What should be paid attention to in the planning and design of pastoral ecological leisure resort

Firstly, the principle of multiple theories is introduced.

In the current farm planning, farmers often design their own leisure agriculture according to their own experience, or copy the representative works of advanced areas. The appearance of the building is the same, the internal layout is improper, the function is single and closed, and there are few fine products, which leads to tourists' aesthetic fatigue and low return rate. In order to get out of this strange circle, it is urgent to introduce the following theories in planning:

(1) plant community theory.

Vegetation is the condition of leisure agriculture. In leisure farms, vegetation often bears many functions such as production, entertainment, appreciation and ecology. Therefore, we should fully understand the distribution, composition structure and succession theory of vegetation to avoid single vegetation and boring forest.

(2) Landscape ecology theory.

Based on the landscape structure and functional principle of patches and corridors, the park is scientifically planned and managed, and the corridor is combined with internal traffic to better play its ecological function and use function. A stable ecosystem is closely related to the diversity of species, while the leisure farm ecosystem in which human activities participate is often fragile. Applying biodiversity theory to guide planning is beneficial to enhance the stability of the system.

(3) Ecological succession theory.

Vegetation in leisure farm area should be regarded as a sustainable resource. Therefore, it is necessary to use the top-level theory to create a top-level plant community suitable for the local climate environment. This theory has a positive guiding role in the construction and management of leisure farms.

(4) Environmental planning theory.

Planners must have knowledge of ecological ethics and planning. Landscape planning is an activity of rational utilization and management of land, which can ensure that people, plants, animals and their resources have suitable habitats or existing positions, that is, coordinate the relationship between human utilization and natural existence.

China people are the first people in the world to understand the beauty of gardens, and also the first people to add beauty, joy and comfort to their living environment by planting flowers and trees.

(V) Design theory of holiday residential facilities.

Mainly about the design, activities and functional combination of resort hotels. The accommodation facilities in leisure farms are generally not designed in place, and consumers generally report that there are some defects in the occupancy experience, such as insufficient supply in peak season, inhuman design, unsatisfactory sanitary conditions and serious convergence with city hotels. The reasons are as follows: many farm owners underestimated the market capacity at the beginning of design. Many farms are expanding guest room facilities. Many suburban farm owners mentioned that "I thought it was so close that it would take an hour to drive back to the city." There should not be many people willing to live in the countryside, but now there are too few houses to do business. " It can be seen that guest room design did not become the focus of planning from the beginning. Second, it is possible that designers lack practical experience and basic leisure experience in designing leisure farms. I don't have rich holiday experience in leisure farms, and I can't fully understand, adapt and predict the needs of leisure agricultural tourists according to the design of star-rated hotels combined with subjective imagination. The third is the quality of construction. Some farm operators are highly educated, well-informed and experienced in leisure agriculture. Their uniqueness can be seen from the creativity, design, layout and naming of the landscape, but the landscape presented to them is very rough and distorted. The buildings that have not been put into use for a long time are covered with paint and the joints are tilted, which is an old and dilapidated scene. This is the problem of the construction party. In rural human society, projects are often contracted by local construction teams, but due to the natural lack of professional quality, construction experience and knowledge, local engineering teams are always far from the designers' ideas.

Second, the principle of theme innovation

The design of leisure farm should first have a distinct theme. Show the style of the planning area with distinctive features, so that it has obvious heterogeneity with the surrounding tourist attractions, and create a unique landscape image and sightseeing charm by using the original human and natural resources. The theme is a business card that expresses the central idea of planning and design. The determination of the theme should highlight the characteristics and create an attractive atmosphere. The planning and design of the whole leisure farm should always echo the theme, embody the theme and highlight the connotation of characteristic agricultural culture.

At present, China's leisure agriculture generally does not tap the rural agricultural tourism resources and folk culture connotation, and leisure activities mainly stay in sightseeing, fruit and vegetable picking, fishing and other projects, mainly to meet the material needs of tourists, lacking spiritual needs and atmosphere. Many "farmhouse" tourists just play chess, karaoke and chat. Lack of experience and leisure projects can not meet the needs of multi-level tourists, especially children, for knowledge, truth and interest. On the other hand, in the development of leisure agriculture in Taiwan Province Province for more than 30 years, a large number of leisure farms with distinct themes and outstanding personalities have emerged. The theme involves novel fruit picking, bamboo, herbs, milk sheep, cows, crab collection, insects, crocodiles, tea, herbs, ostriches and so on. Tourists are always full of freshness, and the return rate and praise index have increased greatly.

Third, the principle of local cultural display.

The development of leisure farms should pay attention to the excavation of local agricultural culture and folk culture, and support the tourism context with culture. In planning, the weight of cultural connotation in the farm is directly proportional to the attraction of the farm, and the theme of the leisure farm must be closely related to the regional culture.

Many leisure farm owners in Taiwan Province Province have a strong sense of responsibility and mission to inherit and display the local culture. They fully excavate and organize local culture, support the transmission of special skills, invite local folk artists to participate in performances, and can present specific local culture in the whole manor or special areas of the manor. They even set up private museums and collections for this purpose, which are open to tourists free of charge and actively promote local culture. Limited by the quality, vision and action of leisure farm operators in our province, this principle has been ignored. On the one hand, there is a general lack of cultural connotation, on the other hand, a large number of valuable local cultural resources are ignored, abandoned or destroyed, which is really sad.

Fourth, the principle of ecological priority

At present, the problem of rural ecological environment is more prominent, and the deterioration of rural landscape environment is becoming more and more serious. Many suburban farms can no longer smell frogs. It is urgent to take measures to strengthen construction, strengthen the protection of basic farmland, change the existing unreasonable farming methods, develop ecological agriculture, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, control and prevent agricultural environmental pollution, protect agricultural biodiversity and produce green food. Only in this way can we ensure the sustainable development of leisure farms. Some farm operators have made useful attempts in organic vegetables, organic fruits, stocking poultry, and no longer feeding pigs and fish with feed. However, due to the limitation of concept, technology and funds, it is not uncommon for some farm operators to buy ordinary agricultural and forestry products from local farmers and sell them as "organic food" at high prices, which has aroused market doubts. On the contrary, they follow the example of Europe, the United States, Japan and Taiwan Province Province, and carry out the concept of sustainable development in the whole architectural planning and design of the farm as a selling point.