Is the grassland described in the poem "The wind blows grass and cattle move low" Inner Mongolia?

The poem "Look at cattle and sheep when the wind blows" comes from Yuefu's poetry collection "Chile Song". There are three opinions about the specific location of Chilechuan mentioned in the poem:

1, in Shuozhou, Shanxi, Ningwu area.

2. Yinshan area in Inner Mongolia, including Dahe River Basin in Hohhot and Kundulun River Basin in Baotou.

3. In Tumochuan Plain of Inner Mongolia, that is, most of Tuyouqi in Baotou and a small part of Tuzuoqi in Hohhot.

Therefore, it cannot be said that the grassland scenery described in the poem must be the Inner Mongolia prairie.

source

Chilean Song —— Yuefu Poems

original text

Chilechuan at the foot of Yinshan Mountain.

The sky is like the sky, and the cage covers four fields.

The sky is gray and wild.

See cattle and sheep when the wind blows.

Translation 1

At the foot of Yinshan Mountain, there is a huge plain where Zile people live. The sky of Chilechuan, which is connected with the earth on all sides, looks like a felt tent where herders live.

Under the blue sky, the grassland green waves roll, the wind blows below the grass, and flocks of cattle and sheep appear and disappear.

Translation 2

The vast plain of Chile, just under the mountains thousands of miles away, is like a dome tent in the sky, boundless and covered with Yuan Ye in all directions.

The sky is blue and Yuan Ye is boundless. The wind blew, and the grass fell low, revealing many cattle and sheep that had been hidden in the grass.

Keyword annotation

Qile: A racial name. Qile lived in Shuozhou (now northern Shanxi Province) during the Northern Qi Dynasty.

Chilechuan: Sichuan: Pingchuan, Plain. Zile people live in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia today. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the area from Hetao Plain to Tumochuan was called Chilechuan.

Yinshan: In the north of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Qióng lú: A tent made of felt cloth, that is, a yurt.

Cage cover four fields (y m 4): cage cover, and the other version is "shrouded" (Hong Mai's Rongzhai Essays, Volume I, Hu Zai's Tiao Xi Yu Yin Cong Hua, Volume 31); Four fields, grasslands in all directions.

The sky is gray: gray: cyan. Pale and blue, the sky is pale and blue.

Vastness: a vast appearance.

See (xiàn): same as "present", revealing.

Creation background

The birth time of Chile Song and Yuefu Poems in Ancient Style is the Northern Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China's history. At this time, the north of the Yellow River basin is basically under the rule of Xianbei nationality, a minority nomadic people in China. Chile was called Dingling in Han Dynasty, Dili and Chile in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Tiele in Sui Dynasty. Because the wheels used are relatively high, it is also called a high car. According to the Sui Shu, Tiele is distributed in the eastern Duluo River (now Duluo River) and the western Caspian Sea (now Caspian Sea), belonging to East and West Turkistan. Among the fifteen Mobei novels, Xue Yantuo and Uighur are the most famous. At the end of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, there were two counties in Tiele in the east, and Yanran was the capital of the county. "

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Ding Ling, the ancestor of Zile, lived in Beihai (now Lake Baikal), with Xiongnu in the south and Wusun in the southwest. Xiongnu conquered many tribes during Morton Khan's reign, and Ding Ling was enslaved by Xiongnu like other surrounding tribes. Many Dingling people were captured by Xiongnu and became slaves of Xiongnu. From the end of the third century BC to the first century A.D., Ding Ling constantly waged armed struggle with the Huns. According to "History of the Huns", in 7 1 year BC, Huns Khan led troops to attack the Wusun people who lived in the upper reaches of the Ili River, and encountered heavy snow on their way back. Wu Huan, Wu Sun and Ding Ling, who were enslaved by Xiongnu at ordinary times, took the opportunity to attack Xiongnu and killed tens of thousands of tarquin people. Since then, the Xiongnu kingdom has declined, and all ethnic groups enslaved by the Xiongnu have got rid of the control of the Xiongnu.

After the middle of the first century, due to the internal struggle of the ruling class, the Huns were divided into two parts: the north and the south. In 87 AD, Ding Ling joined forces with the Southern Xiongnu, Xianbei and the Western Regions to attack the Northern Xiongnu, and the Northern Xiongnu was defeated and forced to move westward. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, except for most Dingling people who were still nomadic in Lake Baikal (this part of Dingling people was called North Dingling), some of them moved westward, nomadic in the Ili River Basin and Altai Mountain (this part of Dingling people was called West Dingling), and some Dingling people moved south. In today's Shanxi and Hebei, there are Dingzhou Dingling, Zhongshan Dingling and Northern Dingling. During the "Five Hus and Sixteen Countries" period, Dingling people participated in the scuffle between the rulers of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains. Later, this part of Dingling people gradually merged with other ethnic groups.

At the end of the Han Dynasty, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, many Dingling people moved south, so the rich southern desert area became a nomadic area for Chileans. Of course, most of the peppers remain in the original pasture. At that time, Chileans lived in nomadic areas east of Lake Baikal and west of tuul river and Altai Mountain. At that time, because Chileans were famous for making cars, the longest diameter of the wheels they made was about 1.4, which exceeded the height of local cattle and was almost the same as that of horses. This kind of high-wheeled vehicle can pass smoothly in areas with high grass, deep snow and swamp. So at that time, southerners called it a tall car. According to records, the Tiele tribe is widely distributed in nine areas in the north and south of the desert, with a total of 40 tribes with different names. The famous tribes are Fu, Hulu, Neighbourhood, Li, Li and Zandu. With the nomadic tribes in northern Chile becoming more and more powerful, it poses a threat to Rouran and the ruling class in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The ruling class of the Northern Wei Dynasty attacked various departments of Chileans many times, so many Chilean tribes joined the Northern Wei Dynasty one after another. At the beginning of the 5th century, the Northern Wei Dynasty migrated100000 pepper plants east of Lake Baikal to Monan. Make the animal husbandry in Monan area develop rapidly. Influenced by the Han culture, I gradually learned about agriculture. According to records, during the period of Wen Chengdi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were tens of thousands of people. The conference killed horses and sang songs, commonly known as never being here since the last life. " Such an unprecedented event, Chileans riding high cars and singing beautiful pastoral songs, is spectacular even today. Because Chileans were mainly living in Monan area at that time, they called Monan area "Chileanchuan". The famous Ci Yue Ge is a collection of Yuefu poems and ancient poems. It is an idyllic poem written in Xianbei language by Ci musicians in the Northern Qi Dynasty and later translated into Chinese.

Appreciation of works 1

This folk song outlines the magnificent and rich scenery of the northern grassland, and expresses the pride of Chileans who love their hometown and life. It has an open realm, magnificent timbre, clear language and strong artistic generalization.

"Chilechuan, under the Yinshan Mountain", the poem begins with a high-pitched tone and sings the natural characteristics of the north, which is unobstructed and boundless. These concise six words, bold and broad in style, show the strong character of the Chilean nation.

"The sky is like the sky, and the cage covers four fields." These two sentences come from the background above, saying that the picture is magnificent and the Amano is magnificent. At the same time, grasping the most typical characteristics of this national life, the singer drew a picture of the northern country with a pen like a rafter.

"The sky is grey, the wild is vast, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low." The two sentences "Heaven" and "Wilderness" are inherited, and the brushwork of description slightly overlaps, which contains a lyrical artistic conception. The author highlighted the vastness and remoteness of the sky, and the verdant and infinite of Yuan Ye with overlapping words. These two sentences show the broad mind and heroic character of nomadic people. The last sentence "seeing cattle and sheep at the slightest sign" is the crowning touch of the full text, which depicts a rich and happy scene.

This song has a distinct nomadic color and a strong grassland flavor. From language to artistic conception, it can be said that it is natural, its quality is straightforward and simple, and its meaning is really pure. There are no obscure sentences in the language, which express the heroic feelings of nomadic people in a simple and vivid way.

Appreciation of works ii

This is a folk song sung by Chileans, translated from Xianbei into Chinese. It praises the scenery of grassland and the life of nomadic people.

The first two sentences "Chilechuan, under the Yinshan Mountain" show that Chilechuan is located at the foot of the towering Yinshan Mountain, which sets off the grassland background very majestic. Then there are two sentences: "The sky is like a dome, and the cage covers four fields". Zile people use the "dome" in their own lives as a metaphor, saying that the sky is like a felt dome tent, covering all directions of the grassland, so as to describe the magnificent scene of the distant view and the connection between the wild and the wild. This kind of sight can only be seen on the grassland or at sea. The last three sentences, "The sky is grey, the wild land is boundless, the wind and grass are low, and the cattle and sheep are low", are a magnificent and vibrant panorama of the grassland. "When the wind blows grass, you can see cattle and sheep." A gust of wind bends the grass, exposing flocks of cattle and sheep, vividly depicting the scene of rich water and grass and fat cattle and sheep here. There are only twenty words in the whole poem, which shows a magnificent picture of the life of ancient herders in China.

This poem has a clear and generous style unique to the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties, with an open realm, a majestic tone, clear language and strong artistic generalization. Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said that the author of this folk song "hastily used strange words to cover up the truth" (The Inscription of the Valley, Volume 7). Because the author is very familiar with the life of grassland herders, he can grasp the characteristics at once without hard engraving, and the artistic effect is very good.