An example of win-win cooperation

Do you know? Animals not only compete for survival, but also help each other.

the honey badger (huān) and the honey bird are good partners. They often cooperate with each other to destroy the hive. Wild bees often build their nests in tall trees, and honey badgers can't easily find it. The sharp-eyed honey bird found the beehive in the tree and went to look for the honey badger. In order to attract the attention of the honey badger, the honey bird often flaps its wings, makes special movements and makes a "click" sound. When the honey badger receives the signal, it rushes to climb the tree, bites the hive, drives away the wild bees and eats the honey. The honey bird stood by and waited for the honey badger to have a good meal before enjoying the beeswax in the hive alone.

Anemone shrimp and red sea anemone also cooperate well. The two big claws (áo) of the anemone shrimp each hold a red anemone and wander around all day. Once in danger, the anemone shrimp immediately mentions the red anemone, and the red anemone uses toxic tentacles to deal with the intruder. In this way, anemone shrimp can feed everywhere without worrying about safety; The red anemone can be full as long as it collects the leftover food of anemone shrimp.

the mutual benefit between crocodiles and birds is more interesting. Thousands of birds not only look for bugs to eat in fierce crocodiles, but also enter the crocodile's mouth, pecking at the remaining fish, mussels and frogs' meat scraps and parasitic water to help crocodiles clean their mouths. Sometimes when crocodiles close their mouths, thousands of birds are locked inside. However, you don't have to worry about a thousand birds. As long as a thousand birds gently hit the upper and lower jaws of the crocodile with their beaks, the crocodile will open its mouth and let the thousand birds fly out.

Marx and Engels

The friendship between Marx and Engels, two revolutionary giants, is incomparable to any friendship in the world. Marx admired Engels' talents and said that he always followed Engels' footsteps. Engels always thought that Marx's talent was better than his own. In their career, Marx was the first violinist and he was the second violinist. The writing and publication of Das Kapital is the crystallization of their great friendship.

After the failure of the Great Revolution in p>1848, Engels had to return to Manchester to engage in business activities. This made Engels very annoyed. He called it "damn business" more than once. And more than once he made up his mind to get rid of these things forever and do his favorite political activities and scientific research. However, when Engels thought that Marx's family, who was forced into exile in London, England, often lived a poor life with bread and potatoes, he put aside the idea of abandoning business, gritted his teeth, persisted and succeeded. This is done in order to help Marx materially, so that friends and the best thinkers of the * * * capitalist movement can be preserved, and Das Kapital can be written and published as soon as possible.

So, every month, sometimes even every week, a money order of one pound, two pounds, five pounds or ten pounds is sent from Manchester to London. In 1864, Engels became a partner of Omen-Engels Company in Manchester, and began to give great assistance to Marx. A few years later, after he sold the company's partnership equity, he gave Marx 35 pounds a year. Together, the money greatly exceeds Engels' family expenses.

from Marx's point of view, it is precisely for the purpose of effectively guiding the newly emerging scientific socialism and exposing the fundamental defects of capitalism that Engels accepted this kind of help.

Marx and Engels are close friends, and everything they have, whether it is money or learning, is inseparable from each other.

Although they have been separated for 2 years, their ideological relationship with life has not ended. They correspond every day and talk about political and scientific issues. For a period of time, Marx regarded reading Engels' letters as the most enjoyable thing. He often talks to himself with letters, as if he were talking to Engels.

"Well, no, that's not the case anyway ..."

"You are right on this point!"

Marx was so happy that he burst into tears.

Marx and Engels respect each other so much. In their view, no one's criticism of their thoughts and works is as significant as their exchange of views. So, at the first opportunity, Engels got rid of business and ran back to London. They meet every day, either in this house or in that house. When discussing the problem, they walked up and down a diagonal in the room and talked for hours on end. Sometimes, two people walk in tandem for a long time without saying a word until they reach an agreement. Then, two people burst out laughing.

August 16th, 1867, which is a memorable day. At two o'clock in the morning, Marx reported to his comrades that the proofreading of all the prints (one ***49 prints) of the first volume of Das Kapital had ended. He was so excited that he wrote to Engels and said,

"This volume can be completed only because of you! Without the sacrifice you made for me, I couldn't have finished such a three-volume masterpiece. I hug you and thank you very much! "

Das Kapital was published in Hamburg, Germany on September 14th, 1867, which was a great event in the whole international workers' movement and the crystallization of the friendship between the two giants.

This understanding friendship was so profound that it even lasted until after Marx's death.

When Marx was seriously ill, he told his daughter Elena that he hoped Engels could "do something" for his unpublished second and third volumes of Das Kapital. Of course, even if Marx didn't make such a request, Engels would do it.

For ten years from the death of Marx in 1883, Engels put down his work and tried his best to sort out and publish the last two volumes of Das Kapital, supplementing many materials and rewriting some chapters, which enabled Das Kapital to be published in 1885 and 1894.

an outstanding example of the spirit of cooperation

In p>1945, the Royal Swedish Medical College decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for that year to three people, namely Frey Lori, Frey (lái) Ming and Qian En. In the award speech, the discovery of penicillin was called "the most valuable contribution in the history of modern medicine", and it was particularly emphasized that it was "an outstanding example of different scientific methods cooperating for the same goal."

before 193s, human beings often suffered from germs. Many people often die because they are infected by germs. However, doctors at that time knew little about these germs, and they were helpless in the face of the disease, and they could only watch the patients dying.

Alexander, a British bacteriologist at St. Mary's Medical College, University of London? Fleming hopes his own scientific research will change this situation. For more than ten years, he has been devoted to exploring ways to eliminate germs and developing drugs to kill these mortal enemies. In the summer of 1928, Fleming discovered that the secretion of a green mold could effectively kill the vicious staphylococcus. He called this green mold Penicillium, and the secretion of Penicillium was named penicillin.

At a party, Fleming told a great British man about his discovery. The great man kindly suggested, "Fleming, here's your chance to get rich." Think about it, how big is the use of this penicillin in medicine in the future? You should apply for the patent right to manufacture penicillin as soon as possible. From now on, you and your family will no longer have to worry about their livelihood as they do now. "

At that time, Fleming's family was very tired and often needed help from relatives, so Fleming was moved by the advice of this great man. But after some consideration, he declined the proposal. In his letter to the great man, he wrote: "I can't bear to endanger the lives of countless people, intentionally or unintentionally, for the sake of the prosperity of myself and my family."

Fleming knows that it is impossible for him to extract penicillin with little content in the filtrate and make it into a medicine for clinical use, but it also needs the concerted efforts of many scientists. Therefore, he did not hesitate to publish his findings in the royal quarterly of experimental pathology, and called on more scientists to participate in this research work.

a British pathologist, Howard? Walter? Flory has also been studying natural antibacterial substances. He has always advocated the need for close cooperation between scholars of different disciplines. After Fleming's discovery was announced, Flory decided to work with the talented German biochemist Qian En to conduct systematic research on penicillin.

Since 1939, under the auspices of Flory, a group of enthusiastic scientists have voluntarily formed an experimental research team. Bacteriologists Gardner and Sanders are responsible for penicillin culture, and ernst boris chain is responsible for extracting penicillin from the filtrate. Sandoz also developed a simple method to determine the content of penicillin. The content of penicillin in the culture solution is very small, and it takes several tons of filtrate to get a little penicillin. Scientists have to wash hundreds of large glass bottles every day, cultivate more than ten tons of culture solution, and inoculate, separate and dry ... The work is very hard. But scientists are not bitter, because they know that once penicillin preparation is developed, it will bring good news to the whole human society.

In p>194, Flory and others finally got the original penicillin product, and its bactericidal ability was unprecedented. At this time, a seriously infected patient was admitted to a nearby hospital, and he was already unconscious when he was taken to the hospital. Although the doctor tried his best to rescue him and used a lot of drugs, it still failed to work. Flory slowly injected penicillin solution into the patient's vein, and the patient soon woke up and his temperature gradually returned to normal. Later, they used penicillin products to treat a group of patients infected by staphylococci, and as a result, all patients recovered quickly.

However, penicillin extracted from Penicillium is too little to meet the medical needs. In order to find high-yield strains and solve the problem of too little penicillin content, Flory and others rushed around and separated hundreds of mold specimens from soil, garbage dumps and moldy food in various places, and studied and compared them one by one. Hard work pays off, and they found high-yield excellent strains on the watermelon skin in the garbage bin, which doubled the output of penicillin. At the same time, they further studied and improved the extraction method, and constantly improved the purity of penicillin products, so that it can become a clinical drug.

The mass production and wide application of penicillin have made many malignant diseases no longer rampant, and countless patients facing death threats have been saved, especially during World War II, chāng penicillin cured thousands of patients. People unanimously call penicillin, atomic bomb and radar the three great inventions in the Second World War.

the power of unity

in ancient times, there was a farmer who always had eight sons. These boys have always been fighting and arguing since they were young, which made their father worry a lot. As the days passed, the farmer grew older and his sons grew older, but this noisy temper didn't change at all, and the old father was worried about it day and night.

So one day, the farmer went to consult the most learned elder in the village, hoping that he could help him think of a good way to make these ignorant sons understand how stupid they were.

The elder asked the farmer to call all his sons together, then took out eight chopsticks and handed them to them one by one, saying, "Break them as hard as you can."

"Is it necessary to use force to break such thin chopsticks? Haha, that's ridiculous! " The boys said derisively. Sure enough, they broke their chopsticks with a gentle force.

At this time, the elder took out eight chopsticks, tied them tightly together with a rope and said, "Now, who can break this bundle of chopsticks?"

The eldest son grabbed the chopsticks first, and his face turned red with both hands. The bundle of chopsticks was still good and didn't even bend. The other boys tried it unconvinced, but no one could break the chopsticks.

The farmer looked at the elder gratefully and said to his sons, "Children, can you understand the meaning of this? You quarrel all day long, and everyone cares only about himself, just like a thin chopstick, which will be easily broken. And the thin chopsticks have such great strength together, let alone you eight strong people? "

These words made the boys finally understand the power of unity, and realized how much trouble their past behavior had brought to their father. They apologized to each other softly, and helped their old father to go home.

the power of cooperation