Requesting an introduction to each state in Germany

Introduction to the German states

Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg

Area: 35,751 square kilometers Capital: Stuttgart ( Stuttgart) Population: 10.3 million

Baden-Württemberg is located in southwestern Germany, bordering France, Switzerland and Austria to the west and south. The northern foothills of the Alps run across the state, and the Rhine River flows down from north to south. The state is divided into 4 administrative regions, including 9 cities and 35 counties.

Baden-Württemberg has a developed economy, strong financial resources and low unemployment rate. It is known as a "model state". The industries are mainly machinery, automobiles, electrical appliances, chemistry, optics, and precision instruments. The Black Forest Mountain Area is also famous for its watch and jewelry industries. Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe are the three major industrial centers. Baden-Wuerttemberg is also home to world-class companies such as Mercedes-Benz (the picture on the left shows the Mercedes-Benz Automobile Museum in Stuttgart), Porsche, Bosch, International Business Machines Corporation, Lorenz Standard Electronics AG, and Porsche AG. At the same time, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is also a major feature of the state's industry. Among the enterprises in Baden-Württemberg, small and medium-sized enterprises account for 98%. These enterprises are located in urban and rural areas, so the economic development of various places is relatively coordinated, and the unemployment rate has always been the lowest level in Germany. Baden-Württemberg's total exports are almost as much as those of Spain, Sweden or Singapore combined, which fully reflects its economic strength.

Agriculture accounts for less than 2% of the state's gross national product. The diverse soil quality and pleasant climate here make the Rhine Plain and the shores of Lake Constance particularly suitable for growing specialty cash crops such as fruits, grapes, tobacco, asparagus, hops for beer brewing, and vegetables. This is the second largest wine-making region in Germany, and red and white wine have long become people’s daily drinks. The southern mountainous areas are rich in water and grass, and the livestock industry is prosperous, mainly grazing dairy cows and beef cattle.

Ba Fu Prefecture has a long cultural tradition. The state has the largest number of German higher education institutions. The University of Heidelberg (inset), founded in 1386, is the oldest university in Germany. The two universities of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe are famous for science and engineering, while the University of Mannheim is famous for economics. In addition, it is also the hometown of the famous German poet Schiller and philosopher Hegel. Stuttgart's ballet and the International Bach Society enjoy a world reputation. It is also home to important media centers and major publishing houses, with 33% of Germany's magazines and 22% of its books published here.

The tourism industry in Baden-Württemberg is prosperous, second only to Bain among the states. Dense forests in the mid-range mountains cover 2/3 of the state. The famous Black Forest (pictured on the right) is a popular health resort. It extends 160 kilometers from north to south and ranges in width from 20 to 60 kilometers from east to west. The rolling hills are densely forested and green, and the viewing area is completely black. , hence the name. There is also Lake Constance, located between Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The Rhine River, the Neckar River, and the rough Swabian Mountains are also popular vacation spots for tourists. Every year, more tourists come to Baden-Württemberg than residents.

Bavaria Bayern

Area: 70,552 square kilometers Capital: Munich (München) Population: 12 million

Bavaria is located in southeastern Germany, with its south and east It is adjacent to Austria and the Czech Republic. The Alps run across the entire state, and multiple peaks, forests, and lakes are prominent features of the state's topography. The state is the largest state in Germany and is divided into 7 regions, including 25 cities and 71 counties.

Bavaria is Germany’s state with a millennium of history and the oldest tradition. It is also the only state whose territory remained intact after the collapse of Nazi Germany in 1945. Due to historical reasons, Bavaria has greater independence from the central government. The state has strong Catholic influence and has always been considered conservative.

The state is Germany's largest agricultural region. However, the proportion of the population engaged in agriculture and forestry has dropped from 30% in the 1950s to about 7% currently. Currently, the state is a modern high-tech center and one of the most dynamic economic regions in Europe. It is known as Germany's "California". Munich, the state capital (the picture on the left shows Munich in the distance) is known as the "second capital of Germany" and is the cultural and economic center of the state. The Nuremberg, Fürth, and Erlangen regions are centers of machinery manufacturing, electrical and toy industries, with well-known large companies such as Siemens, Kwiler, and Grundig. Augsburg is home to the machine building and textile industries. Regensburg is home to the electrical industry and the famous Bavarian BMW engine plant. Ingolstadt is also famous for its automobile manufacturing industry, and its Audi brand cars are well known to Chinese people. The beer produced in Byrne is world-famous, with hundreds of breweries. Also famous are Franconian wines.

Bavaria’s tourism industry ranks first in Germany and is the number one holiday destination in Germany favored by tourists. Tourism is an important source of the state's economy. In addition to the historic cities of Munich and Nuremberg, there are also the well-preserved medieval city of Regensburg, Baroque and Rococo Banz, the monastery and church of Etal, the Cathedral of the Fourteenth Saint and Wies Churches, etc., these church buildings and the then bishop city of Würzburg have been listed as world cultural assets by UNESCO.

The 2,962-meter-high Zugspitze (pictured on the right), Germany’s highest peak, and the lakes and mountains in the Alps add endless charm to ancient Bavaria.

The main lakes in the state include Lake Starnberg, Lake Tegern, Lake Amur, Lake Moin and Lake Constance, which contain rich water resources. The Bavarian Forest, the first German national park, and the river valleys of the Danube, Main and their tributaries are known as Germany's "Romantic Road" (Romantische Strasse). The annual Oktoberfest is a traditional grand folk festival.

Berlin Berlin

Area: 889 square kilometers Capital: Berlin (Berlin) Population: 3.46 million

Berlin State is located in eastern Germany and has 23 districts under its jurisdiction. It developed from a fishing village and commercial center into the Kyoto of Prussia and has a history of more than 750 years. After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, Berlin became Germany's political, industrial, scientific and cultural center. On November 9, 1918, the Weimar Republic of Germany was proclaimed and Berlin became the capital of the Republic of Germany. In 1939, Berlin's population reached more than 4 million. The Second World War had disastrous consequences for Berlin, causing massive destruction of the urban area and industrial areas. In 1945, the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union divided Berlin into four parts in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. In the decades that followed, the Berlin Wall became a symbol of Germany's division and the "Cold War" between East and West. After the reunification of Germany on October 3, 1990, Berlin became the country's capital. In 1991, parliament voted to move the seat of government from Bonn back to Berlin.

After reunification, Berlin is now the largest city in Germany. Today's Berliners are not really born and bred Berliners. Berliners were historically mainly immigrants, coming from France, Bohemia and Poland, and now more from Eastern Europe, making them an international mix of nationalities.

Berlin is one of the largest industrial centers in Europe. Electrical, mechanical manufacturing, and precision instruments, which consume less raw materials and are good at technology, have always been Berlin's traditional advantageous industries. The food, cigarette, clothing and chemical industries also have a strong presence in Berlin. There are two global giants here: Siemens and General Electric Company (AEG).

Berlin’s advantage also lies in the close integration of research and development, production and sales. 3 universities, 4 universities of arts, European University of Economics, 9 junior colleges, about 250 extra-university research institutions and a large number of small and medium-sized technology enterprises constitute a powerful driving force for economic growth and new jobs. In the southeast of the city, Europe's largest comprehensive integrated technology park - Adlerhof Economic and Scientific Base (WISTA) is established. With an increasing number of companies in the field of communications and information technology, Berlin is becoming a location for efficient and innovative institutions.

Berlin is an important fair and conference city. Activities such as the International Radio Exhibition, Berlin Green Week (agriculture, horticulture), and tourism expos all have extensive international influence.

Berlin's rich culture has a long tradition. It has a wide range of all-encompassing museums and collections, as well as three major opera houses (Deutsche Oper, German State Opera Unter den Linden, and Burlesque Opera), several major symphony orchestras, including the Philharmonic Orchestra, and Dozens of theatres, concert halls and libraries. Berlin is renowned for its performance weeks, film festivals and theater performances. There are constant performances here all year round, and watching theatrical performances has become an important part of the life of modern Berliners.

The newspapers published in Berlin include: "Berlin Morning Post", "Berlin Daily News" and "Daily Mirror", which represent public opinion. The editorial office of the famous "Le Monde" is also located in Berlin.

Berlin is known as the "City of Forests and Lakes", with lakes and woodland accounting for 1/3 of the city's total area. The entire city is hidden among forests and grasslands. Looking down at the city from a high altitude, it looks like a big green island. Only by visiting these forests and lakes and being surrounded by the natural beauty of nature can tourists deeply experience the traditional romantic and unrestrained life of Berliners.

Berlin, as the ancient cultural capital of Europe, has many places of interest, including the Imperial Parliament Building, the Egyptian Museum, Charlottenburg Palace, Olympic Park, Berlin Zoo, Brandenburg Gate and Wannsee, etc. Tourist attractions. Among them, the Brandenburg Gate with its horse-drawn carriage is a symbol of the fall of the Berlin Wall and a symbol of German reunification. In addition, the Humboldt University, New Post, Armory, Cathedral and TV Tower located next to Alexanderplatz are also places for tourists to stop. The famous Nicholas Church was built in 1320 and is the oldest church in Berlin. As a tourist city, Berlin receives millions of foreign and national tourists every year. (The picture above shows the restored German Parliament Building)

In April 1994, Berlin and Beijing became sister cities.

Brandenburg

Brandenburg

Area: 29,479 square kilometers Capital: Potsdam Population: 2.6 million

B The state of Landenburg is located in the east of Germany, surrounding the state of Berlin and bordering Poland to the east. The whole state is divided into 6 cities and 38 counties. The state capital, Potsdam, is located southwest of Berlin, where the famous Potsdam Conference in 1945 was held.

This state is the largest new federal state in Germany. Industrial and service enterprises are the most important economic sectors here.

Today the state's economic structure has gradually transformed from agriculture with rye and oil crops to industry with sectors such as automobile and machine building, electronics, optics, energy economy, food industry and chemicals. After 40 years of planned economy, the industry here is currently in the transition stage. Many enterprises with outdated equipment, losses and environmental pollution are in the process of transformation.

Brandenburg is located in the lowlands of North Germany and has harsh natural conditions. Known as the "sand jar", Brandenburg has large areas of sand, clay hills, humid swamp valleys and numerous lakes. The state's forest coverage area reaches 35%, and the main crops are rye, potatoes, and wheat. The Oder River depression around Berlin and the eastern city of Frankfurt is the production area of ??fruits and vegetables.

The state was once the center of the Kingdom of Prussia. Potsdam was formerly the official residence city of Prussia. It was also a rural city with idyllic scenery, including the famous Sanssouci (see picture on the left) and its gorgeous palace. Gardens and Sichlin Palace and other places of interest. In addition, Rheinsberg and Blanitz are also popular places for tourists. The Spree woodlands and lakes in the south have a charming, icy feel to them. The water network here is crisscrossed and the forests are dense. It has been compared to the tropical forests of Brazil and is called the "German Amazon".

Due to mutual visa exemption between Germany and Poland, the status of the transit center for Eastern European countries in Frankfurt am Oder, an important city in the state, has become increasingly important.

The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen

Bremen

The state of Bremen is located at the mouth of the Weser River in northern Germany. The state consists of two cities - Bremen City and Bremen It is the smallest federal state in Germany. Bremen ranks second after San Marino among the oldest surviving cities in the world. As a former bishop and merchant city, Bremen's history can be traced back to the eighth century AD.

Built in 1827, Bremerhaven (pictured left) is located at the mouth of the North Sea. In the history of the development of German ocean trade in the nineteenth century, Bremerhaven played an important role. It is 65 kilometers away from the city of Bremen, and between the two cities is the territory of Lower Saxony. Bremerhaven has developed from the original Bremen shipyard into one of the largest fishing ports in continental Europe, and its industry is closely connected with the port.

Port industry, navigation, international trade and cutting-edge products of modern industry are the economic foundation of Bremen. As one of Germany's major foreign trade transfer stations, Bremerhaven has the world's largest container water and land transshipment equipment. Every year, about 10,000 ships travel between Bremerhaven and about 1,000 ports around the world. German tea, coffee, tobacco and cotton all entered here and were processed and sold locally. Therefore, Bremerhaven is not only a fast cargo transshipment point, but also an engine of the local economy. The state's state emblem is a "key to the world."

In addition to the shipping and shipbuilding industries, the city of Bremen also has automobiles, machine manufacturing, electronics and emerging aerospace industries (the Bremen Aerospace Center is the location where important components for rockets, satellites and Airbus are designed and manufactured) . Bremen is also one of the production centers of German food and hobbies. Its most famous products include coffee, chocolate, flour, dairy products, spices, aquatic products and beer. The Bremen Stock Exchange and Commodity Exchange, which has a history of more than 300 years, undertakes the trade of the entire northwest of Germany.

Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg

Hamburg

Area: 755 square kilometers Capital: Hamburg Population: 1.7 million

Hamburg It was built in the 9th century AD and has a history of more than a thousand years. At first it was just a castle built on the Elbe River for border security, and then gradually developed into a trading city. It was one of the founders of the Hanseatic League and was its most important transit center between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. After the collapse of the German Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Hamburg became a free Hanseatic city. In 1949, Hamburg became a state of the German Federal Republic under the name of "Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg".

The Port of Hamburg (illustration) is located 120 kilometers away from the mouth of the Elbe River. It is one of the largest ports in the world. It is known as Germany's "Gateway to the World" and is still Germany's most important port. seaport and the largest foreign trade transit area. The port's container transshipment volume ranks second in Europe, second only to Rotterdam. More than 200 liners depart from here every year, and more than 300 routes connect major ports around the world. The port industrial zone includes shipyards, refineries and enterprises for the finishing of foreign raw materials. Through continuous industrial restructuring, this Hanseatic city has developed into a highly industrialized international city in northern Europe. The aviation industry, electronic industry, precision machinery and optical instrument manufacturing, machine manufacturing and chemical industry are known as Hamburg's five major industries. Dominate the industrial sector. The famous "Airbus" aircraft is produced at the Han Aircraft Manufacturing Plant.

Although it is Germany's second largest industrial location, Hamburg is still one of the "greenest cities in Germany". Farmland, gardens, forests, swamps and grasslands account for 41% of Hamburg's total area, and landscapes and nature reserves account for 28%. In addition to the 120 park facilities, there are more than 200,000 street trees.

Hamburg is the media economic center of Germany, with an annual turnover of approximately more than 40 billion marks.

17 of Germany's 21 magazines with a circulation of one million are published in Hamburg; it is also home to the Deutsche Presse Agency (dpa), numerous television stations, radio stations and film studios. In recent years, the communications industry has developed most rapidly, and electronic media accounts for an increasing proportion of the industry.

Hessen

Hessen

Area: 21,114 square kilometers Capital: Wiesbaden Population: 6 million

Hesse is located on the Rhine-Main plain in central Germany. It is called the "Middle State" of Germany. The state consists of 3 regions, 5 cities, and 21 counties. The territory of Hesse today began after World War II. It is a state formed against the background of customs, history, culture and social conditions. The state is not only geographically central, but also basically at the middle level of Germany in terms of economic and social structure.

As the fifth largest federal state in Germany, Hesse is one of the largest economic centers in Germany after the Ruhr area and comparable to Berlin. It is also the most dynamic region in Europe. The state's strongest economic sectors are chemical industry, automobile manufacturing, leather products, optical products, electronic technology and machinery manufacturing. Frankfurt am Main, the birthplace of Goethe, is also Germany's most important financial center and international financial venue. The German Bundesbank and the European Central Bank are both located here. In addition, there are more than 400 commercial banks and Germany's largest securities company. Exchange. Frankfurt is also an important industrial and technological location and an internationally important fairground. The state is located at the intersection of air, rail and water and land transportation. Frankfurt Airport, covering an area of ??17 square kilometers, is one of the most important transportation hubs in Europe. It ranks first among European airports in terms of cargo volume and second in passenger revenue. (The picture on the left shows a distant view of Frankfurt)

The Deutsche Bibliothèque in Frankfurt is known as "the largest bookcase in Germany". The International Book Fair, which is held annually in Frankfurt and awards the German Book Industry Peace Prize, is the world's largest book fair; Kassel holds the "International Contemporary Art Exhibition", the world's leading introduction to contemporary art.

North of the Main River is the fertile yellow land, known as the golden land, where cereals, potatoes, and sugar beets are grown. The hilly and mountainous areas are dominated by forestry, with vast grassland areas, raising poultry, cattle, and pigs, and are rich in butter and cheese. The mountains south of Darmstadt and the banks of the Rhine are some of Germany's best fruit and wine regions.

Hessen has a variety of natural scenery. 2/5 of the state is covered by forest, making it the most forested state in Germany. The foothills of the Taunus Mountains are the richest area in Europe with mineral springs and mineral springs. The state capital, Wiesbaden, is not only the administrative center, but also a beautiful mineral bath, where the casino (pictured on the right) is constantly visited by tourists. This area has become a famous health resort in Germany.

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Area: 23,170 square kilometers Capital: Schwerin Population: 180 Wan

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is located in northeastern Germany, bordering the Baltic Sea to the north, facing the Scandinavian countries across the sea, and neighboring Poland to the east. The state governs 6 cities and 31 counties and is the most sparsely populated state in Germany. The ever-changing scenery of the Baltic Sea coast, the natural environment of intact large tracts of forests, steppes and hills, and the dotted inland lakes are its greatest assets.

Agriculture is the state's traditional economic sector and plays a more important role than in other states. The main agricultural products are cereals, oil crops (rapeseed) and potatoes. Along the coast, fishing thrives. Rügen is a famous fishing ground, producing cod and herring.

In addition to agriculture, Meiqianzhou is also the center of the German shipbuilding industry. After the reunification of the two Germanys, their economic structure was undergoing a complete transformation. Due to its rich, unspoiled natural environment, tourism has become an important economic pillar of the state. In addition, the food and hobby industry, construction industry, machine manufacturing, building materials and wood industry are all important industries in the state. Seaports have always been of great economic importance. Rostock is the largest port in the state, and the Port of Mukland on the island of Rügen is playing an increasingly important role. More road and rail networks have been or are being built, closely connecting the state with neighboring states.

The state is located in a slightly rolling hilly area surrounded by farmland, grassland and forest. The largest lake is Lake Mirlets, with an area of ??117 square kilometers. A vast nature reserve extends on the east coast of the lake. Rügen, the largest island in the state, is also the largest island in Germany. The chalk rock on the island is a miracle created by nature and it is a famous tourist attraction. The bathing beach stretches from the Bay of Lübeck to Ahlbeck in the east. The long Baltic Sea coast combined with 650 lakes make the state one of Germany's largest recreational areas. More than 10 million tourists come here every year.

In addition to the natural scenery, the state also has many ancient and unique buildings, such as Schwerin Palace and its 300 spiers. The largest city in Meizhou is Rostock, where the first university in Northern Europe (1419) was built. The city is also an important port on the Baltic Sea coast. It maintains close trade relations with the Scandinavian countries and is also the center of Germany. The gateway to Eastern and Northern Europe.

Lower Saxony

Niedersachsen

------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- -----

Area: 47,338 square kilometers Capital: Hannover Population: 7.8 million

Lower Saxony is located in northwest Germany and borders the Netherlands to the west. It is the largest state in Germany. The second largest state. The state is divided into 4 districts, including 9 cities and 39 counties. North-south and east-west highways and railway lines cross here, and the inland canal between the Ems and Elbe rivers connects with the Rhine, Elbe and Oder rivers, forming inland waterways in Western and Eastern Europe.

The state's terrain consists of the Harz Mountains, the Weser Mountains and the North German lowlands centered on the Lüneburg Steppe. The diverse scenery, romantic valleys, exotic reefs, vast forests and numerous lakes make it a famous tourist destination in Germany. Among them, the swamps of Emsland, the Marsch meadow behind the North Sea seawall (pictured left) and the East Frisian Islands in the North Sea shoals are unique and attract tourists all year round. Also attracting people is the "Old Fields", Europe's largest fruit plantation, located on the outskirts of Hamburg.

Two-thirds of the state's area is used for agriculture, mainly providing grain, sugar beets, feed corn and potatoes. The North Sea coast is an important fish-producing area and is known as the land of fish and rice in Germany. The state has a wide range of food industries. It is famous for its ham from the Oldenburg countryside and honey from the Lüneburg grassland. It is also a leader in potato cultivation and grain production. The state's mild and rainy winters are ideal for the growth of pasture, and horse breeding is also an important economic industry here. But these do not mean that the state is an agricultural state. In addition to the traditional shipbuilding, steel and chemical industries, the electronics and computer industry are today's emerging industries.

Lower Saxony’s industry is connected to its rich underground resources, and its exploitation of underground resources has a long history. The mineral salt and potash mines in the foothills of the Harz Mountains and the largest iron ore mines in Germany in the Salzgitter and Braunschweig regions are of great economic significance. Oil and gas are produced in the Emsland region and the German North Sea. Another industrial focus is the Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg, the largest enterprise in the state. The Volkswagen Foundation is Germany's largest non-state science-funding foundation.

Hannover, the state capital, is a world-famous fair city and is known as the "billboard" of German industry. The most famous exhibitions it hosts include CeBIT, the world's largest annual industrial expo and a large communications technology exhibition.

Leibniz of Hannover pioneered the binary system; and built the world's first working computer; Berliner invented the record player; Gauss invented the telegraph; Siemens invented the power generation The machine generates electricity. The university town of G?ttingen has played a major role in political history and the history of natural sciences.

Nordrhein-Westfalen

------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ------

Area: 34,078 square kilometers Capital: Düsseldorf (Düsseldorf) Population: 18 million

North Rhine-Westphalia is located in Germany To the west, it borders Belgium and the Netherlands. With an area equivalent to Belgium and Luxembourg combined, it is Germany's most populous state and the most densely populated region in Europe. The state was newly formed after World War II and consists of 5 administrative regions, 23 cities, and 31 counties.

When it comes to North Rhine-Westphalia, people will naturally think of the Ruhr Industrial Area, which is also the largest industrial area in Europe. The Ruhr area has traditionally been dominated by the mining and metallurgical industry, and it has abundant anthracite coal resources. In the past 30 years, the state has successfully carried out industrial restructuring, breaking the single economic structure dominated by mining and metallurgy. Many new jobs are provided by the rapidly growing media and cultural industries. Today, about 66% of the state's employed people work in the service sector. Industrial restructuring combined with ecological renewal has turned the state into Europe's leading center for environmental technology. The state's total import and export volume accounts for 1/4 of Germany's. (The illustration shows the "City Gate" building in Dusseldorf)

The state has 31 large power plants, making it the energy center of Germany. The dense network of highways, railways and waterways closely connects the state's industrial cities and is also connected to important transportation routes in Europe. 44 of Germany's 100 largest companies are located in the state. In addition to industrial giants such as Bayer AG, Ferba AG, Kl?ckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG and Bertelsmann Printing and Publishing, there are approximately 600,000 small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in production. The state capital Düsseldorf is home to one of Germany's largest banks, and Cologne has Germany's leading insurance industry. The capital, Dusseldorf, as well as Cologne and Essen are all famous fair cities.

The northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia is the center of agriculture and animal husbandry.

Münsterland is an important agricultural and pastoral area, famous for horse breeding and equestrian sports, and also grows wheat, corn, sugar beets and other crops. There are many vegetable gardens and orchards in the southern Rhine Valley.

Bonn, another important city in North Rhine-Westphalia, is located south of Cologne. It is the birthplace of Beethoven. Before 1949, Bonn was only a medium-sized university town (the picture on the right shows the famous University of Bonn). For the next 40 years, it has been the capital of the German Federal Republic. After Germany was unified and the seat of government moved westward to Berlin, Bonn continued to play its role as the administrative and scientific center of the German Federal Republic.

The state has one of the densest transport networks in Europe. In just over 34,000 square kilometers of land, there are 6,000 kilometers of railways and more than 2,000 kilometers of highways. Natural rivers and artificial canals are interwoven into a network. There are 31 river ports in the country, of which Duisburg is the largest inland river port in the world. The airports in Dusseldorf, Cologne and Bonn are also important transport hubs.

The Sauerland, Zikkerland, Bergisland and Eifel mountains are densely forested and are good places for summer recuperation. The largest city in the state is Cologne, famous for its Gothic twin-tower cathedral and its annual carnival.

Not finished, limited.

***16 states and regions.

/bbs/read-htm-tid-15730.html