From 1997 to 20 14, what are the characteristics of China's tourism development?

First of all, tourism is comprehensive. Tourism is a comprehensive large-scale industry integrating travel, transportation, housing, eating, shopping and entertainment, and its comprehensiveness is determined by the comprehensiveness of tourism activities. With this comprehensive feature, the same tourist destination must implement industry-wide management of tourism.

Secondly, tourism is economical. The fundamental purpose of developing tourism is to obtain economic benefits, and tourism itself is composed of many profit-making and independent accounting economic organizations, such as travel agency industry, accommodation industry represented by hotels, passenger transport industry and so on. Therefore, economy is the most fundamental attribute and the core and essence of tourism.

Thirdly, tourism is a service industry. The labor service provided by tourism for tourists is a special commodity that can be exchanged. This special commodity has the same use value as general commodities, and the process of producing this special commodity is service.

Fourth, tourism dependence. We understand the dependent characteristics of tourism, and we should make it clear that it is a sensitive and fragile industry, and it is also an industry with certain risks. If a country or region regards it as the only economic pillar, once there is a huge fluctuation, the consequences will be unimaginable.

Fifth, tourism drives. Only in this way can we promote the development of other industries that directly or indirectly provide services for tourists. So one industry is prosperous and all industries are prosperous.

Sixth, tourism is export-oriented. Modern tourism is a cross-regional and cross-border extensive interpersonal activity with obvious extroversion or foreign-related nature.

Seventh, tourism is seasonal. The seasonality of tourism in a country or region is closely related to the tourism activities in that country or region and is determined by the seasonality of tourism activities. However, visiting cultural tourism resources is generally not limited by seasons. Second;

China's tourism industry mainly uses foreign capital and social funds, with little input from the state and governments at all levels. Even so, tourism, as an economic industry, has become one of the most dynamic emerging industries in the national economy and has had an important impact on economic and social development.

(1) Tourism is highly relevant and comprehensive, involving dozens of departments of the national economy. It can't be surrounded by walls and penetrate into all regions and industries. Tourism not only depends on many other industries, but also promotes and drives the economic development of many related industries and regions. In particular, tourism is a labor-intensive industry with large employment capacity, which is of great significance to China's economic development and social stability.

(2) Tourism is not only the beneficiary of reform and opening up, but also the promoter of reform and opening up. Many foreign business guests first enter China as tourists to observe and understand China, and then engage in trade and investment activities.

So, what is the development of China's tourism industry?

In the 1950s and 1960s, China National Tourism Administration was established, which was under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At that time, it was entirely out of diplomatic needs, and the tourist reception activities were mainly aimed at groups and friendly people in friendly countries, providing them with convenient ways of non-governmental exchanges. Although China Travel Agency and Fujian Xiamen Overseas Chinese Service Agency were established as early as 1949+0 1, before the Cultural Revolution, China's international tourism reception was basically a "political reception" mode, which made little contribution to the national economy.

1978- 1987, China's tourism industry is in its infancy and has changed from "foreign affairs reception" to economic foreign exchange earning. Its characteristic is that there is no marketization, it belongs to planned quota, the demand exceeds the supply, and foreign affairs promote internal affairs.

1978 The number of inbound tourists was only18.09 million, and the foreign exchange income from tourism was only $263 million, ranking 4 1 in the world. China's tourism industry is basically a blank sheet of paper. Under this background, Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed to actively develop China's tourism industry from the perspective of comprehensive utilization of resources and economic industry. At that time, he also calculated an account: if a traveler receives10 million travelers, he can earn10 billion dollars. Driven by his active advocacy and the reform and opening-up policy, especially the declaration of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee on "opening to the outside world and invigorating the economy at home", it means that citizens can freely enter and leave at their own expense, and China's tourism industry began to rise in the late 1970s.

Tourism service is a combination of hardware and software. To develop tourism, we must first grasp the basic links of transportation, housing, transportation, eating, shopping and entertainment. 1978- 1984, the hardware conditions for domestic tourism reception are not yet available. If the flight is seriously abnormal, sometimes the assistance of the air force is needed.

The hotel industry is the earliest open industry in China, whether introducing foreign capital or introducing foreign management experience, such as Beijing Jianguo Hotel and Great Wall Hotel. In the early 1980s, the experience of Jianguo Hotel was popularized throughout the country. In the mid-1980s, there were both wholly foreign-owned hotels, a large number of foreign-managed hotels and foreign-funded hotel chains in China. Therefore, the hotel is superior to other enterprises in the whole tourism industry in management level. Xi 'an Hotel, built in 1982, is the first tourist hotel in Xi 'an. In the 1980s, hotels mushroomed, and hotel investment was blind, resulting in a serious surplus.

From 1987 to now, the tourism industry is in a stage of rapid development, which has experienced the development process from single inbound tourism to inbound tourism and domestic tourism, and then to inbound tourism, domestic tourism and outbound tourism. The proportion of tourism in the national economy has gradually increased, and tourism has become an economic industry with considerable scale. It is characterized by the gradual maturity of the market, fierce competition and oversupply.

In today's society, tourism has become a gradually popular way of life, which not only exercises physical and mental health, but also enriches our experience and promotes the economic development of the motherland. Of course, there are still many related problems in China's tourism industry, which need the unremitting efforts of generations of tourists and tourists!