Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - The Sixth Batch of Famous Chinese Historical and Cultural Villages
The Sixth Batch of Famous Chinese Historical and Cultural Villages
2. As of July 20 19, the number of * * * Chinese historical and cultural villages in China was selected by the Ministry of Construction and National Cultural Heritage Administration * * *, and it was usually announced in due course together with "China Historical and Cultural Town".
From June 10, 2003 to February 18, 2003, seven batches of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages were announced. The first batch was published in 200310.8, and there are 12 famous historical and cultural villages. The second batch of famous historical and cultural villages was announced on September 16, 2005. There are 24 famous historical and cultural villages in a * * *.
The third batch of famous historical and cultural villages was announced on May 3, 20071day, a * * * with 36 famous historical and cultural villages. The fourth batch was released on1October 30th, 2008 10, with 36 famous historical and cultural villages.
The fifth batch was released on July 22nd, 20 10, and1* * was 6 1 historical and cultural villages. The date of the sixth wholesale bank is 2065438+March 2004 10. A * * * is a 107 historical and cultural village.
The release date of the seventh batch is 20 18 12 18, and a * * * is 21/historical and cultural villages. By the end of 20 18, 12 and 18, there were 487 famous historical and cultural villages in China.
Third, the sixteenth batch of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages has been announced to the sixth batch, but not to the sixteenth batch.
Cities, towns and villages that meet the following conditions can declare historical and cultural cities, towns and villages:
(a) the preservation of cultural relics is particularly rich;
(2) historical buildings are concentrated in pieces;
(3) keep the traditional pattern and historical features;
(4) Buildings that have been used as political, economic, cultural, transportation centers or military sites in history, or have had important historical events, or their traditional industries and major projects built in history have had an important impact on the development of the region, or can reflect the cultural and national characteristics of the region.
To declare a famous historical and cultural city, there should be more than two historical and cultural blocks within the protection scope of the declared famous historical and cultural city.
China's historical and cultural cities are mainly divided into seven categories according to the characteristics of each city:
1, ancient capital type
Characterized by the historical sites of the capital era and the style of ancient capitals, such as Xi' an, Luoyang and Beijing;
2. Traditional style
Cities that retain complete buildings accumulated in one or several historical periods, such as Pingyao and Hancheng;
3. Types of scenic spots
Cities that show distinctive personality characteristics through the superposition of architecture and landscape environment, such as Guilin and Suzhou;
4. Local and national characteristics
Cities with regional or individual characteristics, ethnic customs and local culture, such as Lijiang and * * * *. ;
5. Types of modern historical traces
Shanghai, Harbin, Zunyi and other cities with distinctive characteristics that reflect an event or a certain stage in history;
6. Special function types
A certain function of a city occupies a very prominent position in history, such as "Yancheng" Zigong and "porcelain capital" Jingdezhen.
7. General historical type
Cities with cultural relics scattered all over the city as the main way to embody historical traditions, such as Changsha and Jinan.
Fourth, the sixteenth batch of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages was announced to the sixth batch, but not to the sixteenth batch.
Cities, towns and villages that meet the following conditions may declare famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages: (1) There are particularly rich cultural relics to be preserved; (2) historical buildings are concentrated in pieces; (3) keep the traditional pattern and historical features; (4) Buildings that have been used as political, economic, cultural, transportation centers or military sites in history, or have had important historical events, or their traditional industries and major projects built in history have had an important impact on the development of the region, or can reflect the cultural and national characteristics of the region. To declare a famous historical and cultural city, there should be more than two historical and cultural blocks within the protection scope of the declared famous historical and cultural city.
China's famous historical and cultural cities are mainly divided into seven categories according to the characteristics of each city: 1. The types of ancient capitals are characterized by historical sites and ancient capitals, such as Xi 'an, Luoyang and Beijing. 2. Cities with traditional styles that retain complete buildings accumulated in one or several historical periods, such as Pingyao and Hancheng; 3. Scenic cities with distinctive personality characteristics due to the superposition of architecture and landscape environment, such as Guilin and Suzhou; 4. Cities with local and ethnic characteristics, such as Lijiang and * * *, which are composed of regional characteristics or individual characteristics, ethnic customs and local culture; 5. Modern historical traces reflect the buildings or buildings in a certain stage in history as their characteristic cities, such as Shanghai, Harbin and Zunyi; 6. The functions of some cities with special functions occupy a very prominent position in history, such as "Yancheng" Zigong and "Porcelain Capital" Jingdezhen. 7. Generally, historical sites are cities with cultural relics scattered all over the city as the main way to reflect historical traditions, such as Changsha and Jinan.
5. How to write a composition with the method of nine questions? Looking from a distance, red bricks, white stones and dovetail ridges are in pieces, and ancient buildings are arranged in an orderly manner; Looking closely at the carved beams and painted buildings, the wall carvings are rich in themes and exquisite in carving skills ... Tukeng Village, Houlong Town, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, as the cultural capital of East Asia, is full of strong Minnan customs everywhere. Being in this ancient village that has lasted for hundreds of years, you can vaguely see the prosperity and prosperity of the past, attracting tourists at home and abroad.
In the list of the sixth batch of famous historical and cultural towns (villages) in China published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China and National Cultural Heritage Administration, Tukeng Village is on the list. Recently, the author walked into this ancient village which completely reflected the traditional features and local ethnic characteristics of the relevant historical period.
The history of Tukeng Village can be traced back to more than 600 years ago. According to reports, Liu Zongkong, an aristocrat in Putian, Fujian, lived here with his family because he avoided the "change of Jingnan". During the reign of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, descendants of Liu were built in four rows on the north and south sides, with more than 40 ancient buildings, forming a spectacular ancient architectural complex stretching for hundreds of meters.
After hundreds of years of development, Tukeng Village's ancient residential building community now covers an area of 26,860 square meters, with 27 buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including residential houses, ancestral temples, temples and academies.
Shuttling through the ancient villages, four buildings are complete three-in and five-in rooms, and the rest are two-in and three-in rooms. The architectural style is mostly bucket-through structure, with hard mountain roof or rolled shed roof, towering roof, various sculptures and simple patterns, which are dizzying.
Large and small stone lions, squatting or standing or lying down, are carved with exquisite patterns, such as stone pillars, stone drums and stone flower racks, which can be seen everywhere; There are ancient ceramic vats, small copper pots and wooden mats in the ancient buildings, which have a unique architectural style in southern Fujian.
According to the elders in the village, Liu bought a 18 masted sailboat in partnership during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and went to Kanto for business from the sea. In the end, he became rich and was called "Liu Million". Its triple-armor ancient dwellings are more distinctive, with high scientific research value and appreciation value, and are favored by ancient architecture experts and scholars.
Approaching the "Liu Million" ancient building, 14 stands out against the flagpole bluestone, which is about 1.5 meters high, marking the grand scene of being a champion. The ancient building covers an area of 1739 square meters, and it is said that there are 100 doors, 99 windows and 42 rooms,/kloc-.
In addition to the antique Ming and Qing Dynasties, the folk customs of Tukeng Village are also fascinating, and traditional folk activities such as "Tukeng Opera", "Beiguan Music", "Playing Zheng Gu" and "Eating Ancestral Temple" can still be seen. Customs, living habits and Minnan culture come down in one continuous line here.
Regrettably, some of the 27 existing ancient buildings were abandoned or collapsed, and most of the people living in them moved away. Only a few old people are reluctant to go, and occasionally villagers go back to the ancient buildings for a stroll.
"In the past, there were more than a dozen families, nearly a hundred people, and the scene was very lively. Now there are three families and four people. " Lin Apo, 76, lives in the "Liu Million" Gu Lou. She said, "The descendants in the building have all gone out to work hard and built new buildings outside, but my wife and I like living here."
Chen Apo, an 83-year-old who once lived in another building in Gu Lou, has moved to a new home, but she still often visits Gu Lou. "In order to let the people have a place to reunite, this ancient building has been spontaneously restored by future generations, as if it had returned to the prosperous times of the past." Chen Apo said.
In this regard, Liu Zongqiang, deputy mayor of Houlong Town, said that after Tukeng Village was awarded the title of "Famous Chinese Historical and Cultural Village", it began to protect the historical humanities and natural landscape of the ancient village on the principle of "rescue first, key protection", and entrusted the Fujian-Taiwan Institute of Architecture of Xiamen University to undertake the preparation of the protection and development plan for Tukeng Ancient Village, and listed 18 ancient buildings with the most distinctive value as key protection.
In addition, Tukeng Village was also included in the first batch of "20 Minnan Cultural and Ecological Protection Zones" in Quanzhou. A famous historical and cultural village is recasting the ancient Minnan customs.
How many batches of the list of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages have been published so far, six batches of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages have been published, and there are 528 famous Chinese historical and cultural villages.
Title announcement
The selection and publication of famous historical and cultural towns and villages in China are carried out in an irregular way. The Ministry of Construction and National Cultural Heritage Administration examined and approved the opinions of the expert committee in the form of inter-ministerial joint meeting, and issued them in the name of the Ministry of Construction and National Cultural Heritage Administration.
Revocation of ownership
China famous historical and cultural towns and villages implement dynamic management. The provincial construction administrative department shall be responsible for supervising the implementation of the protection plan for the famous towns in this province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) that have won the title of famous historical and cultural towns and villages in China, and shall promptly investigate and deal with the acts of construction in violation of the protection plan. The Ministry of Construction, together with National Cultural Heritage Administration, will organize experts to inspect the towns that have won the title of famous historical and cultural town and village in China. Do not have the conditions, cancel the title of famous historical and cultural town and village in China.
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