Xinjiang tourism Tianshan altitude

Tianshan Mountain, in the sense of tourism and summer vacation, usually refers to Tianshan Tianchi Lake, which is located on the mountainside of Bogda Ice Peak in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang, and is formed by melting mountain snow. Tianchi Lake is about 1900 meters above sea level and 90 meters deep, surrounded by snow peaks, with lush trees and beautiful scenery.

Legend has it that the Queen Mother used Yaochi as a mirror to bathe herself. The Yaochi here is Tianchi. When Zhou Muwang was looking for the elixir of life not far away, Wan Li came to Tianshan Mountain as a guest, and the Queen Mother gave a banquet to welcome him in Yaochi. After parting, the Queen Mother invited Mu Wang to Yaochi again, and she never saw Mu Wang again. To this end, Li Shangyin has a poem "Yaochi", "Yaochi's grandmother leans against the window and mourns. Bajun went to Wan Li every day and never came again. " . Wonderful stories have been passed down for generations, and the elixir of life has long since become history, but the beautiful Tianchi is getting more and more prosperous every day.

Behind Tianshan Mountain is Bogda Peak, which is called "Xue Hai" all the year round and is a good place to carry out mountaineering tourism activities. There are also ancient rock paintings all over Tianshan Mountain.

"I don't know the palace in the sky. What year is it?" Where is Yaochi? Not in the sky, nor in the misty fairyland, but in the beautiful Xinjiang. Friends may wish to ride around Tianshan Mountain and taste intoxicating cantaloupes!

I used to go to Tianshan Mountain from Fukang, take a bus to the tree nest near the crown, and then take a bus into the mountain. The journey is very difficult. Starting from Urumqi now, it takes more than two hours to reach Tianchi by car.

Tianshan Mountain is a large mountain range in central Asia, which runs through central China and Xinjiang, and its western end extends to Kazakhstan. It is about 2500 kilometers long and 250-300 kilometers wide, with an average elevation of about 5000 meters. Tomur Peak, the highest peak, is 7435 meters above sea level. 3 meters, Khan Tengger Peak is 6995 meters above sea level, and Bogda Peak is 5445 meters above sea level. These peaks are all in China, and the peaks are covered with snow. The three great rivers in Xinjiang-the Syr Darya River, the Chu River and the Ili River all originate from this mountain.

The snow on Bogda Peak, the snow peak in Tianshan Mountain, remains unchanged all year round, so people call it "Xue Hai". On the mountainside of Bogda, there is a lake called Tianchi, with an altitude of 1900 meters and a depth of about 90 meters. All the water in the pool is melted by ice and snow, clear and transparent, like a big mirror. White snow peaks and green spruce are reflected in the lake, forming a beautiful picture, which is a famous tourist attraction in Xinjiang.

Tianshan divides Xinjiang into two parts: Tarim basin in the south; To the north is Junggar Basin. Although these two great basin are twins, their natural characteristics are quite different. Tarim basin is surrounded by mountains, and the climate is particularly dry, mostly in desert areas. Straw grain, cotton and fruit can only be planted on the green land in the marginal areas. The mountains on the northwest edge of Junggar basin are not very high, and there are many gaps. The air currents from the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean can enter, so the climate is humid. In addition to some oases in the basin where spring wheat, cotton and fruits can be planted, there are excellent grasslands and developed animal husbandry. The famous Karamay oilfield is also in this basin.

Tianshan Mountain Range is the largest mountain range in Central Asia, which runs through central China and Xinjiang, and its western end extends to Kazakhstan. Tianshan Mountain is composed of east-west folded fault-block mountains. There are subsidence basins in the mountains, such as Hami Basin and Turpan Basin, and Yili River Valley in the west. Bogda Peak, located in the eastern part of Urumqi, is 5445 meters above sea level, and the snow on the peak does not melt all year round, so people call it "Xue Hai". Tianchi Lake, located on the mountainside of Bogda Peak, is clear and transparent, and it is a famous tourist attraction in Xinjiang. At present, Bogda Peak Nature Reserve has been included in the United Nations "Man and Biosphere" nature reserve network. Tomur Peak is 7435 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Tianshan Mountain. On July 25th, 1975, the China mountaineering team successfully climbed to the top for the first time.

Deep in Tianshan Mountain, northwest arid area, across the central part of Xinjiang, with a span of 1700 kilometers. Tianshan Mountains divide Xinjiang into Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin, and the natural environment of northern and southern Xinjiang is obviously different. The temperature on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain is lower than that on the southern slope, but the precipitation is more than that on the southern slope, and the vertical belt spectrum of mountain natural landscape is also different. Due to the warm and humid airflow coming from the west, the north slope is abundant in precipitation and the soil and vegetation are well developed. Compared with the south slope, it has a relatively complete vertical belt structure of mountain vegetation and a relatively typical vegetation type. In the Tarim Basin, which is facing extreme drought on the south slope, the dry and hot climate strongly invades the natural landscape here, shrubs and semi-shrub deserts and mountain grasslands are widely developed, desertification is serious, forest belts disappear and vegetation composition is poor. Tomur Peak is the highest peak of Tianshan Mountains, with an altitude of 7435.3 meters. The south slope is semi-arid and the north slope is semi-humid. Tomur Peak and its vast areas in the south and north of the mountain are rich in biological and mineral resources. Taking Tomur Peak as an example, the vertical distribution law of medicinal plants in Tianshan Mountain was expounded.

1) North slope of Tomur Peak

The northern slope of Tomur Peak is characterized by fertile grasslands and banded forests, with humid climate, good vegetation coverage and rich medicinal plants. The vertical belt spectrum of vegetation is obvious, and the general rules are: mountain temperate grassland, mountain cold temperate meadow, mountain cold temperate coniferous forest, subalpine cold meadow, alpine cold meadow, alpine cold cushion vegetation and alpine ice and snow belt.

A. Mountain temperate grassland

It is distributed in the alluvial plain area with an altitude of1800-1900m. The climate is humid, especially in dry and wet seasons. The vegetation coverage is 50-80%, and the grass layer is obvious. There are few kinds of medicinal plants, among which the common plants are Polygonum and Polygonum, Spiraea and Hypericum.

B. Mountain cold temperate meadow

Most of them are distributed between 1900-2 100 meters above sea level, but due to the destruction of forests and the upward movement of meadows, the upper limit of some areas can reach 2300 meters above sea level. The climate is warm, cold and humid, and there are many kinds of medicinal plants, such as Ligularia altaica, Emei, Solanum lyratum, Campanula, Hedyotis diffusa, Erigeron breviscapus, Oregano, Sesame, Thalictrum nigrum, Calendula, Potentilla tenuifolia, Xu Changqing, Euphorbia fischeriana, Geranium, and Euonymus japonicum.

C. Mountain cold temperate coniferous forest

It is distributed between 2 100-2900 meters above sea level. The vegetation type belongs to subalpine coniferous forest, and there is only one species of coniferous trees, namely Ling Xue spruce, which is unique to Tianshan Mountain. Woody medicinal plants include Sorbus tianschanica, wild apricot, wild walnut, Betula tianschanica, Lonicera setifolia, Lonicera parviflora, willow holly, etc. The undergrowth vegetation is well developed with a coverage rate of 70-80%. Herbaceous medicinal plants mainly include Solidago, Valeriana officinalis, Aconitum woodlands, Eupatorium adenophorum, Leontopodium and Taraxacum mongolicum. In addition, there are Erigeron breviscapus, Geranium geranium, Gentiana obliquus, Gentiana Sinkiangensis, Swertia japonica, Herba Ephedrae, Dianthus chinensis, Codonopsis Sinkiangensis and Polygonatum Sinkiangensis.

D. subalpine cold meadow

It is distributed at an altitude of 2900-3 100 meters. The climate is cold and humid, and the vegetation composition is rich. Perennial plants are dominant, and the coverage rate can reach 90%. Dense shrub Caragana often forms on wet steep slopes and valleys. The medicinal plants distributed in this area are Gracilaria, Gentiana scabra, Thalictrum sagittatum, Cymbidium sinense, Eupatorium adenophorum, Melilotus flavescens, Alpinia oxyphylla, Leonurus japonicus, Clematis, Bupleurum, Arnebia euchroma, Polygonum viviparum, Polygonum cuspidatum, Junggar, Morning glory, Mume and Leonurus japonicus.

C. Alpine meadow

It is distributed in high mountain areas with an altitude of 3 100-3400 meters. The climate is cold and humid, and there is no frost occasionally in summer. There are Arctic alpine plants and Arctic fruits. Medicinal plants include Polygonum viviparum, Euphorbia pekinensis, Thalictrum alpinum, Astragalus alpinum, Gentiana alpinum, Leontopodium, Saussurea alpinum, Saussurea tenuifolia and so on.

D. alpine cold cushion vegetation

Distributed at an altitude of 3400-3700 meters. The climate is cold, the daily temperature difference is large, the physical weathering is strong, and the water is insufficient. It has obvious xerophytic properties, including small and narrow strip-shaped cushion vegetation and rust-colored, gray-green shell lichens. Medicinal plants distributed in Xinjiang are Saussurea involucrata, Potentilla Erhuashan, Dryopteris crassipes, Polygonum viviparum, rabbit ear grass, Aconitum rotundifolia, Tianshantianpeng, Rhodiola sachalinensis and Tianpengpeng.

E. alpine snow belt

It is distributed in the alpine area above the snow line, covered with ice and snow, and the climate is cold, which is not conducive to the growth of various plants.

2) South slope of Tomur Peak

The south slope of Tomur Peak has a unique landscape with obvious vertical distribution. Its main features are dry climate, great vertical changes in temperature and precipitation, and wide distribution of temperate deserts and grasslands. There are few plant species, and their vertical distribution zones are roughly as follows: temperate desert, mountainous temperate desert grassland, mountainous cold temperate arid grassland, subalpine cold temperate grassland, alpine cold meadow, alpine cold cushion vegetation and alpine ice and snow belt.

A. Temperate desert

It is distributed in the piedmont area below 1900 meters above sea level. The climate is dry and hot, forming a typical desert landscape. Medicinal plants are mainly distributed in Wang Ba, Pipa Chai, Nitraria, Equisetum, Ephedra, Hedyotis diffusa, Plantago, Burdock and Xanthium sibiricum. In addition, on the low mountain arid grassland with an altitude of 65,438+0,000-65,438+0,400 meters, there are also Chiba fruit, Sophora alopecuroides, Tamarix chinensis, Atriplex atriplex, Euonymus japonicus and Cynanchum atratum.

B. Mountain temperate desert grassland

Most of them are distributed at the altitude of 1900-2200m, but sometimes the upper limit can reach more than 2500m. With the increase of altitude, the temperature decreases, the sunshine time decreases and the underground evaporation weakens, but it is still strongly influenced by the arid climate. Vegetation is a transitional type from desert to grassland, with desert grassland landscape, covering 25-50%, and grass is generally 20-30 cm high. The medicinal plants distributed are Herba Ephedrae, Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, Camellia oleifera, Herba Ranunculi Japonicae, Oxytropis africana, Herba Ephedrae, Herba Ephedrae, Clematis Junggar, Croton Crotalaria, Potentilla, Rhodiola and Leontopodium.

C. Mountain cold temperate grassland

Distributed at an altitude of 22,002,600 meters. The climate is relatively warm and humid, and the plant coverage rate is above 30%. The main medicinal plants are Artemisia frigida, Leontopodium leonuri, Pulsatilla Altai, Gentiana scabra, Potentilla anserina, Artemisia argyi, Euphorbia helioscopia, Bupleurum Altai and Pedicularis Junggar.

D. Subalpine cold temperate grassland

Distributed at an altitude of 2600-2900 meters. It is hot in summer and cold in winter, and the climate is humid, which provides favorable conditions for grassland development, and the plant coverage rate reaches 70%. The distribution of medicinal plants is consistent with that of subalpine meadow on the north slope.

E. alpine meadow

Most of them are distributed at an altitude of 2900-3600 meters, and the local upper limit can reach 3900 meters. The medicinal species of plants are basically the same as those in the alpine meadow belt on the north slope.

F. Cushion vegetation in alpine region

There is little difference with the alpine cushion vegetation on the north slope; Cushion plants can be distributed on sunny slopes at an altitude of 4000 meters.

G. alpine snow belt

It is distributed in the alpine region above the snow line, covered with ice and snow, and the climate is extremely cold, which is not suitable for the growth of various plants.