Where is the rational planning and orderly development of eco-tourism in Datong County?

To plan ecotourism, we must first understand what ecotourism is. Eco-tourism includes two main points. One is that the object of ecotourism is natural scenery, such as specific animals, plants, communities and the whole ecological environment. Secondly, the purpose of ecotourism should not be harmed. Its core is "ecology". For eco-tourism development institutions, profit is not so much an end as a sustainable development means to better realize the protection of ecological objects; For tourists, the popularity and education of ecotourism are higher than the requirements for comfort and scenery; For local residents, the promotion of cultural level and the increase of income brought by eco-tourism can mobilize them to participate in ecological protection spontaneously and scientifically.

2 background

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Ecological crisis is one of the "global problems" faced by modern human beings, and it is essentially a crisis of the relationship between modern human beings and nature. As the main place for human beings to get close to nature, tourist attractions are gradually caught in the dilemma of development and protection. Tourist attractions are the natural and cultural heritage of human beings and have important ecological, cultural and economic values. The development and utilization of tourist attractions has great social and economic benefits. However, improper development and construction and excessive interference of human activities often bring a series of ecological and environmental problems: land degradation and desertification, forest destruction, soil erosion, environmental pollution, water shortage and so on. These problems threaten the ecological security of scenic spots and restrict their sustainable development. Therefore, Lv Wei Chuangjing believes that the ecological planning and design of tourist areas with the help of ecological principles should become an important part of the planning and design of tourist areas.

3 requirements

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Eco-tourism is a niche high-end tourism model. Ecological protection is the first, and eco-tourism has a strong professionalism. No matter for practitioners, tourists, local residents or management departments, we need scientific and systematic education and training, and handle two relations well-the relationship between ecological protection and traditional culture, tourism development and economic benefits in eco-tourism areas; The relationship between ecological protection, eco-tourism development and local governments and residents getting rich. Considering the carrying capacity of the ecological environment, eco-tourism areas often limit the number of tourists through high prices, which is bound to favor high-end and niche.

4 mechanism

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Eco-tourism has become a more mature tourism model in the world. Although China started late, it is becoming more and more mature, and has formed some systematic experiences in management system, resource development, environmental education and protection of residents' rights and interests. In the management of eco-tourism, the basic principles are legislative protection and strict law enforcement, that is, strictly abide by the National Environmental Protection Law, Marine Protection Law and related environmental laws and regulations, and add supplementary provisions, such as environmental taxes, in view of the potential, sustained and cumulative impact of tourism on the environment. At the same time, there are clear regulations on the business scope, development scale and order, reception number and opening season of ecotourism, and its business ideas and methods are also limited. Those who violate the law on natural resources, whether operators, developers or tourists, should bear corresponding civil and criminal responsibilities.

Five principles

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complete

Ecological environment is an organic whole, and ecological planning should follow the principle of wholeness. We should not only consider the natural ecological environment of the scenic spot, but also study the impact of human activities on the environment, and also consider the interaction between the ecological environment inside and outside the scenic spot, so as to implement the ecological requirements in all the planning of the scenic spot.

Coordinates * * *

Facing the complex ecosystem, ecological planning has the characteristics of diversity and complexity. The interaction and restriction between subsystems and ecological elements directly affect the overall function of the system. Adhering to the principle of * * * in the ecological planning of scenic spots is to make each subsystem cooperate with each other, benefit each other and improve the utilization rate of resources; Coordination refers to maintaining the coordination, order and relative balance among various components and levels within the system and between the system and the environment.

Local differentiation

Different regions have different ecosystem structures, ecological processes and functions, and different planning purposes. Ecological planning must be carried out on the basis of fully studying the functional status, problems and development trends of regional ecological elements. Such as forest parks and theme parks, one is partial to natural landscape and the other is partial to artificial landscape. The former pays attention to the ecological service function, while the latter will have less ecological service function and heavier social effect.

Efficient and harmonious

Ecological planning is to build an efficient and harmonious social-economic-natural complex ecosystem, so ecological planning should follow the principles of nature, economy and society, take the natural environment as the planning basis, take economic development as the goal, and take the demand of human society for ecology as the starting point.

6 content

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Determine the goal

The goal of ecological planning is embodied in three aspects: [1]

First, the goal of natural resources is to protect the overall ecological value, basic characteristics and self-recovery ability of existing resources from human activities. The specific contents include protecting, maintaining and improving the quality of surface water and groundwater; Preserve, protect and improve the diversity of animals and plants and their habitats; Protect the quality of natural scenery.

Second, the goal of human resources is to maintain and improve historical and cultural resources. The specific contents include maintaining the traditional lifestyle that is related and coordinated with the overall ecological value of the planning area; Elements of preserving and protecting historical and cultural resources; Explore the elements of historical and cultural resources.

Third, the development goal is to adjust the development of tourism and make it in harmony with the overall ecological and cultural values of protecting scenic spots. For example, only projects that can promote development are allowed in designated future development areas, and only tourist reception facilities are allowed in designated areas.

Ecological investigation

The purpose of ecological investigation is to collect natural, social, demographic and economic information and data of the planning area, so as to provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the ecological process, ecological potential and constraints of the planning area.

The ecological investigation of scenic spots can be completed through field investigation, historical investigation, social investigation with public participation and remote sensing investigation.

The contents of natural environment investigation include topography, geomorphology, hydrology, climate, vegetation, wildlife, land use status and so on. The content of humanities investigation includes local historical, cultural, social and economic characteristics. The investigation and analysis of socio-economic factors is to determine the economic level of the region where the tourist attractions are located, as well as the economic development level and radiation distance of the nearest central city, economic belt and economic zone. This has a key decisive role in the development scale of tourist attractions.

Product planning

With the further development of the concept of "harmony between man and nature", people's tourism products increasingly emphasize ecological models, including theme ecology, amusement ecology and artistic expression ecology.

The projects that embody the tourism landscape ecology include ecological maze (flower maze, fruit and vegetable maze, wetland maze, water maze, forest maze, etc.). ), forest oxygen bar and forest bathing place, big tree house, earth art, hanging garden, etc. Combine ecological landscaping with ecological recreation, use green plants for landscaping, use green plants as recreation projects, and use green environment to create a recreation model.

Ecological technology

Ecological technology, including the use of ecological materials, localized plant configuration, low-energy technology application, green plant environment, environmental protection materials and technologies, etc. It is especially important for scenic spot planning.

Suitability analysis

Ecological suitability analysis is the core of ecological planning. Its purpose is to apply the principles and methods of ecology, economics, geosciences and other related disciplines to determine the suitability and restriction of landscape types for a certain purpose, classify the suitability grades of landscape resources and environment, and put forward suggestions on land use in scenic tourism development.

Based on the analysis of ecological suitability, those areas with extremely sensitive ecology, unique landscape, suitable for maintaining the original appearance and not suitable for artificial construction interference can be accurately set as preservation areas; For some, the sensitivity is slightly lower, the landscape is better, and it is suitable for limited development and utilization under the guidance, and it is set as a protected area, while the ecological sensitivity is low, and the natural terrain and vegetation are of little significance, so it is suitable for development and becomes a development zone.

7 concept

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1, local

1) Respect traditional culture and local knowledge.

Different regions have different cultures and local plots. We should tap the unique local culture and resources, use them to design recreational projects, make their unique charm and temperament more vivid, and do ecological design with cultural connotation.

2) Fully integrate the natural resources of tourist areas.

The characteristic natural factors such as sunshine, topography, water, wind, soil, vegetation and energy are combined in the design of recreation mode, making it a derivative of nature, not just a consumer item, so that tourists can truly integrate with nature while entertaining and make an ecological design that can be close to nature.

3) Use local materials

Using local materials can not only reflect local characteristics, but also reduce management and maintenance costs and realize economical ecological design.

2. Protecting and saving natural capital

1) combine resource protection with recreation.

The ecological system of tourist areas is relatively fragile, and once some unique landscape elements are destroyed, it is difficult to recover, and the scenic spots lose their vitality. Therefore, the recreation mode also bears the responsibility of protecting the environmental resources of tourist areas.

2) adopt new technologies to maintain the balance of the ecosystem.

The adoption of new technologies can often reduce the consumption of energy and resources by many times.

3. Let nature be the guide of leisure design.

Nature has the ability of self-design, and natural design is more colorful than man-made design, which brings out the best in each other. Sometimes we don't need to do anything big, just draw it in her vein. For example, we can use the diversity of local plants to establish a special botanical garden; Use negative oxygen ions in the forest to set up forest oxygen bar.

4. Expose nature and strengthen the connection between man and nature.

Recreation design can not only make people feel the interaction with nature, but also let tourists know about nature, expose some systems of nature and emphasize the unrecognized relationship between man and nature. Thereby improving people's awareness of environmental and ecological protection.