Can I report my passport stolen in Italy to Germany? Can I fly to Spain without a visa if I have a travel permit from the Chinese Embassy in Germany?

Be sure to report the theft locally, report the loss of your passport to the nearest consulate in China, and apply for a travel permit with the police certificate.

For the airline itself, checking the identity when booking a ticket is only a measure, and the airline has no problem. The big problem lies in the security check before going through customs. If you are traveling with a group in China, you already have an established tour route, and the person with the group has your information, then it is not a big problem to reissue a travel permit and continue with the group. But if not, theoretically, you can't continue playing, and you can only go back to your permanent place immediately.

It is not feasible to report the loss of your passport in Italy to Germany, and the German police will not accept it. At the same time, it may happen that the China Consulate in Germany does not issue travel permits. It has happened before that someone lost his passport in France and then went to Germany to reissue it.