Where is kangding city, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province?

belongs to: kangding city, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Kangding County is located in the east of Ganzi Prefecture. 29 39' ~ 3 45 _ N, 11 33 _ ~ 12 38 _ E. It borders Baoxing, Tianquan, Luding and Shimian counties in the east, Jiulong and Muli counties in the south, Yajiang county in the west and Xiaojin, Danba and daofu county in the north. It is 14 kilometers from east to west and 18 kilometers from north to south, covering an area of 11,422.75 square kilometers.

Kangding is an important historical city in western China. In ancient times, it was a Qiang land: Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms were called "arrow-shooting furnaces", and Tang belonged to Tubo; Yuan home XuanFu department; The Xuanwei Department was set up in Ming Dynasty, and the Arrow Furnace Hall was set up in the seventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1729). In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (198), Kangding House was changed; Xikang province was established in 1939, with Kangding as its capital; Kangding was liberated in March 195 and has been the capital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province ever since. A song "Love Song of Kangding" made Kangding famous at home and abroad.

At the end of p>199, there were 96,687 people, including 34,31 urban people and 62,386 rural people. There are 54,149 Tibetans, 4,52 Han, 883 Hui and 31 Yi, and the rest are Mongolian, Miao, Zhuang, Buyi, Manchu, Yao, Bai, Tujia and Naxi.

it was a Qiang land in ancient times. Shenli County, han li. Sui is a good place. The northeastern part of Tang County belongs to Yazhou, such as Nakagawa and Huiye. The west was recorded in Tubo. Song Jizhi. Yuan set up a long Hexi fish pass Ningyuan Xuanwei Department. In the 12th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1639), Gushi Khan set up camp officers in Muya. In 171, in the 42nd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, after the Qing army put down the rebellion at Guanchang side of Muyaying, it re-established the Xuanwei Department of Yutong Ningyuan in Hexi of Mingzhengchang (hereinafter referred to as "Mingzheng Tusi"). In the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733), an arrow furnace hall was set up, and Tongzhi was set up. In the 29th year of Guangxu (193), it was promoted to Zhili Hall, and it was transferred to Jianchang Road. In the 34th year (198), it was changed to Kangding House. In 2 years (1913), Kangding County was established, belonging to the Chuanbian Special Administrative Region. In 1935, the Red Army's Long March passed through the county, and established Soviet governments in Jintang, and established township Soviet governments in Kongyu, Xinhe, Pengta, Sanhe, Maibeng and Qianxi. In 28 years (1939), Xikang was established as a province, and Kangding was established as the provincial capital. In 195, it belonged to Xikang Tibetan Autonomous Region; Kangding is the resident of Xikang Tibetan Autonomous Region People's Government. In 1955, it belonged to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, and Kangding was still the resident of the state capital. In 199, the county administered 7 districts, 24 townships, 1 town, 24 villages, 254 villagers' groups, 1 neighborhood committees and 57 residents' groups. The county government is located in Furnace Town, 366 kilometers away from Chengdu, the provincial capital.

the name of the county comes from Kangding, a Chinese name, and it is named because it means "Kang" to the east of Danda Mountain, which means "Kang and stability". In Tibetan, Kangding is called "more discount", which means the intersection of Daqu (Yala River) and Zhequ (Zheduo River). The old history was translated as "frying furnace", and later translated as "arrow furnace", referred to as furnace city.

Kangding county is rich in natural resources. On the land of 11,458.5 square kilometers, the proven mineral resources include gold, silver and lead. The potential value of mineral resources is more than 1 billion yuan. There are more than 3 kinds of wild animals, and more than 4 kinds of national first-class and second-class protected animals, such as giant panda, clouded leopard, white-lipped deer and red panda. In the dense forest where rare plants such as spruce and fir grow, there are rich precious Chinese herbal medicines such as Cordyceps, velvet antler, Fritillaria, gastrodia elata and musk. There are many rivers in Kangding, and the water resources centered on Dadu River are 3.34 million kilowatts, which can be developed.

physical geography

Kangding county is located in the east of Ganzi prefecture. 29 39' ~ 3 45 _ N, 11 33 _ ~ 12 38 _ E. It borders Baoxing, Tianquan, Luding and Shimian counties in the east, Jiulong and Muli counties in the south, Yajiang county in the west and Xiaojin, Danba and daofu county in the north. It is 14 kilometers from east to west and 18 kilometers from north to south, covering an area of 11,422.75 square kilometers.

Kangding county is located in the transition zone between the mountains on the western edge of Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The terrain slopes from west to east.

Kangding county is located in the transition zone between the mountains on the western edge of Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The terrain slopes from west to east. Haizi Mountain, Zheduo Mountain and Gongga Mountain in the middle section of Daxue Mountain run through the county from north to south, and the others are divided into two parts: the east and the west, and the east is a mountain canyon, with most peaks above 5, meters. Gongga Mountain, the "first peak in abundance", is on the southeast edge of the county, with an altitude of 7,556 meters and a canyon height difference of more than 3,5 meters. The west and northwest are hilly plateau and high mountain and deep valley areas.

Gongga Mountain

Gongga Mountain is located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, at the boundary between Kangding and Luding counties in Sichuan Province. It is the main peak of the Great Snow Mountain in Hengduan Mountains, with an altitude of 7556 meters, 141.8 degrees east longitude and 29.6 degrees north latitude. It is the first peak in Sichuan Province and is known as the "king of mountains".

Gongga Mountain is composed of a huge diorite granite intrusion with tight structure and hard texture. Under the long-term freezing and weathering all year round, it is steep and difficult to climb. As far as the eye can see, Gongga Mountain looks like a huge pyramid, standing on the peaks, tall, steep and magnificent.

Gongga Mountain is one of the most developed glaciers in China. Hundreds of glaciers cover an area of 3 square kilometers, of which Hailuogou Glacier is 3 kilometers long, covers an area of 22 square kilometers and has an altitude of 3,5 meters. It is a rare low-altitude glacier in the world. The landform of Gongga Mountain is complex, the vertical distribution of bioclimate zone is clear, and animals and plants grow well.

Gongga Mountain is a scenic spot for mountaineering exploration and alpine tourism.

around Gongga Mountain, there are more than 2 peaks with an altitude of over 5, meters. Among them, the elevation of Zhongshan Peak is 6886 meters, that of Aidejia Peak is 6618 meters, that of Redemai Peak is 6549 meters, that of Bijia Mountain is 588 meters, that of Haizi Mountain is 5878 meters, that of Baihaizi Mountain is 5924 meters and that of Tianhaizi Mountain is 67 meters.

Happy Valley Mountain

Happy Valley Mountain is located in the southeast of Kangding Furnace Town. The city is close to the mountain, and the mountain guards the city. Since ancient times, Happy Horse Mountain has had an indissoluble bond with the people below. Happy Mountain is full of beautiful scenery and romance, and this park has been built in heaven since ancient times. Going up the mountain is like entering the celestial world, and you will realize that China is beyond the world. That truth and beauty will certainly wash away your vulgar thoughts. In Happy Valley Park, you will feel that you have climbed the Lingshan Mountain. The main landscapes of Happy Valley Park are: Wuse Sea, Yongxue Building, Jixiang Temple, Lingyun Baita, Happy Valley, Bathing Buddha Pool, Feiyun Gallery, Dongguan Pavilion and Guanyin Pavilion.

Kangding county is rich in natural resources. On the land of 11,458.5 square kilometers, the proven mineral resources include gold, silver and lead. The potential value of mineral resources is more than 1 billion yuan. There are more than 3 kinds of wild animals, and more than 4 kinds of national first-class and second-class protected animals, such as giant panda, clouded leopard, white-lipped deer and red panda. In the dense forest where rare plants such as spruce and fir grow, there are rich precious Chinese herbal medicines such as Cordyceps, velvet antler, Fritillaria, gastrodia elata and musk. There are many rivers in Kangding, and the water resources centered on Dadu River are 3.34 million kilowatts, which can be developed.

the county is located in the middle of the heavy snow book, with mountains and rivers in the territory and peculiar topography, forming a rich and colorful tourist scenic spot integrating nature and humanity. There are many places of interest in the archery furnace since ancient times. In the past, there were ten scenic spots: Tiandu Waterfall, Hot Spring Bathing Moon, Shuangsi Yunlin, Xianhai Chengbo, Guanding Tuquan, Yajia Silverscreen, Guo Da Stopping Cloud, Zier Woodcutting Song, Four Bridges Snow Wave and Leding Sanskrit. After liberation, the county tourism resources have been gradually developed and opened to the outside world, mainly including Mugecuo Scenic Area, Paoma Mountain Scenic Area and Tagong Grassland Scenic Area in the national Gongga Mountain Scenic Area.

historical evolution

Kangding is a Chinese name, so it is named because it means "Kang" to the east of Guodashan, which means "Kang and stability". In Tibetan, Kangding is called "more discount", which means the intersection of Daqu (Yala River) and Zhequ (Zheduo River). The old history was translated as "frying furnace", and later translated as "arrow furnace", referred to as furnace city.

it was a Qiang land in ancient times. Shenli County, han li. Sui is a good place.

The northeastern part of Tang County belongs to Yazhou, such as Zhongchuan and Huiye. The west was recorded in Tubo.

song Jizhi. Yuan set up a long Hexi fish pass Ningyuan Xuanwei Department. In the 12th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1639), Gushi Khan set up camp officers in Muya.

In 171, in the 4th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, after the Qing army put down the rebellion in the Guanchang side of Muya Camp, it re-established the Xuanwei Department of Yutong Ningyuan in Hexi of Mingzhengchang (hereinafter referred to as "Mingzheng Tusi").

in the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733), an arrow-beating furnace hall was set up, and Tongzhi was set up.

The steep and straight mountain in the northeast of the furnace city is called "Guoda Mountain"; There is an arrow shaft towering at the top of the mountain, so it is also called "arrow shaft mountain".

Guo Dashan is also regarded as the eye rain watch of Kangding. Clouds at the top of the mountain are a sign of fine weather. Whenever the clouds are filled, there will be rain, and it will not be wrong, so it has the reputation of "staying in the rain".

in the 29th year of Guangxu (193), it was promoted to Zhili Hall, and it was transferred to Jianchang Road. In the 34th year (198), it was changed to Kangding House.

Kangding county was established in 1913 in the 2nd year of the Republic of China, which belongs to the Chuanbian Special Administrative Region.

In p>1935, the Red Army's Long March passed through the county, and Soviet governments were established in Jintang, and township Soviet governments were established in Kongyu, Xinhe, Pengta, Sanhe, Maibeng and Qianxi.

in the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), Xikang was established as a province, and Kangding was established as the provincial capital.

in p>195, it belonged to Xikang Tibetan autonomous region.

in p>1955, it belonged to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province.

in p>199, there were 6 districts, 1 town and 22 townships in the county. Ganzi Town, the county seat, is 384 kilometers away from Kangding, the state capital, and 742 kilometers away from Chengdu, the provincial capital.

A beautiful and moving song "Kangding Love Song" named "Happy Mountain, Wandering City in Kangding" has made this historical and cultural city on the Kangba Plateau famous at home and abroad.

local customs

offering "hada" is the most common courtesy of Tibetan people. In Tibet, it is customary to offer "Hada" for weddings, funerals and festivals, welcoming and sending, calling on elders, seeing the Buddha statue, and seeing off on a long trip. Offering "Hada" means expressing purity, sincerity, loyalty and respect to the other party. It is said that when Tibetans entered the temple gate, they first offered a Hada, then visited the Buddha statues and visited the temples. When they left, they put a Hada behind the seat where they had sat, indicating that although I left, my heart remained here.

"Hada" is a kind of raw silk fabric, which is spun loosely as a net, and it is also made of silk. The top grade "Hada" is woven with various hidden flower patterns such as lotus, Aquarius, umbrella cover and conch, which indicate good luck. Hada's material varies with different economic conditions, but people don't care about the quality of the material, as long as they can express their master's good wishes. Hada varies in length, ranging from 1 to 2 feet for the elderly to 3 to 5 feet for the short. Tibetans believe that white symbolizes purity and good luck, so Hada-'is usually white. In addition, there are colorful Hada, the colors are blue, white, yellow, green and red. Blue means blue sky, white is white clouds, green is rivers, red is space , and yellow symbolizes the earth. Multicolored Hada is the most precious gift for making colorful arrows for bodhisattvas and close relatives. Buddhism-interpretation of colorful hada is the costume of bodhisattva. Therefore, colorful hada is only used under certain circumstances.

The action of offering "Hada" varies from person to person. Generally speaking, you should hold Hada with both hands, hold it at shoulder level, and then stretch it forward and bend over to give it to the other party. At this time, Hada is even with the top of your head, which shows respect for the other party and the greatest blessing-good luck. The other side meets with both hands in a respectful manner. When offering Hada to venerable persons and elders, raise your hands above your head, lean forward slightly, and hold Hada in front of the seat or under your feet; For peers or subordinates, it can be tied around their necks. Offering Hada is very common in Tibet. Even when people communicate with each other, they attach a small Hada to the envelope to show their blessings and greetings. It is particularly interesting that Tibetans also take a few hadas with them when they go out, in case they meet long-lost relatives and friends on the way. "Hada" represents different meanings in different situations. On the festival day, people present Hada to each other to congratulate them on a happy trip and a happy life; Presenting Hada at the wedding means wishing the newlyweds a mountain of love and a long life together; Dedicate Hada when welcoming guests, indicating piety and praying for the blessing of Bodhisattva; Hada was presented at the funeral to express condolences to the deceased and comfort to the families of the deceased.

There are many theories about the origin of Hada. There is a saying that in the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian sent two envoys to pass through Tibet and presented silks to local tribal leaders. In ancient times, the Han nationality took silks as a symbol of pure friendship. In this way, Tibetan tribes think that this is a kind of etiquette to express friendship and blessing, and the moon is a big etiquette from the prosperous state of the Central Plains, so it has been used ever since. There is also a saying that Basiba, the French king of ancient Tibet, brought it back to Tibet after meeting Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. At that time, there was a pattern of the Great Wall of Wan Li and the words "good luck" on the silk. Later, people made some religious explanations about the origin of Hada, saying that it was a ribbon on the fairy, and its whiteness symbolized holiness and supremacy.

Kangding county, located in the throat of Sichuan and Tibet, has a long history. It is a multi-ethnic, multi-sectarian, and mainly inhabited by Tibetan Buddhism. There are 31 Tibetan Buddhist temples in 35 places of religious activities in the county, one for Catholicism, one for Christianity and one for Islam, among which Tibetan Buddhism sects are complete. The traditional Buddhist culture in Kangding county constitutes a rich humanistic landscape.

Tibetan Buddhism has been introduced into Kangding for more than 1 years. It was once influenced by the integration of politics and religion in Tibet, and religious belief has long been deeply rooted among the people. At present, five sects of Tibetan Buddhism, namely, red, yellow, flower, black and white, are distributed throughout the county, and the temples are magnificent and have a certain reputation in Tibetan areas.

Tibetan Buddhism has its religious festivals and activities. The religious festivals and activities of temples in Kangding vary with different sects and the size of temples, but there are similarities in general. Among them, the birthday of Sakyamuni on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month (Buddha Bathing Festival) is particularly grand. On this day, all temples will hold a grand prayer meeting, so this day is the "mountain-turning meeting" and "spring outing day" of Kangding people. There is also the Buddha Lantern Festival (commonly known as the Garden Root Festival). On October 25th of the lunar calendar, Pope Huang Ba passed away. In Gelug temples, such as Anjue Temple, tens of thousands of ghee garden root lamps were lit on all the walls and eaves of the temple, and the light shone like a star bridge fire city, which was very spectacular. All believers in the whole city went to the temple to worship, and the people of Kangding also called the Garden Root Festival.

religious activities include chanting, jumping to the gods, and-,entering Tibet to receive precepts, studying classics, and taking an examination of "Gexi". In addition, they are also responsible for the management of classic books,-printing, managing people outside the temple to ask monks to chant scriptures,-and praying.

Tibetan Buddhism is the carrier of Tibetan traditional culture, especially in culture and art. For example, all temples have Buddhist paintings (Thangka paintings are particularly famous), pagodas of Tibetan scriptures (Tripitaka is very precious) and stone and stone cultural relics (conch, stupa), etc. Tibetan Buddhism occupies an unusual position in Tibetan history and the hearts of Tibetan people, and religion has had a far-reaching impact on Tibetan politics, economy, culture and thought.

Nanwu Temple, located in the southern suburb of Kangding City, is one of the famous temples of the Yellow Sect in Kangding County, and it is a recreational resort for the people of Kangding to hold religious activities and traditional festivals. Nanwu Temple was originally named Ramze Temple, and was given the name "Nanwu Temple" by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, which has made it famous to this day.

Kongoji, built for the Ming Dynasty chieftain, has a very solid economic foundation and a magnificent construction scale, and belongs to the Red Sect. One of the huge Thangka paintings, which is 3 meters high and 1 meters wide, has a history of more than 2 years and has been appraised as a national second-class document by the relevant departments.