Yunnan: Making World Heritage the Most Beautiful Scenery in Red Soil Plateau

New stage, new concept and new journey: promoting the construction of a strong socialist cultural country

The beauty of Yunnan lies in its rich and diverse animal and plant resources, magnificent mountains and rivers, and the history and culture of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Three world natural heritages, namely, Three Parallel Rivers, Stone Forest and Chengjiang Fossil, and two world cultural heritages, namely, Old Town of Lijiang and Hani Terraces, are the bright pearls of Yunnan's natural beauty and cultural beauty. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan have actively practiced the development concept of "clear water and green mountains are priceless wealth", strengthened the protection and utilization of cultural relics and the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, strengthened their cultural self-confidence, and made the world heritage more strictly protected and rationally utilized. The 14th Five-Year Plan for People's Republic of China (PRC)'s National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals to 2035, which was adopted at the just-concluded Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress, proposed to strengthen the systematic protection of important cultural and natural heritage and intangible cultural heritage, and promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture. It further points out the direction for Yunnan to protect and utilize the world natural heritage and world cultural heritage.

People's Power to Protect World Heritage

The parallel flow of the three rivers is a rare representative area of alpine landform and its evolution in the world, and it is also one of the regions with the richest biodiversity in the world. Stone forest is the only karst landform area in the world that can show the evolution history of the earth with stone forest development relics and stone forest landscape series; As the first fossil world heritage in China and the only one in Asia, Chengjiang Fossil Site is an important site of the Cambrian life explosion and the early life evolution of the earth. These unique advantages attract researchers at home and abroad to study in Yunnan World Heritage Site, which has a far-reaching impact on world scientific research.

"The forest in my hometown is becoming more and more lush. I think it is very meaningful to be a forest ranger, because my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful by guarding the green mountains and green waters. " Yu Meixiu, a ranger from the upper group of Totti Village, Weixi County, Yunnan Province, said. In 2020, she was named "the most beautiful ranger" in China. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is the heart of the world natural heritage site with three parallel rivers. Yu Meixiu et al. 1 1 Rangers take care of 89 16 mu of forest near Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, and spend more than 15 days in the forest at an altitude of 5,000 meters every month. Every time they patrol the mountains, they will stay in the mountains for two or three days and have a picnic.

In order to alleviate the contradiction between nature reserves and communities, Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve has implemented the "Biodiversity Protection and Community Development Project". 1995,1In February 1995, the first farmers' biodiversity conservation association in Chinese mainland was established in Baihualing, Gaoligongshan. In recent years, with the support of community projects, Baihualing Village has planted more than 7,000 mu of coffee, 3,000 mu of citrus and 4,000 mu of walnuts. "Protecting Gaoligong Mountain means protecting our eyes" has become the common sense of the villagers. Nowadays, the villagers also carry out eco-tourism bird watching activities, and bird hunters have become bird protectors. In recent years, the annual income of bird watching eco-tourism has exceeded 40 million yuan.

It is with the universal participation and care of people of all ethnic groups that Yunnan's rich and colorful world natural heritage can be preserved to this day.

Scholar's Wisdom in the Process of Applying for World Heritage

The birth and protection of world heritage cannot be separated from the wisdom of experts and scholars.

1996 Lijiang earthquake, Old Town of Lijiang was seriously affected, and there were many phenomena that destroyed the traditional architectural style in the restoration of residential buildings. Zhu Xinru felt like a knife. He quickly compiled the easy-to-understand Manual for the Protection and Maintenance of Traditional Dwellings and the Manual for the Protection and Renovation of Old Town of Lijiang's Environmental Features, which were distributed to every household in the ancient city to guide the housing renovation.

20 13, Zhu was invited to Yuanyang county to plan and protect Hani village at the critical moment when Hani terrace in Honghe prefecture declared its heritage. He traveled to 82 villages and found that many traditional residential buildings were destroyed. So he invested 250 thousand yuan to design and transform the first residential building in Azheke village as a demonstration, and guided the whole village to transform dozens of residential buildings; He spent five years planning for five villages and designing for 18 villages. Zhu also went to Jingmai Mountain, Lancang County for planning and research, and compiled three handbooks, Protection of Traditional Dwellings, Villages and Scenery, which are not only a guide to the renovation of residential villages in Jingmai Mountain, but also an important basic material for Jingmai Mountain to declare the world cultural heritage.

Recently, Zhu Zheng is busy preparing for the establishment of Old Town of Lijiang Architectural Heritage Protection Association. "Only by mobilizing the masses to participate in protection can we protect the world heritage." Zhu Dui said: At the end of February this year, Zhu rushed to Cangyuan County, Lincang, to make suggestions and suggestions for the restoration and reconstruction of Wengding ancient village destroyed by fire.

In various world heritage sites in Yunnan, you can often see experts and scholars who have traveled through mountains and rivers like Zhu. They strive to inherit and protect the world heritage and contribute their wisdom to the better use of the world heritage for the benefit of the people.

Government's action in development and development

How to break the strange circle of the conflict between the protection and development of world heritage is a common problem faced by Yunnan's natural and cultural heritage.

2065438+On February 25th, 2007, the former National Tourism Administration gave Old Town of Lijiang Scenic Area a serious warning and ordered it to rectify within six months. "In the past, Old Town of Lijiang was too commercialized and criticized. There were few aborigines, few traditional national cultures and many utilitarian things." Yang Decong, deputy director of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and director of the Provincial Bureau of Cultural Heritage, bluntly said, "World heritage sites should be protected and rationally utilized first, but in some places, there are less thoughts and more thoughts. How can we develop tourism?"

In order to solve the problem of over-commercialization of Old Town of Lijiang, in recent years, Lijiang has explored the protection of cultural heritage, promoted the development of tourism, and strictly regulated the commercial operation of the ancient city. Implement projects such as the restoration of the remains of celebrities' former residences, the construction of human landscapes, and the display of folk culture, and build 17 national cultural display points such as Fang Guoyu's former residence; Promote the construction of Old Town of Lijiang Xuxiake Memorial Hall and other 12 new cultural projects. Lijiang also arranges a national culture protection and development fund every year for the excavation, collation, inheritance and display of the traditional national culture of the ancient city; Guide 2000 B&B inns in the ancient city to take the road of integrated development of characteristic culture and commerce.

Entering the Old Town of Lijiang Comprehensive Management Command Center, the big screen on the wall shows real-time pictures and data of people flow, sanitation and fire fighting in all streets and alleys of the ancient city. "Here you can see the kitchen hygiene and fire protection of every hotel and restaurant in the ancient city." Dr.Leo Moo, deputy director of Old Town of Lijiang Protection Administration, said that Old Town of Lijiang is building a smart town, and smart fire fighting can systematically monitor and dispatch the water pressure and leakage of fire hydrants in real time.

Hani terraces in the mountains and clouds of southern Yunnan are also struggling to adhere to and inherit the Millennium farming civilization.

On June 20 18, a mudslide occurred in the Tiger Mouth area of Hani Terrace in Yuanyang, and 148 mu of terraced fields were destroyed, leaving a huge wound in the beautiful contiguous terraced fields. "National Cultural Heritage Administration invested190,000 yuan to repair the tiger's mouth terraces. When the restoration project was implemented at the end of the year, the landslide control was completed in May this year, and 10 restored the landscape. " Zhu Wenzhen said sadly, "The original road construction, stone accumulation, poor drainage and poor management are all the reasons for destroying terraces. There can be no more disasters caused by human factors in the future! "

Yang Decong also has many concerns about Hani Terrace World Heritage Site. Because of the long rice planting cycle and low income, many young people go out to work, and many terraces are in danger of being abandoned. With the increase of population and the expansion of village scale, these phenomena will destroy the living landscape of Hani terraces where people live in harmony with nature.

In order to solve the crisis faced by Hani terraced fields, in recent years, Yunnan Province has focused on maintaining the "four-element isomorphic" circular ecosystem of forests, villages, terraced fields and water systems, and promoted the village maintenance project and terraced field restoration and protection project of Hani terraced fields, integrating the protection of traditional houses with the construction of "beautiful homeland". "In the past two years, we have carried out intangible cultural heritage protection activities in every village in the inheritance area, supplemented by rewards, implemented the three-year action plan for the inheritance of Hani ancient songs, and established the Hani Terrace Cultural Heritage Museum and 350 national cultural heritage art teams. At present, there are 96 intangible projects in the heritage site, with non-genetic inheritor 12 1 person. There are still more than 20 days from the Long Street Banquet, and more than 200 tourists have signed up. " Zhu Wenzhen said.

Public participation in comprehensive improvement and development

In recent years, Yunnan's world natural heritage sites have been comprehensively rectified, and the development scope has been strictly limited to ensure that the core resources of the heritage sites will not be destroyed. On the premise of maintaining the authenticity and integrity of natural resources and cultural resources, Shilin natural heritage site should rationally plan and develop industrial activities such as tourism. Quarrying, mining and the construction of small hydropower stations are completely prohibited in the natural heritage sites with three parallel rivers. Chengjiang Fossil Site has shut down four phosphate mining sites/kloc-0, with a value of about 20 billion yuan, and invested more than 80 million yuan in ecological restoration, land conversion and environmental improvement. In order to change the situation that Chengjiang Fossil Land has been deserted for a long time because of its poor ornamental value, the Chengjiang Fossil Land Natural Museum was built in Yunnan last August, and used as a publicity window for world heritage.

The protection and utilization of Yunnan's world natural and cultural heritage has changed from the protection of a single competent department to the protection of the whole society, forming a three-level management mechanism at the provincial, prefectural and county levels, strengthening the construction of laws and regulations to promote protection and development, and all five world natural and cultural heritage sites have issued protection regulations and management plans, which have promoted the protection of ecological environment and biodiversity, boosted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and promoted scientific research.

"The protection and utilization of world heritage can enhance the self-confidence of national culture and unite cultural forces. We must stand at the strategic height of building a cultural power and further enhance our confidence and strength in protecting Yunnan's world heritage. " Yang Decong said.