The life, works and opinions of Su Shi and Lu You.

Su Shi (103765438+1October 8-1August 24), with the word Zizhan and the word Hezhong, was called "Dongpo layman" by the world. Han nationality, from Luancheng, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan City, Northern Song Dynasty). A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative of the unrestrained poets. His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting.

His father, Su Xun, was the "Sue" mentioned in The Amethyst at the age of 27. Su Xun worked hard, although he worked very late. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, if Su Xun didn't study hard, Su Shi couldn't get a good tutor when he was a child, let alone "learning the history of classics is a thousand words a day", and it is even more impossible to have literary achievements in the future. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment. However, Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought that it was written by disciple Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is commonly called "three-year Beijing Examination", and won the third place in "the first in a hundred years", and awarded the judge of Fengxiang Prefecture in Dali the qualification of judging bookmarks. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, and because of his conservative political thoughts, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach to politics and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general. From then on, Su Shi misunderstood Wang Anshi and other reformists all his life. Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places.

Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people. Su Shi

This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems, and made a big fuss in the name of satirizing the new law. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law and networking "slandering the monarch", which is known in history as the Wutai Poetry Case. Su Shi was imprisoned 103 days and was on the verge of beheading several times. Thanks to the national policy of not killing literati during the Mao period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is rather humble and has no real power. At this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this campaign. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a sloping land in the east of the city to help make a living. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man". In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away. The young Zhezong ascended the throne, the empress dowager listened to politics, the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. Mr. Scheeren was promoted to power, and three months later, he was promoted to Mr. Scheeren in Zhongshu, and soon he was promoted to imperial academy (the secretary who drafted the imperial edict for the emperor). Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor. So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway". Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. But soon, Yingzhou was released because of political disagreement. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again and was demoted to Huiyang (now Huizhou, Guangdong). Then, Su Shi was exiled to Danzhou (now Hainan) farther away. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishing Hainan was only a lighter punishment than copying others. After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Zhou Shuan for permanent resettlement and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned and restored to the classical style. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou, posthumous title. At the age of 66.

Chronology of life

1036: Su Shi was born on December 19th, 2003 1054: Married to Wang Fu 1057:2 1 : 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00. In the first year of Zongshen Xining-the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068 ~ 1086), she married Wang Runzhi (Wang Fu's cousin) on 1069. He has been supervising the Museum of History 107 1 year; Ren Hangzhou was sentenced to 1074, aged 38, Mizhou Taishou 1076, aged 40, Xuzhou Taishou 1079, aged 43, and Huzhou Taishou; 1080 imprisoned Huangzhou, 1084 served as deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yong ying, 1085 went to Changzhou; Ren Dengzhou satrap; To Kyoto; Ren Zhongshu Scheeren Zhezong (1086 ~ 1 100) was appointed as Hangtaishou in the reign of Empress Yuan You (1085 ~ 1093), and 1086 was appointed as a bachelor of Hanlin. To Kyoto; Ren Yingzhou Taishou 1092 Ren Yangzhou Taishou; Department of War History; 1093 wife's funeral; The queen mother died; Adjust the county magistrate; Commander of Hebei Military Region 1094 was demoted to Huizhou; Exile Huizhou 1097 to Hainan; Hui Zong (1101~126) lived in Danzhou, Hainan, and the empress dowager was in power (1100)1/. Go to Changzhou; Jianzhong Jingguoyuan died on July 28th at the age of 66+0 102, that is, he was buried in Shangruili, Diaotai Township, Tancheng, Ruzhou in June of the first year of Chongning.

Selected poems of Su Shi: 1 chibi fu, 2 post-chibi fu, 3 episodes, 4 first time out of Yingkou, It's the night when I arrived in Shouzhou in May. 6 Haitang 7 missed He Ziyou Mianchi 8 Yan You Tan Qing 9 Huaying 10 night view of the riverside (this poem was written for the author Su Shi to watch the painted night view of the riverside) 0 13 March 29th 14 Shangyuan 15 Shi Zui Mo Tang. On the 20th day of the first month, people from the county, Pan, Gu and Guo, sent people to send jade to the East Temple. It suddenly occurred to me that last year was the same day I went to Queenstown to write poems, which was the rhyme of the past. 27 Klang Ganzhou (sending several children), 28 divination operators (hanging trees without a moon), 29 Liang Zhu (flowers are red, green and apricot are small), 30 Liang Zhu (remembering to see the screen for the first time), 3 1 Liang Zhu (Mizhou) 34 "Shui Long Yin, the second rhyme Zhang Zifu Huayang Ci" 35 "Dong Xiange (Dong Xiange) 39 Huanxisha (painting a falcon crossing the river and wishing to revisit it) 40 Huanxisha (seeing Mei Ting off as a party official) 43 Huanxisha (drizzling with a slight cold wind) 44 Huanxisha (meaning) 45 Huanxisha (seeing fish in deep red, 46 magnolia flowers (spring moon), 47 magnolia flowers (empty bed ringing) Hunting in Mizhou (Old People Talk About Teenagers) "5 1 Jiangchengzi (Endless Missing on the Horizon)" 52 Jiang Maoyi recalled his dream on the 20th day of the first month (ten years' life and death) 53 Linjiang Xianzi (drinking Dongpo at night and getting drunk again) 54 (from Jianghan to the west) 55 (Qingying to the east) 56 Man (thirty-three years) 57 Magnolia Decree (57) 62 Nanxiangzi (sending ancient stories) 63 Nian Nujiao (nostalgia for the ancient Red Cliff) 64 Qinyuanchun (solitary pavilion with green lights) 65 Qinyuanchun (love) 69 Whistle (bending down to eat) 70 Shuidiao (sunset embroidered curtain) 7 1 Shuidiao (when is the bright moon) 72 Youqing 73 Yulouchun 74 Night Tour

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Luyou (1125165438+1October1210 65438+1October 26) Patriotic poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, who wrote dozens of anthologies such as Selected Poems of Jiannan and Selected Poems of Weinan, are known as "10,000 in 60 years", and there are still more than 9,300, making them the most existing poets in China.

The life of the character

Lu You (A.D./KOLOC-0//KOLOC-0/25—A.D./KOLOC-0/2/KOLOC-0/0) was born in Yin Shan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Born in 1 125,

Lu You studied tirelessly since he was a child. 12 years old, can write poetry. Received a profound patriotic education in the life experience of suffering from chaos. At the age of 20, she married Tang Wan and was forcibly separated by her mother. This kind of emotional pain lasts for a lifetime, and the famous works such as Hairpin Phoenix and Shenyuan are all for this reason. In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 153), he went to Lin 'an to take the exam as the first place, and Qin Gui Sun Qinyu came second. Qin Gui was furious and wanted to take the exam. Twenty-four years (A.D. 1 154), I took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and the examiner once again ranked Lu You ahead of Qin Yu, but Qin Gui fired me. In the 28th year (A.D. 1 158), Qin Gui died, and Lu You became the master book of Ningde County in Fuzhou. In the thirty-second year (A.D. 1 162), Xiaozong ascended the throne, taking Lu You's good words as the seal, knowing allusions and giving him a scholar background. He has served as editor, editor, censor, judge, appeaser, senator and magistrate of the Privy Council. In the second year (A.D. 1 175), Lu You was invited to Fan Chengda Zhenshu as a Senate officer. In the fifth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 178), Lu You's poems became more and more famous and were summoned by Xiaozong, but they were not really reused. Xiaozong only sent him to Fuzhou and Jiangxi for two official missions to promote Changping tea and salt. In the autumn of six years (A.D. 1 179), Lu You promoted tea and salt business from Changping, Fujian, went to Jiangnan West Road to ask Lang to promote tea and salt business, and went to Fuzhou in December. On the one hand, he used a lot of energy to deal with all kinds of disputes and lawsuits caused by the bankruptcy of tea salt households after the official sale of tea salt, and forced them to take private sales and make trouble to resist; On the other hand, he wrote to the imperial court, advocating severe punishment of illegal officials who levied high tea salt taxes on tea salt households and took the opportunity to collect a large number of people's fat paste. In the seventh year of Xichun (A.D. 1 180), there was a drought in Fuzhou. There were heavy rains and flash floods in May, and there were no large fields and villages. The flood rushed to the gate of Fuzhou, and the people were hungry and trapped. Lu you paid close attention to the development of the disaster and wrote: "Jiahe is like burning barnyard grass, so worried that he wants to forget his life." Jun Tianjiu played the poem "Xiao Shaole failed to reach the sound of rain on the empty eaves", and at the same time, he played "Allocating charity warehouses to help the people in all counties". Before obtaining the consent of the Southern Song government, he first allocated food from Yicang to the disaster area to relieve the hunger of the victims, then invited them to allocate food, ordered it to be distributed to local officials in Jiangxi, and visited Chongren, Fengcheng and Gao 'an to inspect the disaster situation. This move harmed the interests of the court. 1 1 month, he was recalled to Beijing to stand by. More than 100 prescriptions collected from the official tour before the trip were carefully selected, compiled into "Successive Prescriptions" and engraved into a book, which was left to the people of Jiangxi to express his heart for the people. On the way, Zhao Ru was disintegrated by the incident and was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown on charges of "ultra vires". After Lu You lived at home for 6 years, I asked the doctor to know Yanzhou (now Meicheng Town, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province) in the spring of the 13th year (A.D. 1 186). The official went to Mo Bao Tinghou System, was promoted to Weinan Bo, and was later knighted. Unexpectedly, he was dismissed on the charge of "ultra vires" and returned to his hometown. In the fifteenth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 188), Lu You left his post in Yanzhou and returned to China. Soon, he was called to Lin 'an as a military attache. The following year (A.D. 1 189), Guangzong ascended the throne and was appointed as a doctor of the DPRK. So he even wrote to persuade the court to reduce taxes. As a result, he was impeached and dismissed from office again on charges of "mocking romantics". After that, Lu You lived in the countryside for a long time and died on December 29th (AD 12 10 65438+ October 26th).

Poetry can be roughly divided into three periods:

The first period is from adolescence to middle age (46 years old), with the longest period but the least number of works, about 200, because Lu You deleted and eliminated his early works. The second period is 46-54 years old, with more than 2,400 poems. During this period, due to the deepening of military life, the poetic style became bold and magnificent, and the patriotic thought was further enhanced. The maturity and richness of poetry creation in this period established his lofty position as a generation of literati. The third period is from seclusion to death, with 6500 existing poems. The large number is because he was eliminated in his later years. During this period, there were many contacts with farmers, the official sea was ups and downs, and the age was high, and the style changed to Qingyuan's pastoral style and desolate life feeling. However, even though the poetic style has changed three times, his poems are still full of strong patriotic feelings, which is his greatest feature and the reason for his immortality. There are other works that are relatively dull, beautiful and even absurd (there are hundreds of poems about dreams in the collection of poems), but that is a minority. Guan Shanyue, Book Wrath, Jin Cuodao, Peasant Sigh, Huangzhou and Long Songs are all his representative works. In addition, it is also a ci, its beauty is similar to that of Qin Guan, its quickness is similar to that of Su, and its coolness is similar to that of Xiao Xin and Xiao Xin. Among them, the most famous ones are Confessions (when Wanli wanted to seal Hou) and Don't Be Yongmei. His literary theory also has a considerable influence. He thinks that poetry and prose are sharp tools to vent people's depressed emotions, and he also advocates maintaining a mental state for work. Shizi is the last poem left in his poetic career.

List of works

Poems of Nanbo, 85 volumes, Selected Works of Weinan, 50 volumes, Fang Weng's Legacy, 2 volumes, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, 18 volumes, Notes of Old Learning Temple, 80 volumes, etc. Other works include: Explaining Weng's Family Instructions, Old Family Events, etc. "Blowing a flute and getting drunk in a red chamber" Author: Lu You said there is a big Kyushu besides Kyushu. This statement is true, but it worries me. When you are upset, you should also drink a lot of wine. My wine will make the galaxy flow. Have a drink on a glass boat and have a feast on the twelfth floor of the five cities. The sky is a blue curtain, the moon is a white jade hook, and the weaver girl weaves Qingyun and cuts it into five-color fur. It is difficult for guests to eat wine in fur, but it is difficult for Beichen to pay tribute for a long time. Drink for 500 years and get drunk for 300 years. However, he drives a Bai Fenghuang and plays Xuanzhou with Magu. Jinjiang plays the flute more than once. You should stay after Jiannan.

Reference: /view/2370.htm# 1

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