Longxi Road-Zuoyun

Because I visited Shengshengbao in Xinrong, I went to Youyu directly by the northern line instead of taking the "Xikou Road" from Datong to Zuoyun. At present, it is a branch line near the south of the Great Wall, and you can appreciate Zuo Yun's unique style.

What is stored in your mind and what you see in front of you, history and reality are complicated. Trying to figure out.

To the north is the Yinshan remnant vein, which extends from east to west like a huge taupe undulating barrier. The tall Motianling, like a heavy history book, contains too much content. It was only in the Northern Wei Dynasty that it was presented to the world as a treasure trove of feng shui in the holy land of tombs. In addition to Feng Taihou's "Yong Ling" in Fangshan, Datong, the tombs of six emperors, queens and concubines from Tuoba GUI, Emperor Daowu, to Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen, and the tombs of Liu Yisheng's concubines in the capital are all on the Motianling. Tall mounds moved from Lesheng to Taihe in the first year of Tianxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and moved south to Luoyang in 18.

Further north, there are Liangcheng County and Helinger area in Inner Mongolia, which are connected with the typical loess hilly area of Zuoyun. To the south is the Zuoyunchuan boundary, and the Shili River and Zi Yuan River in the mountains flow from west to east.

The residual vein of Yinshan Mountain in the north of Zuoyun belongs to the product of Himalayan movement, and the plate collided with two mountains and two rivers to compound Danxia landform. High in the southeast and northwest, low in the middle. The hilly and mountainous areas of Chuantan are distributed in layers, and the surface vegetation is rich and colorful. Although the war and the foolish "logging and burning forest movement" destroyed the forest, after liberation, large-scale afforestation became a "national green model county"

Hongshayakou

On the recommendation of President Zheng Shaoru, the Koreans contacted Mr. Liu Zhiyao. Let's meet in front of the office building of Zuoyun county government. Mr. Liu showed us to his office. The large desks and bookcases against the wall are filled with books and materials, and there are many cultural relics on the sofa and floor. It's past noon. After Mr. Liu invited us to lunch, he drove to the cliff mouth of Hongsha.

From Zhujiayao northwest out of the county, after Zhao Huose north, the terrain gradually rises. Cross the Queer River to the south foot of Lu Wu Mountain in Han Geta, and start climbing. We listened to Teacher Liu talking about Zuo Yun all the way. Only when we reached this "big city" ancient road were we attracted by the steep mountain and noticed the stone forest on the roadside. Pine, cypress, poplar, elm, willow, birch and fruit are all over the hillside. Where I have been before, in the hilly wilderness, the autumn grass is yellow, the artificial forest is moving one by one, and the west wind blows away the yellow leaves.

The car circled forward on the narrow mountain road, and Master Qi gripped the steering wheel and focused on the front. Naturally, we are also a little nervous and lack words. Dense pine forests and shrub slopes on both sides greatly eased our mood. My eyes, through my inner light, swept the brown rocks and made them tremble slightly. The air is full of the smell of pine and cypress, and the cold west wind passes through the hillside forest, as if it were a natural and private conversation. Everything becomes a process of sound and image. Through them, I see my own spirit, and I know the whole nature from the spirit. Harmony between man and nature shows the same mysterious root.

About half an hour, I climbed the "hoof hole ridge" on the top of the Fifth Road, which is also called "horseshoe beam" by the locals. Near the top of the mountain, the tall turbine wind turbine rotates rapidly with long blades. The strong mountain wind made it difficult for us to stop, and we were shivering with cold. Hurry and follow Mr. Liu to the east. When you get to the mountain pass, there are stones everywhere, so it is difficult to walk. There is a mountain peak protruding in front of my eyes. Mr. Liu said that it is the place where Zhaojun went out to look back at the Central Plains. This topic immediately dispelled the cold feeling. I took out my mobile phone to take photos and recorded the geographical route in my notebook. Looking south, the end of the mountain is a vast wilderness. Shuozhou Simabo-Sai Nan Sai Kou, Wuzhou-Zi Yuan Valley-East Ancient City turned back to the south, which was the west branch of Tongsai Middle Road in Qin and Han Dynasties. Wang Zhaojun came from the south, passed several sections, and went up the mountain from the ancient road south of Hongshayakou.

Turning into the mouth of Hongsha Cliff is a depression at the top of the mountain, with two red cliffs at both ends and a narrow road of two meters in the middle. The places where no one walks are full of earth and stone, so it is difficult to get in. We followed, slowly filed in and staggered. Out of the south exit, I was suddenly enlightened, and a valley was sandwiched between the east and west slopes, extending obliquely downward to the fan platform in the south. On the hillside of Xishan, there are obvious ancient roads, and you can see stones building foundations. Some sections are about several meters high, and slopes and ditches are paved with sand. From the foot of the mountain to the south, until the foot of the mountain is hidden. In my opinion, the huge and arduous construction project in those days was by no means the work of non-governmental forces.

According to Liu Zhiyao's investigation, this ancient road extends from the east-west direction to the lower Sansheng slope of Motianling to this point, which is the entrance to the east-west direction. The Northern Wei Dynasty called Motianling a "holy mountain", which may be the reason why there are tombs under the mountain, involving holy springs, Sanshengpo and Sanshenggou along the road. In order to transport the building materials and coffins of the imperial tomb, the ancient road of Hongshankou and Matoushan in the east were developed.

To the north of the hoof ridge, the mountains are continuous and boundless as the sea, and to the north of the Yinshan branch are Liangcheng, Hohhot and Chahar in Inner Mongolia. Here, as well as many places in the east and west, are the main barriers to prevent nomads from invading the East. In the valley near the north, there are faint ancient villages. I seem to be in a daze to see the ancient road connecting villages and towns, winding and guiding people to the west to realize their dreams.

Zuo Yun goes to Fengzhen, Jining and other places in Inner Mongolia, and will be popular at Shashikou and Ninglukou, collectively known as "Yunxi Road". In the south are Yanmenguan-Huairen-two wolf mountains leading to the Central Plains, and the red sandstone mouth of Madaokou connects the mainland and the desert, forming a long ancient road.

The Great Wall? Castle. beacon tower

The mountain at the northern end of Zuoyun is a branch of Yinshan Mountain that extends southward, and it is also the dividing line between Loess Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau. On the journey from Datong to the west, we often see the Great Wall, castles and mounds in the mountains. Explain its geographical location and cultural background. It gives people an old, simple and rich feeling. A feeling of mystery and confusion.

The most obvious is the ancient Great Wall in Motianling. Secondly, there are four dynasties and five types of Great Wall scattered in the northern mountainous areas. For example, the Great Wall of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is more than 30 kilometers long from Zhu Erwa in Zhangjiachang Township to Ninglukou and extends from Ninglukou along the bottom of Lu Wu Mountain to the center of Youyu County 1 1 km, was built on the red Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot in the Motianling Mountains. The Ming Great Wall has a big face and a small face. The big side is 43 kilometers long from the east of Baoan Fort to the twentieth side of Santun Township to Youyu, and the small side is 43 kilometers long. On these Great Walls, white sheep, loess, black soil, Lu Wei, Lu Ning, red sandstone, big rivers and small rivers have been set up. Motianling Great Wall is one of the highest Great Walls in the world. It is winding and magnificent. A scenic spot in Shanxi Province, which is equally famous as Badaling Great Wall.

There is a beacon tower on the Great Wall, also known as beacon tower and beacon tower. Whenever there is an enemy situation, it will be lit on the stage as an alarm. Zuoyunfeng has a 145 fire building, which is divided into fire pier, watchtower, arrow tower, horse pier and Yanshan Mountain. There is also a rare military facility in other places, Tian Tian, which is dedicated to detecting Huns invading the border. The total length is 20 kilometers, extending from Baoan Fort to Weilukou.

There are many castles in Zuoyun, such as Baiyang City in the Spring and Autumn Period, Wuzhou City, Zhongsai City and Jizhen City in the Han Dynasty, Yulin City in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yunzhou City and Yin Cheng in Duan Village in the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Zuo Wei City and Gaoshan City in the Ming Dynasty, and Baijun City whose age has not yet been determined. The other five cities have all been closed. Among them, Baiyang City has a long history, and it was built about 2600 years ago. It is the oldest city in northern China at the same time as ancient Rome. The most complete is Zuoyun City, which was built in the Ming Dynasty. Among the 72 castles under the jurisdiction of Governor Datong, it is second only to Datong. There is also the old mountain city where the original cloud is located, which was built in Wuzhou mouth and choked the throat. Yunxi Road and Yunxi Fort are named after clouds. Yulin City is located in the south of Dahekou Village, Santun Township, the capital of Shenjiachao in Northern Wei Dynasty.

In addition to the Acropolis, there are military fortresses in the front command post of military operations, which together with the Acropolis constitute a military defense system. Shanxi Tongzhi records that after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Datong was the most crucial point among the nine major towns in the world, and Yunxi Road was the most important one of the four roads in Datong Town, with left-back and right-back cities, as well as Gaoshan and Weiyuan City built. In the north of the mountain city, there are four castles, one for breaking and destroying Lu. Build four castles around the right-back Weiyuan North to kill, break, mutilate and defeat Hu; Four castles, Yungang Castle, Yunxi Castle, Yunyang Castle and Marble Castle, are built in the middle line of the Four Cities. Later, 64 forts were built. There are more than a dozen existing places, such as Helping Horse, Refusing Door, Hongsi, Baoan, Destroying Lu, Breaking Lu, Yunxi and Santun, among which Fort is the largest, with a perimeter of 1.35, second only to Shahukou.

In addition to the above, the important facilities of the Great Wall are also related, such as Guancheng, battlements, horse faces, hollow piers, streams, streams, horse paths, battlements, sheep and horse walls, horse pits and other relics. Secondly, there are many ancient roads, including Hongshankou, Xiaohekou, Dahekou, Wuzhou Saikou, Dayukou, Hongyangyukou and Qianjiayukou. There are caves where soldiers and equipment are hidden, and there are wells dug in them. The cave is 3-5 kilometers deep, tall and spacious, and part of it is divided into upper and lower floors. It can hide soldiers and raise horses in times of war and collect war preparation materials.

Cultural and historical details

Zuo Yun belonged to the northern part of Jizhou in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the "White Sheep Tribe" of the Northern Emperor nomadic here, and built the White Yangcheng on the waterfront of Wuzhou, which is the command center and residence for more than a hundred miles under the jurisdiction of Fiona Fang, covering the area of Dengbaishan in the north of Datong, and is the earliest ancient city in the city. During the Warring States Period, King Wuling of Zhao occupied Wuzhou Fortress. The Qin Dynasty was a unified Yanmen County. In the Western Han Dynasty, a county was set up, while strengthening the ancient city of Bai Yang, Wuzhou City was built to resist the Huns. Jin Yongjia returned to China for four years. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, it belonged to Zhou Huan (Datong), the land of Pingcheng, Kyoto. During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, it was Dingxiang County in Yunzhou. The Five Dynasties belonged to the late Tang Dynasty, and were transferred to Hedong Road. In the third year of Qing Dynasty, Hedong rebels ceded Shi Jingtang 16 to Qidan and joined Liao. The Yuan Dynasty was Datong Road of Hedong Shanxi Road. When the Ming Dynasty was first built, because the big cities had not been restored, Baiyang City was stationed in Dewey, Datong, and became the headquarters of Shaanxi capital. Its jurisdiction covers Juyongguan in the east, Laoniuwan in Pianguan in the west, Yanmenguan in the south and Fengzhoutan (Hohhot area) in the north. In the Qing Dynasty, the west of Yungang, including the southern suburbs of Datong, always belonged to the administrative boundary of Zuoyun. After abandoned in the Republic of China 16, it directly belonged to Shanxi Province. 1949 10 belongs to Yanbei institution of Chahar province. After three years' retreat, Chahar Province belongs to Yanbei District of Shanxi Province, and Rongxing District of Datong City belongs to Zuoyun. 1993 Yanbei area was merged into Datong City, and Zuoyun was subordinate to Datong City.

As can be seen from the above, Zuo Yun became the frontier of military defense relied on by several dynasties because of its geographical location. The northern end of Yinshan branch is the junction of Loess Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau, which naturally becomes a sensitive border between nomadic and farming peoples in grassland, where the two cultures collide, blend and evolve. Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei and other places migrated and flowed, influenced by multi-ethnic exchanges, and multi-cultures merged and merged, forming a unique cultural form and folk custom with Chinese culture as the mainstay and various ethnic cultures blending with each other.

Zuo Yun's historical and cultural accumulation has produced rich cultural and artistic fruits, ranking first among writers in Shanxi 1 19 county. Zuo Yun's literature and art and Zuo Yun's literature and history shine like two cultural pearls. Cultural tourism is flourishing. The reclining Buddha Temple is built according to the cave with wooden powder strips, which is connected with the grottoes and has its own characteristics. Bao 'an Fort Han Group, Beacon Tower, Castle Ruins, Earth Treasure King Bodhisattva Temple, copying murals in Shuilu Town, etc. Yuehuachi is a pocket town according to the Great Wall. Fort Lu Wei is condescending, highlighting the trade between Mongolia and China; The cornices of Lengyan Temple overlap, and the walls are connected with each other, which is magnificent, and new squares, parks, terraces and theaters are built. Are built, is a scenic spot in the border; He Shili ecological protection forest belt and cultural Expo area, Huaxi landscape complement each other, with twin towers inserted in clouds, pine and cypress red leaves, and blooming flowers; Dongshan Forest Park is a good place for fitness, leisure, viewing and entertainment. Wulushan Eco-tourism Zone is full of peaks and peaks, gurgling springs and frequent wildlife activities, which shows the fun and truth of nature. There are also historical sites such as Baiyandun Temple, tombs of ancient cities, ancient poplars and ancient poplars in frontier fortress. In addition, the county is engaged in afforestation, which is very beautiful.

Only when we are in it, some specific landscapes can give us a strong impression through the most basic visual touch. There are still some scenery that will follow us for a long time even if we leave the scene. Although some have disappeared from reality, they still appear in vivid images.

Sanjin and frontier fortress culture institute

I have heard of the "Sanjin Cultural Research Association" before. Comrade Liu Zhiyao has taken the lead in doing a lot of work and has frequent academic exchanges with the "Xikou Cultural Research Association" in Baotou. During his tenure as Chairman of Zuoyun Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Liu Zhiyao paid attention to excavating, sorting out and promoting local culture. According to the development of Zuoyun culture, we vigorously carry out and hold various cultural activities and strive to cultivate all kinds of literary and artistic talents.

In the winter of 20 13, Liu Zhiyao led his team members to visit 72 Castle, an important military facility in Datong and Zuoyun, for two months, and wrote 400,000 words of notes. Four years later, entrusted by the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, the 250,000-word Great Wall of Datong was published by China Science Press.

This is the result of his comparative study of visiting the Great Wall all over the country. It is concluded that Zuo Yun has seven generations of Great Wall. He also demonstrated the names, functions and architectural ages of more than 20 kinds of Great Wall ancillary facilities such as Tian Tian, Yucai, Ma Yang, beacon tower and trestle, and published dozens of papers. Textual research on city site 10, excavation and compilation of history books, 30 Yu Ben, and more than 200 historical sites.

He traveled across mountains and rivers to research the activities of Mu Tianzi, Qin Shihuang's voyage to the West, Su Wu's return to the Han Dynasty, Zhaojun's departure from the fortress, Tuoba GUI's southward migration, the anti-Liao, Qi Jiguang's trimming and Kangxi's expedition. He was invited to participate in local and national academic seminars for many times, and many papers won prizes, which promoted the exchange and interaction between Zuoyun culture, Great Wall culture and regional culture.

At the same time, Jinling, Han tomb, Qidan tomb and dinosaur excavation sites were discussed, and scholars, experts, farmers, miners, monks and nuns, priests and so on were widely interviewed, and many original opinions were put forward.

After retirement, he served as the president of Zuoyun Great Wall Protection Research Association, and made textual research on Gothic Church in Xiabatai Village of the Great Wall. He believes that the church is the product of Datong's ancient tea-horse road and tea-camel road leading to Europe. Built in 1876, destroyed by the religious disaster and rebuilt in 19 14, it is one of the holy places recorded by the Vatican Pope (there are only seven in China).

His works are closely related to the natural and cultural landscape, especially the participation of nature, the change of natural power and color, and the influence and restriction on the historical and cultural development process are directly reflected in the appearance and depth of historical life. Because of his outstanding work, he was absorbed as a member of China Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Historical Society, the Great Wall Society of China, the executive director of Zhaojun Cultural Research Branch of China Ethnology Society, the director of Sanjin Cultural Research Association, the member of Shanxi Writers Association, and the member of China Travel Notes Alliance. , published historical works 1 1 volume. About 3 million words.

Most of the above-mentioned activities led by him are concentrated in the publications such as Zuo Yun Literature and History, which he founded, and Zuo Yun Literature and Art, which he edited. In addition, collect Zuo Yun's historical materials, figures, stone carvings and other books and materials. It was rated as "Top Ten Outstanding People in Shanxi Great Wall Protection Research".

When Mr. Liu Zhiyao said goodbye in the office, he presented us with Ode to China, Yaoyou Huaxia, New Mystery, Witness America, Bagging and Reciting, Zuoyun Literature and History and other books and periodicals. We can learn about his tourism knowledge and writing accumulation.