Personality characteristics of northern Europeans

A Nordic country, located in the west of Scandinavia. From the 9th century, Norway was conquered by many small rule the kingdom and invading groups to the islands outside Normandy, Iceland, Greenland, Scotland and Ireland, and the coast of the New World. Norway was finally unified in the 12th century and reached the height of its medieval prosperity in the 13th century. After 1397, it was controlled by Denmark and Sweden in turn. Independence was achieved in 195. Oslo is the capital and the largest city. Population: 4,122,77.

national flower: heather national bird: river bird

Norway-the country name was originally "the road to the north". According to legend, there was a "north road" along the northern coast of Scandinavia in ancient times, hence the name. Norway is one of the most important maritime countries in the world, with winding coastline and more than 15, offshore islands. It is not only an excellent port, but also a scenic tourist area.

In Began, which is located on the west coast, you can enjoy the scenery of the fjords formed by the changes of glacier topography for millions of years, and overlook the beautiful scenery on both sides surrounded by mountains. Oslo is a famous port in Norway, surrounded by mountains and rivers and picturesque scenery, and it is also the largest economic and cultural center in the country. Loogna Park and Viking Ship Museum are all famous tourist areas here, and there is also a ski museum, which introduces the history of skiing in detail.

Norway is located in the north, and its southernmost point (about 58 degrees north latitude) is farther north than the northernmost point of China (less than 54 degrees north latitude). The Arctic Circle crosses northern Norway. In some northern cities, there is no night at all in June and July, and you can see the midnight sun and the beautiful northern lights. The northernmost North Point is also the most point on the European continent.

Many people regard wooden narrow-board churches as the characteristics of Scandinavian countries. Today, the best-preserved churches in the world are mainly in Norway. There are 3 wooden churches in Norway, and Ornes wooden church is the most striking one among them. It is located in Songun-Fijurane County on the west coast and was built in the 12th century. The church is a square three-story building, all made of wood, with steep eaves on each floor and spires on the top, which looks like an oriental temple. The gable of the church is engraved with various patterns. The furnishings in the church still maintain the style of the Middle Ages. At present, the church is well preserved, and tourists are constantly coming. In 1979, the wooden church of Ornes was listed as one of the world cultural heritages by UNESCO.

Mount Holmenkollen, a ski resort, is a ski resort in Norway, Hollmen Kau. It is located about 13 kilometers northeast of Oslo, with an altitude of 371 meters and beautiful scenery. Since 1892, the world-famous skiing competition has been held here every March. If you look at the outline of the city of Oslo from a distance, you will see that the Hollmen Cullen Snow Jumping Platform stands conspicuously high on the Holmenkollen Mountain in Oslo. It is also a very vivid and vivid symbol of this sport with Norwegian characteristics. There is also a ski museum at the foot of Holmenkollen Mountain.

Oslo

Oslo, the capital of Norway, is the capital on the road to the north. This city, like the straightforward character of the Nordic people, is thorough and unrestrained. In ancient times, huge glaciers made the overwhelmed mountains sink a little, and finally connected with the ocean to form today's fjords. The Abrege district on the south side of Oslo is an excellent place to watch the fjord, where you can swim by liner. The northernmost part of the wharf is specially turned into an open-air fish market. I don't know whether it's because of the attraction of the fish market or the natural characteristics of the harbor. Oslo Fjord can be called the world of waterfowl, and birds can be heard far away.

After the trip to the fjord, it takes about 2 minutes by boat to reach the opposite Bigger Island, where there are famous pirate ship museums and folk customs museums. The Folk Museum is the earliest open-air museum in the world, which shows the folk customs of Norway. Can "travel" all over Norway in one day. The Folk Museum displays 153 ancient houses moved from the original materials all over the country, as well as urban buildings from 17 to 18, such as old gas stations.

The Pirate Museum next to the Folk Museum is one of the most popular treasures of pirate culture in Scandinavian countries. The exhibits were all found in Viking tombs in Oslo Fjord, among which the most spectacular are two best-protected wooden pirate ships built in the 9th century AD. The museum also displays many unearthed articles of the Vikings, including carriages, cookers, etc., according to which visitors can think about the "pirate years".

There are buses returning to the city on the island, and the city center of Austria is small, so you can visit it on foot. Starting from the tourist information center, first go to the opposite city hall. This brick-red building was built in 195 to celebrate the 9th anniversary of Oslo. It has a concave layout and is surrounded by a large number of sculptures, which shows all aspects of Norwegian life. To the east of the town hall square harbor is Axhus Castle, which stood by the sea and was built 7 years ago. You can overlook the fjord from here. Ten minutes north of the castle, you can reach the most prosperous Carl John Street in Oslo. The main street starts from the largest Christian church in Oslo in the east and runs through the city center. On the National Day of Norway on May 17th every year, the balcony of the street luxury hotel becomes the best scenic spot.

Walking along the street, in front of the National Theatre, you can see the statue of Ibsen, a world-famous drama master. The biennial Ibsen Drama Festival makes it an important cultural exhibition in Oslo. Continuing westward, there is a group of antique Roman-style buildings in Lubei Square, which is the famous Oslo University, and the Nobel Peace Prize awarding ceremony is held here every year. At the end of the street, there is an extraordinary palace, followed by the towering king's garden. There are Ibsen Museum and Nobel College in the street on the south side of the park, and the "man with the key" in the famous sculpture "burghers of calais" not far ahead is a precious gift from Luo Fan.

When it comes to Oslo and places of interest, the most famous one is the Virgilan Sculpture Park. It is based on the green space and lakes in Loogna Park. It was carefully designed and built by Gustav Vijilan, a famous Norwegian sculptor, in 4 years. The whole park takes life as the theme and is carved into more than 5 statues with three materials: cast iron, copper and granite. The most famous statues in the park are the angry boy, the fountain of life and the pillar of life.

Sports-loving friends will naturally not miss the Houmenkulun Snow Jumping Platform with a history of more than 1 years. This tall building, located on the hillside north of Oslo, has a beautiful shape. The snow-white platform is more than 1 meters high. The reindeer in northern Norway is painted in blue, and the wonderful natural landscape "Midnight Sun" unique to northern Norway in summer is painted in red. Reindeer on the snowfield use their horns to lift up and down from the sun, which is used by Norwegians to interpret the meaning of ice and snow movement. You can see it from any point in the city, and you can see the whole Oslo city from the high platform. Every March, the Snow Jumping Festival attracts thousands of skiers, and the record of amazing jump here is 113 meters away.

Lofoton Islands

Lofoton means "bobcat's foot" in Norwegian, and it also implies a series of steep islands-"the Wall of Lofoton" rising from its territorial waters. This "Lofoton Wall" forms a 16-kilometer barrier between the western fjord and the North Sea. The warm current in the Gulf of Mexico makes the winter here relatively warm and humid. Every year from January to the end of April, a large number of fish will gather in the shallow waters of Lofton to lay eggs, and a large number of fishermen will flood in at this time of the year.

In recent years, there are fewer fishermen on Lofoton Island, but the number of tourists and artists has increased. The huts of fishermen who created the history of Lofoton are now holiday homes for tourists who come on holiday. Painters attracted by the sunlight in Lofoton are becoming more and more familiar. In Svenya, near Worwa, an "Art House" was recently built for six Swedish painters and two Norwegian painters. Trondheim, in central Norway, is a small city. From here, take a train north through the Arctic Circle to Bode, and then take a ferry from Bode to the opposite Lofoton Islands. Fishing houses landed from Moskenes Pier, less than 1 meters away from the pier. These are some red wooden houses supported by wooden pillars on the seaside, and some of them have a history of more than 1 years. There are no hotels with waiters and reception desks around Lofoton. They are all self-service fishermen's houses. For tourists to stay in summer and fishermen to rent in winter.

Finland

Independence Day: December 6th (1917) Regime: * * * and system

Area: 337,3 square kilometers

Population: 5.191 million (July 23)

Nationality: Finn@93%, Sweden @ 6%. Language: Finnish@93.4%, Swedish@5.9%

Religion: Protestant @89.%, Orthodox @1.%

Capital: Helsinki Ercheng: Espoo

Currency: EUR (Euro)

Time zone: GMT+2, using daylight saving time. The flag is white. A wide blue cross bar slightly to the left divides the flag into four white rectangles. Finland is known as the "country of thousands of lakes", bordering the Baltic Sea in the southwest, and the blue flag symbolizes lakes, rivers and oceans; The other one symbolizes the blue sky. More than a quarter of Finland's territory is in the Arctic Circle, and the climate is cold. The white flag symbolizes the land covered with snow. The cross on the flag represents Finland's close relationship with other Nordic countries in history. The national flag was made around 186 at the suggestion of Finnish poet ToCharies Topelius.

Administrative divisions: the whole country is divided into five provinces and one autonomous region: South Finland, East Finland, West Finland, Oulu, Labi and Oran Island.

physical geography: the area is 338,145 square kilometers. Located in the north of Europe, it is bordered by Norway in the north, Sweden in the northwest, Russia in the east, the Gulf of Finland in the south, and the Gulf of Bohnia without tide in the west. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The northern Manselkia hills are 2-7 meters above sea level, the central part is 2-3 meters moraine hills, and the coastal areas are plains below 5 meters above sea level. Finland is rich in forest resources. The national forest area is 26 million hectares, and the per capita forest land is 5 hectares, ranking second in the world in terms of per capita forest land. 69% of the country's land is covered by forests, ranking first in Europe and second in the world. Tree species are dominated by spruce forest, pine forest and birch forest, and the dense jungle is full of flowers and berries. Lake Sema in the south covers an area of 4,4 square kilometers and is the largest lake in Finland. Finnish lakes are connected with narrow waterways, short rivers and rapids, thus forming a waterway that communicates with each other. The inland water area accounts for 1% of the total area of the country. There are about 179, islands and 188, lakes, which is called "the country of thousands of lakes". Finland's coastline twists and turns, as long as 11 kilometers. Fish resources are abundant. One third of Finland is located in the Arctic Circle, and the climate in the north is cold and snowy. In the northernmost part, the sun can't be seen for 4-5 days in winter, and it can be seen day and night from the end of May to the end of July in summer. It has a temperate maritime climate. The average temperature is-14℃ to 3℃ in winter and 13℃ to 17℃ in summer, and the average annual rainfall is 6 mm.

History

About 9 years ago, at the end of the ice age, the ancestors of Finns moved here from the south and southeast. Before the 12th century, Finland was a primitive commune society. It became part of Sweden in the second half of the 12th century and became a principality of Sweden in 1581. After the war between Russia and Sweden in 189, it was occupied by Russia and became a grand duchy under Russian rule. The czar also served as the Grand Duke of Finland. After the October Revolution in 1917, Finland declared its independence on December 6 of the same year, and in 1919, it established the Republic of China. After the Finnish-Soviet War from 1939 to 194 (Finland called it "the Winter War"), Finland was forced to sign the Finnish-Soviet Peace Treaty with the former Soviet Union to cede territory to the Soviet Union. From 1941 to 1944, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, and Finland participated in the war against the Soviet Union (Finland called it "continuation war"). In February 1944, Finland, as a defeated country, signed the Paris Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union and other countries. In April 1948, it signed a "Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance" with the Soviet Union. Finland joined the European Union in 1995 after the Cold War. Founded in 1999 to join the euro zone.

Politics: According to the Constitution, the legislative power of the country is made by the parliament and the president of the country. As the head of state, the President has the real power to appoint the government, take charge of foreign affairs and command the three armed forces, and is elected every six years. In 1999, the Finnish Parliament adopted a new constitution, the name of which was changed from the Organic Law of the Government to the Constitution. The new constitution strengthens the role of parliament and government in the country's political life, and reduces some powers of the president. Parliament is a unicameral system, which is the highest organ of state power and legislature. It is composed of 2 members directly elected by voters for a term of four years. Its main functions are to legislate, supervise the government and finance. The highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Court, composed of the President and 19 judges, is responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Administrative Court is composed of the president and 2 judges, and is responsible for hearing administrative cases of government agencies and provincial, municipal (county) institutions. The prosecution organs are procuratorates at all levels. In addition, there is a national legal inspector, who has the right to attend cabinet meetings and supervise whether the decisions of the president, cabinet and government departments conform to the constitutional provisions. The presidents, judges and procurator-general of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court are appointed by the President.

Geography

Basic location: Earth/Eastern Hemisphere-Northern Hemisphere/Europe/Northern Europe

Geographical division:

1) Native land 2)Aaland Islands (located in the Baltic Sea)

Land boundary: 729 kilometers to Norway, 586 kilometers to Sweden and 1313 kilometers to Russia.

coastline: 1,126 kilometers (excluding islands)

Sea occupation: 12 nautical miles from the territorial sea to the Gulf of Botswana, 4 nautical miles to the Gulf of Finland and 12 nautical miles from exclusive fishing zone.

climate: it belongs to the continental climate of sub-cold zone. Winter is long and cold, and summer is short and warm. The average temperature in February is-14 ~-6℃, the average temperature in July is 13 ~ 18℃, and the annual precipitation is 4 ~ 6 mm.

arable land area: 64 square kilometers

population able-bodied man rate: 66.9% able-bodied man sex ratio: 1.2 male /1 female

population growth rate: .14% average life expectancy: 81.68 years for female and 74.28 years for male

average maternal and infant rate: 1 mother /1.7 infant

national.

constitution: enacted in 1919.

Head of State: President, Tarja HALONEN (female), took office on March 1, 2.

Head of Government: Prime Minister, Matti VANHANNEN, took office on June 24th, 23.

Parliament: unicameral, with 2 seats and a term of four years.

administrative division: province (l? Ni), Dao (Maakunta) and County (Kunna), * * * has 6 provinces and 2 roads.

economy

GDP per capita: USD 26,2 (22)

Three rates:

(2