Give examples to illustrate the "core-edge" structure of regional development.

The theory of "core-periphery" structure is a theoretical model about regional spatial structure and economic development. As the frontier of reform and opening-up, Guangdong's tourism industry started earlier and made remarkable achievements, but there were also many problems. The Pearl River Delta region has developed economy, dense population and convenient external contact, and the level of tourism development has always been ahead, while the relative conditions in the eastern and western wings and mountainous areas of northern Guangdong are poor, which has delayed the speed of tourism development. This leads to the obvious "core" and "edge" zoning of Guangdong tourism regional structure. The growth of the whole tourism industry and the promotion of tourism competitiveness are almost entirely achieved by the Pearl River Delta region, and the overall role of the province's tourism competitiveness is difficult to play. Based on this consideration, we can use the "core-periphery" theory to qualitatively analyze the spatial structure of tourism in Guangdong Province, and put forward some strategic measures to optimize the spatial structure of tourism and coordinate regional relations, with a view to providing reference for the planning and construction of tourism departments and government planning departments, so as to comprehensively enhance the overall tourism competitiveness of Guangdong Province and maintain the leading position of Guangdong tourism in the country.

Guangdong province has made great achievements in the development of tourism. After more than 20 years of development since the reform and opening up, it has gradually formed its own unique tourism development system [3]. Specifically, the Pearl River Delta tourist area centered on Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai. Based on a large number of artificial landscapes and humanistic natural landscapes, it reflects Guangdong's construction achievements, Pearl River Delta culture and southern scenery, is suitable for developing business and official tourists, and is the basis for Guangdong to develop domestic and foreign tourist sources in the future; Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Maoming, Zhanjiang, Shantou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and other coastal tourist areas with sunshine, seawater and beaches as the main body will focus on developing domestic and foreign leisure and holiday tourists in the future; Shaoguan, Qingyuan, Zhaoqing, Yunfu and other natural scenic tourist areas in the western and northern mountainous areas mainly develop tourists' sightseeing, exploration and leisure vacation; Guangzhou, Foshan, Chaozhou, Meizhou, Zhaoqing, Leizhou and other famous historical and cultural cities constitute Guangdong's cultural and historical tourist areas, reflecting the Pearl River Delta culture, Hakka culture, Chaoshan culture and Lingnan folk customs.

However, due to historical reasons, the spatial structure of Guangdong's tourism development is extremely unbalanced. The Pearl River Delta, with its superior geographical position, rich tourism resources and rapid development of tourism, should be the core area of Guangdong's tourism industry in terms of tourist attractions, the number of tourists, tourism business income, tourism market and location. Compared with the Pearl River Delta, the eastern and western wings of Guangdong and the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong are at the edge of Guangdong's tourism development, with poor tourism location conditions, narrow and remote tourism market, underdeveloped tourism transportation and obviously backward tourism development. From the relevant data (table 1) of tourism development in the Pearl River Delta, the eastern and western wings and the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong, it can be seen that the proportion of the Pearl River Delta in all tourism indicators exceeds 80% of the province, while the combined proportion of other regions is less than 20% of the province.

It can be seen that the spatial structure of Guangdong's tourism development presents an obvious "core-edge structure" model. According to its combination mode, it should belong to the third structural mode in figure 1, that is, the multistage polar core mode. First of all, from a large inter-provincial perspective, the Pearl River Delta tourist area is the first-class tourist core area in Guangdong, which plays an important role in the tourism industry in Guangdong and even the whole country. As a first-class tourist area, every move of the Pearl River Delta tourism development will have a great impact on the tourism development of the whole province. This is not only reflected in its large proportion in the province's tourism revenue, but also in its demonstration and radiation effect on areas outside the core area. It is of great significance to guide correctly, continue to maintain and strengthen the prosperity of tourist areas in the Pearl River Delta, and at the same time pay attention to promoting the development of tourism in marginal areas, so that tourist hotspots can spread to marginal warm spots step by step, thus enhancing the tourism competitiveness of Guangdong Province as a whole, and essentially completing the framework of "Greater Guangdong Tourism Circle" and building a strong tourism province. Secondly, from a regional perspective, there are three secondary tourism core areas in Guangdong Province: Shantou, Chaozhou and other urban areas form the eastern Guangdong tourism circle as secondary core areas, while Zhanjiang, Maoming and other urban areas form the western Guangdong tourism circle as secondary core areas; Shaoguan, Qingyuan, Meizhou and other urban areas are secondary core areas, forming a tourist circle in northern Guangdong; The secondary tourism core area plays a very special role in regional tourism development. From the first level, it belongs to the marginal part of the first-level core area, and its development level is relatively low, which is greatly influenced by the first-level core area; But from the secondary level, it is also the core area, which has advantages in development and affects the development of lower levels. The dual identity has created the dual functions of the secondary core area: on the one hand, it guides and drives the surrounding areas to keep moving forward, tap potential, develop and innovate; On the other hand, it has more opportunities to obtain advanced methods and technologies from the superior core, and can constantly improve and develop itself. In the process of realizing regional cooperation and balanced regional development, it is directly related to the first-level core and the second-level core and plays a bridge role. In addition, county-level cities and scenic spots can also be used as three-level core areas. Although their strength is weak and their radiation range is small, they also play an important role in the development of local tourism economy.

Unbalanced regional development is a common phenomenon. In any region, the development of its tourism industry starts from areas with superior conditions and then gradually penetrates into areas with poor conditions. In this process, there will always be an unbalanced development situation between the core area and the marginal area. If this situation continues to a certain stage, it will affect the further development of tourism, and the long-term imbalance may also affect regional stability and other issues. "Core-periphery" theory is one of the theories to explain and analyze regional structure. This paper attempts to use this theory to explain the imbalance of regional tourism development in Guangdong Province, and holds that the imbalance of regional tourism development in Guangdong Province is mainly caused by location factors and policy factors. To improve regional relations and balance regional development, it is necessary to coordinate the strategic relationship between the core area and the peripheral area, give appropriate policy preferences and support to the peripheral area without affecting the development of the core area, and realize the integration of the two through poverty alleviation through tourism and improving traffic and communication, so as to make the tourism development of Guangdong Province more cohesive.

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