjuzhongju Pavilion, Lingxing Gate, large and small panchis, screen gate, Jimen (commonly known as Dacheng Gate), Dacheng Hall, East and West Corridors, Minglun Hall, and Zunjing Pavilion. The two "standard pavilions" on the inside of the south gate, arranged east and west, are square and round in shape, which means "there are no squares and circles without rules", warning Confucian students to have a rigorous attitude in learning. However, the entire Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple is not oriented due south and north like the Confucian temples in other places, but is curved. This is relatively rare among Confucian temples, and may be related to the geographical environment when the Confucian temple was first built.

A great feature of Jinan Confucian Temple is its Panchi. There are not only large Panchis, but also small Panchis, which are relatively rare in Confucian temples. In addition, most of the panchis in Confucian temples in other places are just symbols, and some can only put some stagnant water into them. The Panchi here not only has water, but also has flowing spring water, which is extremely rare, if not unique, in the country. This fully shows that Jinan has a developed water system in history and reflects its characteristics as a spring city.

The spring water of Panchi flows from Furong Street in the south, flows into the large and small Panchi through open channels and secret channels, and then flows through the Yudai River to Qushuiting, and then flows into Daming Lake. This time, they cooperated with the maintenance project to excavate and restore the former waterway. In this way, visitors to the Confucian Temple can not only get the influence of Confucian culture, but also experience the characteristics of Jinan's spring water culture.

Jinan’s characteristic architecture—Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple

The architectural form of Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple:

Dacheng Hall

Dacheng Hall is nine Bayan is the largest single-eaves verandah-roof building in the province. Dacheng Hall Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple Dacheng Hall is the largest single ancient building in Jinan City. It is also one of the largest existing single-eaves veranda-roof ancient buildings in Shandong Province. It ranks third among the Dacheng Halls in Confucian temples across China. The main hall is nine rooms wide, 34.5 meters wide from east to west; four rooms deep, 13.9 meters deep from north to south; 13.86 meters high, with an area of ??about 480 square meters. The top of the single-eaves veranda is covered with yellow glazed tube tiles, and the wooden frame is a beam-lifting structure. The columns have points, side angles and rises, retaining the characteristics of Song Dynasty architecture. There are dougongs under the eaves, two in the Ming room and one in each of the other rooms. Dougong and backing boards are painted with colorful paintings. The method of reducing columns is used in the hall, and ceilings are set at the top with different elevations. The ceilings in the bright and secondary rooms are lower, while those in the top and bottom rooms are higher. The east, west and north sides of the hall are surrounded by eaves walls. On the south eaves, in the middle, there are six-headed rhombus partition doors, and only at both ends are rhombus windows. Dacheng Hall and Imperial Stele Pavilion in the 1950s. In the middle of the hall, there are statues of Confucius and his four companions, and on the top there are several plaques inscribed by the Qing emperor. They were all destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. In 2005, a fragment of a plaque written by Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty with the words "The people have not yet existed" was accidentally discovered. In September 2009, a new statue of Confucius with a height of 2.72 meters was officially completed. After that, the statues of the Four Matches and the Twelve Philosophers will be re-installed, and statues of Confucius' disciples will be installed in the east and west corridors on the south side of Dacheng Hall.

The Dacheng Hall was originally located on a wide platform. Over the years, the building has become dilapidated. The backbone was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. The base of the hall has long been flush with the ground, and it no longer has its former imposing appearance. During the reconstruction, the engineering staff adopted the "frame lifting" method, which meant dismantling the entire hall, carefully marking the components, raising the foundation, and then rebuilding it on the original site using as much of the original material as possible. After the reconstruction, the overall height of Dacheng Hall was raised by 1.5 meters, regaining its former height.

There were originally two imperial stele pavilions in front of Dacheng Hall, one on the left and one on the left. They were hexagonal and had yellow glazed tile roofs. They were built during the Kangxi period. The ruins and broken stele still exist and have been restored. During the construction of Dacheng Hall, two stone tablets bearing burdens were unearthed in front of the hall.

Screen wall

The screen wall is located outside the Confucian Temple, facing the Dacheng Gate to the north. It is 9.85 meters long, about 5 meters high, and 0.95 meters thick. It is built of bricks and is in the shape of a "one". , glazed tile roof. There is a circular brick decorative pattern in the middle of the north side, which is a relic of the Qing Dynasty. It was saved from demolition for decades by its use as a fence.

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