How to collect and arrange yearbook materials well

How to collect and arrange yearbook materials well

Information is the basis of compiling yearbooks and the indispensable raw material for all spiritual products. Having a large number of comprehensive and informative materials is the premise of compiling yearbook. Therefore, compiling a yearbook must be willing to spend a lot of effort and enough time to do this work. Especially after the yearbook items were basically drawn up, information work became the central work for a period of time.

Marx once pointed out that research must collect rich materials. In order to write Das Kapital, Marx read more than 1500 books, with more than 100 excerpts and notes. This is undoubtedly a very important instruction and template for our editors. The ancients said: Do not believe without warning. If you don't collect, identify and sort out the information first, compiling the yearbook is just empty talk. Without a lot of new materials, it is impossible to write a qualified new yearbook; Without a large number of comprehensive, accurate and typical new materials, it is difficult to write a high-level yearbook.

It is precisely because there are so many materials in the yearbook that we can get a glimpse of the development history of a place through the materials. Therefore, data is the life that sustains the yearbook. Success is also in data, and failure is also in data. In some yearbooks, incomplete data collection or misuse of some inaccurate data will not only affect the quality of yearbooks, but also have a negative impact. Therefore, doing a good job of information is of great significance to yearbook compilation and must be highly valued.

First, how to collect information.

Yearbook is a comprehensive work that reflects the politics, economy, culture, military, natural phenomena and natural resources of an administrative unit and a certain period in a certain style, and it is also a refined large-scale data set. Data collection is a key basic work. It must be carried out in a down-to-earth, planned and step-by-step manner, and any opportunism to save trouble is not desirable.

(A clear time, scope and classification of data collection.

1, data acquisition time. According to Laiban (2003) No.209 document, the upper and lower limits of compiling this yearbook are 1996 to 2003, and the time span is 8 years. So the time of data collection is also from 1996 to 2003. In other words, it is necessary to comprehensively, systematically and completely collect the work and related data completed by various units and departments in the past eight years. However, it should be pointed out that from 1996 to 2003, the relevant information and figures also included nine counties and one city in the original Liuzhou area. Laibin was listed on February 28, 2002, and it has only been more than a year now. If it is not handled clearly, the data and the situation will be easily confused, and the quality of the yearbook is not high. The processing of relevant information and figures should be collected separately. The situation and figures of Liuzhou area were from 1996 to 12 in 2002, and the data of these seven years were collected and compiled comprehensively. The information in 2003 was collected and compiled separately. In this way, the clues of data collection are clear, the context is clear, it is easy to write, and it is also a concrete manifestation of a high degree of responsibility for history.

2. Scope of data collection. The information collected in compiling the Yearbook is regional, timely and comprehensive. Regionality is to collect the local, that is, the geographical scope of the yearbook to be compiled. Predecessors attached great importance to this point, thinking that finding out the geographical boundaries is the premise of compiling yearbooks and should not be collected indiscriminately. Even if information from other regions is collected, it is only for reference or to provide this information. Periodicity refers to the collection of materials within the time limit stipulated in the yearbook style, and the selection is based on the principle of detail. However, the information about tracing back to the source and describing the evolution of reform can be extended to the beginning of regional construction, so it only needs to be mentioned briefly without taking up too much space. Comprehensiveness, or extensiveness, means that the data to be collected must include all aspects of local natural society and humanities, from astronomy to geography, including politics, economy, military affairs, education, science, culture, nationalities, religions, figures, dialects and places of interest. As long as the materials that are valuable for investigating natural and social development are within the scope of collection. It can be seen that the yearbook requires a wide range of information and rich content. As for the specific scope of solicitation, it can often be suggested by drafting a solicitation outline or an solicitation outline. The guest yearbook includes: basic information (overview), politics, people's congress, government, CPPCC, people's organizations, ethnic and religious affairs, personnel, organization establishment, civil affairs, foreign affairs, overseas Chinese, letters and visits, administrative examination and approval, agency affairs, legal system, military, urban construction, land and resources, environmental protection, industry, agriculture, transportation and information industry.

Management and supervision, intermediary management, culture, education, science and technology, health, sports, social life, county (city, district), people, local laws and regulations, appendix. And each item has a specific subtitle, which is also an outline for collecting data. Under the control of the outline, clear collection objectives, division of labor, progress, methods and priorities, so as to get twice the result with half the effort and avoid duplication, confusion and ineffective work.

3. Data type. Yearbook style is a project, one project at a time. There are comprehensive items and individual items. It is a great breakthrough to determine the scope and content of data collection by project. According to the source of data, it can be divided into three aspects: first, written records, second, oral data, and third, physical data; The second category includes four types: introductory materials and background materials, textual research materials and reference materials. Introductory materials are the main materials, while background materials, textual research materials and reference materials are all auxiliary materials. The recorded materials refer to all written materials written in the yearbook, which have been carefully selected and processed. This kind of data is also called topic data and factor data. This kind of information is comprehensive, systematic and complete, and must include five elements. That is: time (referring to the year, month, day and hour when things or events happened), place (exact place, sometimes with original name or current name), victim (what happened has a beginning and an end), person (name, gender, identity, position, not comrade, Mr. or Ms.), cause and result; Background information refers to historical conditions and realistic environmental information that play an important role in the occurrence, development and change of events. This kind of information is not used much, but it is very useful. Textual research materials are mainly used for textual research on some controversial major events or figures, and are generally not included in the book. For example, the origin of Qilinshan people requires on-the-spot investigation and reading relevant archives. Otherwise, we won't understand that Qilinshan people have been in the Paleolithic age for 20 thousand to 30 thousand years. There is also a legend that Yang Guifei is from Rong County, and there must be a lot of textual research data to prove it. Without textual research, it is impossible to draw accurate conclusions; Reference materials refer to materials for reference. Accounting materials and auxiliary materials complement each other.

(2) Before collecting data, we should properly handle the four dialectical relations.

1. The relationship between reliability and credibility. Reliability does not mean credibility, credibility must also be reliable. Reliability and credibility are two different concepts. Reliability means that data sources are well-founded and recorded correctly. Credibility is the result of data analysis, textual research and truth-seeking, and it is a higher level of data accuracy. Therefore, reliable information is not necessarily credible, but credible information must be based on facts and science, and can not be subjectively speculated or arbitrarily assumed. For example, in 1957, a county, a commune and a farmer owned 1. 12 mu of upland rice, with an yield of 2,756.3 kg per mu. The data comes from the archives of the autonomous region, with the investigation report of the joint investigation team of the county and prefectural committees at that time, which should be said to be more reliable. However, from the analysis of rice production level and variety characteristics in Guangxi at that time, this fact is lacking. Therefore, when collecting data, we should carefully and scientifically analyze the data, find problems, scrutinize and question, and conduct textual research and identification to make the data reliable, credible and accurate.

2. The relationship between comprehensiveness and typicality. The data should be comprehensive, complete, concise, typical and representative. On the whole, it means "no line vertically, no item horizontally". But not all information can be considered comprehensive and complete. Because the yearbook is limited in space, an entry with a title and description is 500- 1000 words. We should cherish ink as gold, highly concentrate and refine time and space, select typical, explanatory and representative things, show the general situation of one party and the track of historical development, and achieve the effect of "dripping water to see the sun". For example, when writing about cultivation techniques, it is often necessary to review them item by item from soil preparation and sowing to harvesting and processing to show comprehensiveness and completeness, and the results are similar to textbooks and popular science series. Another example is that some chapters do not need to list all previous meetings and published documents in chronological order to complete the information. You should choose materials closely related to the development and ups and downs of things to enter the book. For example, plant protection and various crop units all involve pests and diseases. These diseases and insect pests are typical of our frequent and heavy occurrence here, which is very representative. As for some small crops, the coverage area of pests and diseases is small, so make a brief description in their respective units. Comprehensive and typical data, it is inevitable that there will be no data overlap. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish primary and secondary data, delete and supplement them, and deal with them scientifically from different angles, so that the data can be properly attributed, which is in line with the integrity and typicality of each item.

3. The relationship between macro and micro. We should not only reflect the overall characteristics of data from a macro perspective, but also have specific data works from a micro perspective. Yearbooks should grasp the overall characteristics of places from a macro perspective, grasp the main line of ups and downs of things, and show the causal relationship and historical development of things, but at the same time, they also need micro-specific materials and statistical data to be meaningful. On the contrary, in the face of a sea of data, if we ignore the macro integrity and only pay attention to the description of micro things, similar historical compilation and statistical tables will appear, so that readers can only see the trees but not the forest. When compiling, we should grasp the overall pattern and highlight local characteristics. For example, fruits were once classified as cash crops (because fruits are indeed cash crops). Later, I felt that fruit is a great advantage of our place, with many kinds and rich contents. If it is only a chapter of cash crops, many important fruit trees will become festivals, which will not highlight the local advantages, but will also cause the imbalance of chapters. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade the fruit to a new level, on an equal footing with cash crops. It not only highlights the local characteristics on the macro level, but also provides appropriate space for the description of many important fruit trees on the micro level. Micro-description should also be measured to prevent triviality, reduce unnecessary charts, and summarize the description with concise words, which not only compresses the space, but also enhances readability.

4. The relationship between opinions and facts. To integrate viewpoints into facts and compile local chronicles, we should have certain positions and viewpoints, but we should seek truth from facts, keep our word and act with results. Therefore, you can't replace and render facts with opinions, but use facts to illustrate your opinions, use facts as data to speak, and incorporate your opinions into your notes. Then when describing something, we should consider whether it reflects a correct and scientific point of view. An example: tea. Item: During the Cultural Revolution, under the call of Dazhai, a movement to open up tea gardens in barren hills was launched. The masses are full of energy and enthusiasm, and the area of tea gardens in the whole region has jumped to 30 thousand hectares, the largest period in history. This record is true. What's the impression? Cultural Revolution? It promotes productivity. However, the true face of history is: the behavior of rushing headlong into action, not stressing science and blindly acting recklessly can not really promote the development of productive forces. Later, it was confirmed that 120 plants were planted at that time, and the remaining yield per mu was only 20-30 kg. 30,000 hectares of tea gardens have not achieved due benefits, and the formal area is not enough to represent the substantive development of productive forces. So this account was deleted. Sometimes in order to clarify the causal relationship, draw conclusions from the correct point of view? Make the finishing point? Summation is also possible. For example. Vegetables in the entry, During the Cultural Revolution, the rural policy was influenced by the "Left" thought, criticizing the members for commercializing private plots and cutting the crops planted on private plots as the "tail" of capitalism. Under the guidance of the one-sided understanding of the idea of "taking grain as the key link", most of the vegetable bases of various social teams have planted grain, and the vegetable area in the whole area has decreased sharply compared with before, which is 33.30008.00000000105. Although this passage is mixed with some opinions, it is logical to draw a sketch according to the actual background at that time to clearly reveal the main reasons for the sharp decrease in vegetable area.

(3) Before collecting data, we should do the following three things.

1. We should carefully study and design the items in the yearbook, and use the items to be fully responsible for the plan and outline of data collection. Laiban Document (2003) No.209 and Guest Yearbook 1996 ~2003 both stipulate the number of entries for each unit and department. Let me emphasize here that we don't understand you.

Work functions and tasks of this unit. Therefore, the provisions of the sub-items and sub-items, each unit can increase or decrease according to the actual situation, the problem is not big. For example, the propaganda department, what is a major event? Publicity? In the subtitle, we have. General situation, special publicity activities, spiritual study and publicity of the 16th National Congress, theoretical education, news and public opinion, ideological and political education, publicity and information research, external publicity, cadre team building, major activities, major initiatives and major achievements? Wait a minute. Some of these sub-items have been done and some have not. Therefore, it is necessary to increase or decrease the subtitle according to the actual situation. Some departments we only set up:? Overview, main work, major activities, major initiatives and major achievements? Subtitle, we really don't know what functions the department has completed. We can only set these subtitles for the reference of departments, but we can't do this when we form written materials or enter books. Entries should be set according to job functions and tasks. Before collecting information, authors need to know what their books are like, what genre they use, how many entries they set and what information they need. According to these projects, a data collection outline should be designed and formulated. Entries and information complement each other, and only with entries can the purpose and scope of information collection be clarified; Only by collecting information and research data can we find that the items in the preliminary design are not perfect, and then modify them according to the facts, and then supplement the information according to the modified items.

2, to unify the overall situation of the telegram, careful planning, clear compilation yearbook of all kinds of information specific requirements. The compilation of yearbook needs not only a large number of books, but also various background materials, textual research materials, reference materials and other auxiliary materials (which have been introduced earlier). The collection of data should be widely known and included in the collection plan to avoid omission.

3. Carry out investigation and study to find out the location and scope of information. That is, the source of information, make entries, make plans, and collect all kinds of information in a targeted manner. There are many sources of information, such as the archives of the unit, the archives of other units, libraries, archives, television, radio, newspapers, people's feelings and social organizations, and letters collection. These are all data sources, so we should do a good job of investigation and study, and carry out it in a planned and step-by-step manner.

Methods of collecting data

The above-mentioned data classification, four relationships to be handled well in data acquisition and three aspects to be done well before data acquisition all lay the foundation for data acquisition. How to collect information? Collecting information is easier said than done. In my personal experience, the method of collecting data should be carried out step by step under the guidance of the item framework after setting up the items. Before collecting data, first make it clear: 1, and collect data with the project as a clue (as mentioned above); 2, set up a data collection team, responsible for the division of labor, close cooperation. Of course, the team members are experts in the unit. If there is not enough manpower, retired cadres can be hired to participate in the collection and sorting. For example, the Municipal Price Bureau hired an old secretary who retired early from Xingbin District Records Office to take charge of this work. The Municipal Audit Bureau hired several retired old leaders to take charge of this work. These old comrades have a certain knowledge of writing, rich experience and are willing to do it. That's killing two birds with one stone. 3、

Hold various symposiums, publicize the relevant information collected, and listen to the opinions of insiders and parties. 1996 to 2003, the time span is as long as eight years. There is no symposium, no interviews with parties and insiders, and the information collected is incomplete, which is prone to mistakes, omissions and forgetfulness. This will affect the quality of books; 4. From the near to the far, from the easy to the difficult, select the right entry point and expand the breakthrough point of data collection. Collect easy information first, check the unit file first, and extract it; The fourth is to send a letter to the relevant units asking them to help collect or provide clues. Eight years of vicissitudes, personnel changes. Some people have been transferred from their original units, some parties have returned to their original places, and some materials need to be verified. You must write to others to help provide them. To broaden the channels for collecting data, we should consult the archives of relevant units in addition to the units. Investigate and collect in libraries, archives and scientific research units. Attention should also be paid to the use of various information provided by newspapers, radio and television in recent years, and to the collection of news reports, special comments, follow-up investigations on hot issues and special reports; 5. Do a good job of data feedback. People, events, important data, etc. After the written materials are formed, they should be fed back to the parties for comments, supplemented and modified to make the collected materials more comprehensive, complete and accurate, and can be included in the book.

Normally speaking, the methods of collecting data are as follows: first, consult files, organize forces to copy and consult them, and write them into information cards for emergencies; The second is to investigate and visit, and make records, recordings and videos; The third is to send a letter for it; The fourth is prose collection, which collects cultural relics, books, manuscripts, newspapers and periodicals scattered in society; Fifth, establish publications, or newsletters or data series, mobilize the masses to write articles and provide clues in many ways.

What should we do to collect information? Three combinations? : What is that? Hiroshi? With what? Special? Combination; Combining file retrieval with access; The compilation of history is combined with the compilation of fragments, which is spread out layer by layer and drawn from all hands. At the same time, the following aspects can also be adopted: 1, all relevant units communicate in advance, provide each other with information catalogue indexes, and cooperate with each other to improve work efficiency;

2. when collecting data, pay attention to the distance before the near, the inside before the outside, the first? Live broadcast? After (information)? Die? (information) these three provisions on priority; 3. Organize scientific management and utilization in time after data collection, make unified planning and exchange needed goods. The so-called first far and then near, that is, looking for rare early information first; First inside and then outside, that is, first clean up the documents and files of the department and the region; Live first and then die, that is, save the living materials first.

What are the conditions for data collection to be basically completed? 1, the information to be consulted, as far as possible; 2. Copy the copied file as much as possible; 3. The word-of-mouth of the visit was visited as much as possible; 4. Explore as many places as possible. From the content, 1, vertical continuous line; 2. There is no shortage of goods; 3. The textual research is accurate; 4, distinctive.

Second, how to organize information.

After collecting a lot of data, it is necessary to process and sort out these data and compile them into a book, which involves the problem of data sorting. Data collation is very important. After collecting data, there are three things to do.

(A) the four principles of organizing data

We should be good at identifying and selecting information, rather than grasping our eyebrows and beards. I am not good at identifying information and want to grasp everything. As a result, I received a lot of information, but it was of little use. What is more serious is the misuse of some inaccurate information, which leads to the low quality of the yearbook. Therefore, in the selection of materials, we should grasp the following four principles: first, among similar materials, we should choose the most authentic and authoritative. For example, collecting various numbers. To find out the source of these figures, it is best not to use figures of unknown origin. Everyone has a source, but the source is different. One is the temporary statistics of the employer, and the other is the statistics of the statistics department. There is a difference between the two, so we should choose the statistical department, because the statistical data of the statistical department is obtained through comprehensive balance, which belongs to the overall situation and has high reliability; Second, the same information, new and old, comes from the same department, but the two statements are different and contradictory, so we should choose the figures of the last year; Third, among the numerous materials, there are original first-hand materials, indirect second-hand and third-hand materials. In this case, we should choose the original first-hand materials. Because indirect data are often distorted and stale after repeated transcription and use; Fourth, in the selection of materials, we should also consider the needs of yearbook compilation, and purposefully choose the typical and universal ones with the most local characteristics to improve the quality of yearbooks more effectively.

(B) the method of data extraction

Transcribing data must be meticulous and there can be no mistakes. Data is collected from all directions, and a considerable part of it comes from various files, books and newspapers.

Copy bit by bit, and you will make mistakes if you are not careful; Misuse of wrong information can also lead to bad consequences. Ensure the quality of data collection; First, we should copy the information on special cards, one thing and one card; Second, the extracted materials should be faithful to the original text and should not be deleted or modified by themselves. After copying, they should also check the original text. If there are mistakes in the original text, you can add notes to them. Third, there are several versions of the same thing, so we should copy them separately, and several versions should coexist, so we can't choose one at will; Fourth, be sure to indicate the source and information source, including the title, author, edition, number of pages, collection unit, etc. Fifth, the interview materials passed from mouth to mouth should indicate the name, age, identity and address of the interviewee.

(3) data collation

After the data is collected to a certain extent, it is necessary to sort it out. There are several steps to organize the data: 1, number registration; 2. Card classification; 3. Data compilation. The purpose of sorting is to check the breadth and depth of the received information, and then supplement it in time as needed; Second, it is easy to keep and use. There are many ways to register and sort out information, generally there are two: book registration and card registration. The so-called book registration refers to the books registered by classification according to the information situation, such as information registration book, document registration book, word-of-mouth registration book and physical registration book. The classification method can be classified according to the data required by the item, can be classified according to the time sequence, and can be classified according to the theme of the data. The so-called card registration is a card registration method, similar to a library card. In this way, data can be implanted.

Categories are more finely divided and easier to find.

(4) Information publicity

Promote the information in this book. Such as people, major events in the newspaper publicity, indicating the deadline, in order to facilitate social supervision, reduce mistakes in compiling books.

(5) Make a long compilation of materials.

Write a long compilation of information. This is the last step in the data collection phase. The so-called long-term compilation of data is to screen and verify the collected original data, classify them according to the yearbook items, and then follow the? Write the story vertically? Principle, in chronological order, systematically sort out the data, and indicate the source and provenance of each data one by one. It is not a general compilation of materials, but according to the requirements of the content, the materials entered into the book are positioned one by one in an orderly manner, and accordingly they are seated accordingly. Therefore, the long compilation of information is actually the prototype of the yearbook. The advantages of compiling a long data collection are: first, it makes the data work more perfect. The requirements of the yearbook are: complete and informative. From beginning to end, it looks ups and downs, and the context is clear; Looking horizontally, it is a small face, reflecting the essence. Only by putting the information in the correct position one by one can we see whether the information we collected is complete and informative and remedy the lack of information in time. Writing data is a comprehensive arrangement and inspection of data, which not only improves the data, but also digests the data; Second, with a long time of material sorting, you don't have to look for original material when writing, which makes writing work fast and good; Third, writing long materials is conducive to the overall compilation, review, revision and publication of the yearbook; Fourth, we can give full play to the role of historical materials.

There are three kinds of long materials: one is to sort out the records of original materials according to yearbook items and time sequence; The second is to further process and sort out the original data and arrange them according to items; Third, writing according to the editor's point of view and language, and indicating the source of information, is actually close to the first draft. Under modern conditions, the history and present situation of any major, department and discipline are full of information, and the information to be collected ranges from several million words to 10 million to 20 million words. How to condense such rich information into a manuscript of 300,000 to 400,000 words is very particular. Although the yearbook is an informative book, it is not a simple compilation or compilation of original materials, but an informative work. It requires editors to possess and digest the data in detail, and make a rigorous, scientific and systematic description in their own language on the basis of being faithful to the original intention of the data. Based on the characteristics of yearbook, to turn a large number of materials into yearbook, there must be a scientific working method and procedure, that is, a long compilation of materials.

First of all, data work can be done for a long time, there is always data to be collected, and we can't always soak in the data collection stage. But what is a complete data collection? The number of words in the material and the number of cards made separately cannot be used as standards. This depends on the arrangement of a long list of materials: first, put the collected materials on the cards in different categories, sit them in the right position according to the established yearbook entries, and check whether there are any missing items or broken lines; The history and present situation of each project, and whether the information is complete;

The ups and downs of the development of things, whether the stages and regularity are clear, and whether the causal relationship is obvious; Talk about coexistence or some legendary word-of-mouth materials, and do some identification and textual research. After the data is compiled into a long version, it will be clear how the data work is progressing and whether it can be compiled into a book.

Secondly, when we have mastered the materials, we must sort and process them, digest and ruminate them, so as to turn the dead materials into living materials, so as to grasp and understand the materials, realize the leap from perceptual to rational, take the overall situation into consideration, and compile books smoothly. Otherwise, in the face of a lot of messy information, it is bound to be sloppy and irrelevant. Even if you check tens of thousands of cards, it is too much, and it is thankless. Doing data editing for a long time can completely avoid the above disadvantages. Because the information is sorted, sorted, summarized and described, it forms a long version, and then it is compiled into a book, which is a matter of course. Doing a good job of writing long materials, the yearbook writing task is half completed, which is indeed an experience.

Thirdly, the quality of the yearbook ultimately depends on whether the information is true and reliable and whether it is scientific and systematic. This requires us to carefully research and identify all the data before compiling the yearbook, so as to get rid of the rough and the fine, and to get rid of the false and keep the true. Doing data editing for a long time includes this process. Materials selected as long-form editors generally have to be identified and selected to have real historical value. The ambiguous materials should be verified by various methods. For the legend passed down from mouth to mouth, we should be especially careful and verify it as much as possible to ensure accuracy and reliability. Basic data should be rich and refined, background data is indispensable, and textual research data coexist. Long-term data using first-hand information, supplementary second-hand and third-hand information when necessary. The compilation of long-term data processed in this way provides a reliable basis for compiling yearbooks.

Doing long compilation of data is the successful experience of predecessors. In particular, the compilation of such voluminous information works as yearbook needs to be persisted. Doing a good job of long-form compilation of materials is an important link and necessary stage of yearbook compilation, and it is a successful experience that conforms to the law of yearbook compilation. It should be understood as the so-called long-term editing? Time-consuming and laborious , is the need to sort out the identification data, is the need to compile the yearbook. Therefore, this is not ineffective labor, but the scientific method and procedure of yearbook compilation.