Preparation for the senior high school entrance examination: celebrity examples, poems (ancient and modern) that can be processed in the composition, as well as those idioms with strong practicality .

Preparation for the senior high school entrance examination: celebrity examples, poems (ancient and modern) that can be processed in the composition, as well as those idioms with strong practicality ... celebrity case

1. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Fan Li helped Gou Jian, the king of Yue, to give up his splendor and wealth and go into business, eventually becoming a successful entrepreneur. And his close comrade-in-arms Wen Zi, reluctant to give up, eventually led to fatal disaster.

2. Don't indulge in pillows

Sima Guang, an ancient Chinese writer, used a log as a pillow to wake himself up and continue writing, and named it "police pillow". Mayakovski, a famous Russian poet, often used a big piece of firewood as a pillow to keep himself from sleeping too long. Edison, the inventor, often stayed up for days and nights at work. He was really sleepy, so he set up the books on the table as pillows.

stealing light from the wall and reading in the reflection of the moon

Kuang Heng, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, was poor and eager to learn. There was no light at night, so he cut a hole in the wall in order to read by the candlelight of his neighbor. Jiang Bi was born in a poor family in the Southern Qi Dynasty. She made shoes during the day and took time to study at night. When he couldn't light the lamp, he took the book to the roof and read by moonlight.

3. Recitation cannot be underestimated

Recitation is an important learning method. China has always had the theory of "being knowledgeable and knowledgeable". Liang Qichao explained the 7,-word "Public Security Policy" to students, and recited it without reading books. In order to recite an article, Mr. Lu Xun not only read it aloud, but also copied it by hand, so as to deepen his impression.

4. Life is only three days

Students on the Hawaiian Island in the United States always recite a prayer first: a person's life is only three days: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Yesterday has passed and will never return. I am with you today, but it will pass soon. Tomorrow will come and die. Hurry up, life is only three days.

5. "Tomorrow Song" and "Today Song"

In the Ming Dynasty, Qian Fu wrote a "Tomorrow Song", the content is: Tomorrow will be tomorrow, how many tomorrows there are! Waiting for tomorrow, everything will be wasted. The world is tired of tomorrow, and tomorrow will be endless. In the morning, the water flows eastward, and today it is long and the west is falling. What can tomorrow be like in a hundred years? Please listen to my song tomorrow.

Wen Jia in the Ming Dynasty wrote another song "Today's Song", which reads: Today is today, how rare it is today! If you don't do it today, when will it happen Life is a hundred years today, and today is not a pity. If you wait until the Ming dynasty, there will be something in the Ming dynasty. Talk about "Today's Poetry" for you, and try your best to start today.

Achievement is bought with time

Sima Qian spent 18 years writing Historical Records; Zuo Si spent 1 years writing Sandu Fu: Li Shizhen spent 3 years writing Compendium of Materia Medica; It took Copernicus 3 years to write On the Motion of Celestial Bodies. It took Darwin 22 years to write the Origin of Species, Milton 21 years to write Paradise Lost and the great Marx 4 years to write Das Kapital.

6. Drip wears away the stone

A drop of water dripping from a rock seems insignificant, but it can do wonders over the years. There are many stone stalactites in the caves in Guilin, which are as long as stone pillars and spectacular. They are formed by the accumulation of dripping water from rocks over tens of thousands of years.

7. The walking blackboard

One evening, physicist Ampei was walking in the street. Suddenly, he thought of a topic in his mind, so he went to the front blackboard, took out the chalk head from his pocket and calculated on it. However, the "blackboard" suddenly moved, and ampere's calculus problem was not finished, and he unconsciously followed the "blackboard" to calculate. The "blackboard" walked faster and faster, and Ampere felt that he couldn't catch up. At this time, he saw people in the street laughing at him, and he found that the moving "blackboard" turned out to be the back of a black carriage.

8. Newton forgot to eat

Newton, a great British physicist, once invited a friend to dinner at home. The food was ready, but before his friend arrived, he went into the laboratory and devoted himself to the experiment. When my friend came, he couldn't find Newton. Because he was anxious to go to work, he ate the food alone, put the leftover chicken bones in the box and left. In the evening, Newton finished his experiment and prepared to eat. But when he saw the chicken bones in the box, he showed an epiphany and laughed and said, "I thought I hadn't eaten yet, but I had already eaten."

9. The article is never tired of changing

There are many people who are good at modifying their own articles at all times and in all countries. Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, which was "reviewed for ten years, added and deleted five times". Tolstoy wrote War and Peace, which was revised seven times. Marx would rather burn his manuscript than leave his unprocessed works behind. Flaubert was a French critical realist writer in the 19th century. One day, Mo Bosang went to consult Flaubert with a new work, and he was puzzled to see that every page of the manuscript on Flaubert's desk only wrote one line, and the other nine lines were blank. Flaubert smiled and said, "This is my habit. I only write one line on a ten-line manuscript paper, and the other nine lines are reserved for revision."

1. Cheng Men Li Xue

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Shi admired Cheng Yi's knowledge and went to Luoyang to worship Cheng Yi as his teacher. When he went to Cheng Yi's home for advice, Cheng Yi was sitting still and sleeping. Yang Shi was eager to study, but he didn't dare to disturb the teacher, so he stood outside and waited. It was snowing heavily and freezing. When Cheng Yi woke up, the snow had fallen a foot deep. Later, people used "Cheng Men Li Xue" as a metaphor for students to learn from their teachers respectfully.

11. A toddler in Handan

A man in Yan heard that the people of Zhao had a good walking posture, so he came to Handan, the capital of Zhao, to learn to walk. As a result, he didn't learn the walking posture of Zhao people, and even forgot the original walking method, so he had to crawl back. This story is a metaphor for blind imitation, and as a result, I lost my inherent skills and characteristics.

12. Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy hard

Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty, practiced calligraphy hard. According to legend, he studied hard for 2 years in Lanting, Shaoxing. Because he often washes the brush and inkstone in the pool, he actually dyed the water in the pool black. Once, his son, Wang Xianzhi, asked him the secret of writing. He pointed to the eighteen water tanks at home and said, "You will know the secret of writing after you finish writing the water in these eighteen water tanks." Wang Xianzhi really finished writing eighteen jars of water and really became a great calligrapher.

13. Liang Qichao's reading method

First, reading should be divided into two categories: specialization and exposition. On the one hand, we should develop the habit of reading carefully, and on the other hand, we should develop the habit of reading quickly. If you don't know the details, you will get nothing, which is equivalent to reading in vain. If you don't have a quick eye, you won't have enough time to get information. Secondly, some books should be read by heart, such as valuable literary works and beneficial aphorisms. Third, make reading notes. Because a good memory is not as good as a bad writing.

14. Pay attention to discussion

Ancient Chinese scholars attached great importance to discussing knowledge with their close friends. Tao Yuanming's poem "Migration" contains the words "appreciation of strange writing, analysis of doubts", and Zhang Ji's poem "Sacrifice to Retreat" also talks about the scene when he and Han Yu are together, "being poor in ancient and modern things and taking everything into consideration". Sun Sheng and Yin Jie in the Jin Dynasty once forgot to eat in order to discuss a problem, so that "the number of people who eat cold and get warmed up is four".

15. Newton's thinking about apples falling to the ground

One day, when Newton was walking, a ripe apple fell from the tree and hit him right on the head. This very common thing caused Newton to think deeply. He thought: Why do apples have to fall underground? Why not fly to the sky and other places? He speculated that the center of the earth has an attraction, and that this attraction exists for any substance. Through research, he put forward a formula to calculate the magnitude of gravity and discovered the "law of universal gravitation".

16. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, tasted the gall

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu and Yue were enemies for generations. Once the Vietnamese army was defeated, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, made peace with Wu, and agreed to Wu's harsh request: The king of Yue went to Wu to wait on Wu I. Gou

Jian came to the State of Wu, waited on the King of Wu carefully, and was released to China after three years. For this great hatred of snow, he worked hard, exercised his fighting spirit, slept with firewood, tasted gall before meals and before going to bed, and made a series of plans to restore the country. Within ten years, the State of Yue finally became strong and destroyed the State of Wu in one fell swoop.

17. Yang Zhen's "four knowledge" shames Wang Mi

According to Fan Ye's Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Yang Zhen moved from Jingzhou to Donglai Taishou and passed through Changyi when he took office. Changyi County Magistrate was recommended by Yang Zhen as Wang Mi of Jingzhou Maocai. In order to repay the favor of recommendation, Wang Mi went to the posthouse to visit Yang Zhen in the evening and offered ten gold medals. Yang Zhen repeatedly waved his hand and refused. Wang Mi thought that he was afraid of being seen and damaging his reputation, so he said, "Ignorant at dusk." Yang Zhen angrily said: "Heaven knows, earth knows, you know, I know, what is ignorance?" Throwing gold to Wang Mi, Wang Mi retreated in shame.

181 million and 1 billion

One time I read a newspaper, I was deeply impressed by two figures: First, there are 1 million out-of-school children in China every year; First, the public funds for eating, drinking and traveling in China have exceeded 1 billion. If it is evenly distributed among 1 million children, each child will get an astronomical figure. But they really can't pay tuition and fees of several hundred yuan a year. There are so many "black sheep" with their mouths wide open that they eat up the tuition fees of dozens of children for one year at a meal, which makes people not "worry about the sky".

19. The overall deterioration of the earth's environment

In p>1996, the United Nations Environment Programme published a report entitled "Taking Action: An Environmental Guide for You and Your Community". The report points out that the Antarctic ozone hole is increasing at the rate of one American land area every year, which increases the ultraviolet radiation on the ground and increases the incidence of skin cancer: the air quality is seriously declining, and more than 1 million people in the world live in cities with turbid air: the excessive release of greenhouse gases causes global warming, and the greenhouse gas emissions of the United States rank first in the world; 12% of mammals and 11% of birds are on the verge of extinction, and 15 and 2 biological species disappear from the earth every 24 hours: 1.2 billion people live in cities lacking water, and 1.4 billion people lack domestic sewage discharge devices in their living environment; Every year, the global surface soil loses 2 billion tons; The use of chemical pesticides exceeds 2.79 million tons: more than 4 species of fish in the world are on the verge of extinction due to overfishing; the global forests are disappearing at a rate of 4.6 million hectares per year.

17 At present, there are only 17 Antarctic blue whales in the world. Before humans began large-scale hunting activities, its population number was 23.97 j-only.

544kg Adjust the water temperature of your electric water heater from 6 degrees Celsius to 48.8 degrees Celsius, and you can reduce the emission of 544kg of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year.

435 According to a recent survey report, there are 435 species of amphibians in the world * * *, and the population is declining sharply.

Modesty

[ Famous sayings]

Modesty comes from lack of knowledge. (Hua Luogeng)

Don't think you know everything at any time. No matter how highly people think of you, you must always have the courage to say to yourself, "I know nothing." (Pavlov)

Lack of modesty is lack of knowledge. (Franklin)

Wisdom is a gem, and it will be more brilliant if it is edged with modesty. (Gorky)

[ Interpretation of epigrams]

In a threesome, we must learn from each other.

speak the Analects of Confucius. Several people are walking together, and one of them must be my teacher. Warn people that they should learn from others' strengths with an open mind to make up for their own shortcomings.

full of losses, modest benefits.

come up with Shangshu Dayu Mo. It means: complacency will bring losses, and humility will benefit. Remind us that in order to achieve something, we must be modest and prudent, and never be complacent.

[ factual argument]

Bai Juyi humbly asks

According to legend, Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, always reads a poem to the shepherd boy or the old woman first, and then revises it repeatedly until they clap their hands and say it is good. A famous poet like Bai Juyi doesn't despise shepherd boys and village women because of their ignorance. Because he knows that real literary works must be recognized by the people, he humbly asks the people for advice, which makes his poems easy to understand and read for later generations.

krylov was a great Russian fable writer in the 18th century. He wrote many and good fables. Once, one of his friends praised him and said, "Your writing is really good. After one edition is sold out, you print another edition, which is much more than anyone else's." Krylov replied: "No, it's not that my writing is good, it's because my book is for children. Everyone knows that children are easy to break books, so there are more editions."

2.

[ Famous sayings]

Nothing is stronger than knowledge, and people armed with knowledge are invincible. (Gorky)

The whole meaning of life lies in the endless exploration of unknown things and the continuous increase of more knowledge. (Zola)

People with rich knowledge and experience are more likely to produce new associations and original opinions than those with only one kind of knowledge and experience. (Taylor)

[ Interpretation of epigrams]

My life is limited, and so is my knowledge.

say "Zhuangzi, Health Master". Meaning: human life is limited, but knowledge has no end.

if you don't know much, you must judge what you know.

come up with "Confucius' Family Words, Five Interpretations". No demand has a lot of knowledge, but you must check whether your knowledge is correct.

[ factual argument] Su Dongpo's mistake One day, Su Dongpo visited his teacher Wang Anshi's house, but Wang Anshi went to the DPRK. Su Dongpo saw an unfinished poem of "Chanting Chrysanthemum" written by Wang on the table: "Last night, the west wind crossed the garden, blowing yellow flowers and gold everywhere." He read it very disapprovingly, so he continued: "Yellow flowers are not like spring flowers, so listen carefully to the poet." When the post-poet was demoted to Huangzhou, he was enjoying chrysanthemums with his friends at night, when the autumn wind started, only to see the petals of chrysanthemums falling to the ground one after another, which was like spreading gold all over the floor. Su Dongpo began to know his ignorance.

A Dream of Red Mansions-an encyclopedia, a classic, is called an encyclopedia because it involves politics, economy, military affairs, medicine, psychology, music, poetry, history, geography, architecture, gardens, customs and cooking. This shows that Cao Xueqin has a wide range of knowledge.

jealousy

jealousy is as harmful to the jealous as rust is to iron. -Deangelis

Lonely flowers, don't be jealous of the dense thorns. -Tagore

People who were jealous of me praised me unconsciously. -Ji Bolun

[ fable]

Goats and donkeys: A man kept goats and donkeys. The owner always gives the donkey enough feed, so the jealous goat said to the donkey, You have to push the mill for a while and carry heavy goods for a while, which is very hard. It is better to pretend to be sick and fall to the ground, so you can have a rest. The donkey listened to the goat's advice and fell black and blue. The master called in a doctor to treat him. The doctor said that the goat's heart and lung soup should be given to the donkey as medicine to be cured. So the owner immediately killed the goat to treat the donkey. The story is that anyone who plans evil will reap the consequences and come to no good end. -Aesop's Fables

[(Bible) Story]

Cain and Abel were both born of Adam and Eve, and they were brothers.