What do Shanghainese mean by upper horn and lower horn?

The formation of the upper and lower corners. The Huangpu River flows from southwest to northeast. The southwest is the upstream, and the northeast is the downstream. There is still a "Xiahai Temple" on Kunming Road, Haimen Road, Tilanqiao today. When Shanghai was still a fishing village, people who went out to sea to fish would go out to this place. People in the south of the Yangtze River called "going to the sea" "Xiahai", hence the name. The place name of "Xiahai", whichever side of Shiliupu is upstream, is "Shanghai". As we all know, Chinese people have a very strong sense of region. Just like when we had a factory in other places, there were only more than 10,000 people, and there were people from Shanghai, Ningbo, Shandong, Anhui, etc. The big Shanghai, which is ten miles away, pays attention to status. There were more people of different social classes. The concessions were mostly in the southwest, and rich people mostly lived in the southwest. Large factories were mostly in the northeast, and poor people mostly lived in the northeast. Therefore, around the 1930s, People call the place where compradors, foreigners, and celebrities gather, Shangzhijiao. It mainly refers to the luxurious area that develops to the southwest with the current Huaihai Road as the center, and the poor residential area that develops to the northeast with Zhabei and Nanshi District as the center. It's called the lower horn. Hongkou District is also within Xiajiajiao. In fact, the upper and lower corners of old Shanghai are often very close to each other. It is formed on the opposite side of a river or in which street. One street (or one river) separates it, like two worlds. This is also the fundamental reason why there is no specific distinction between the upper horn and the lower horn and is always changing. People from the middle corner of Shanghai pointed out that the literati in old Shanghai could not afford to live in the upper corner and looked down on the lower corner. They lived more concentrated in the Sichuan North Road area of ??Hongkou District. They believed that the upper corner was only for the rich. The lower corner is where the poor live, so the place where Shanghainese who are neither rich nor poor live should be called the middle corner. Although the upper corner is not as good as the upper corner, it is much more decent than the lower corner. The upper corner, the lower corner plus the middle corner are the real Shanghai area pattern. However, this statement said that there was no market before liberation. After liberation, the concept of Xiazhijiao was narrowed to refer specifically to Zhabei, Nanshi and other places where people from northern Jiangsu live concentratedly. (Note: As far as the matter is concerned, I don’t mean to look down on people from northern Jiangsu. I If you marry a husband, he will be from Northern Jiangsu), so the theory of being hit by a horn is no longer relevant. The reason why I say that some netizens commented that Hongkou District is not just a small corner is also correct, this is where it comes from. The main difference between upper and lower angles lies in social life and culture. The difference between upper corner and lower corner is not a few beautiful houses, but a difference in lifestyle and social and cultural habits. This is why Pudong has been built so fast in recent years. Speaking of which, most of the tallest buildings in Shanghai are in Pudong. , but no one thinks that Pudong is the reason for Shangzhijiao. Speaking of the lower horn, Mr. Lu Xun’s wonderful pen describes it best: “If you walk into the alley of your home, you will see toilet bowls, eating baskets, flies flying in groups, children making noises in groups, some It’s a noisy little world with violent disturbances and scoldings.” Shanghai’s famous 72 tenants, referred to as the “second landlords” in Xiajiao, divide the house into various small rooms. , a small attic is built above it, in order to accommodate more people. The kitchen and bathroom are all shared, and the tenants are mostly people who come to Shanghai to make a living or escape from other places. Therefore, the people living here are of mixed composition, poor living conditions, and naturally have a lot of quarrels. They are very happy and busy, and they really want to enjoy themselves in the midst of hardship. In "Shangzhijiao", there are mostly quiet and elegant high-end alleys. Except for some boys and girls posing there, few people stop here. People living here do not visit each other, and neighbors do not interact with each other. Occasionally, three or two people gather together to talk in a low voice, and most of them are "aunts" or "masters" of a certain family. If a door suddenly opens to welcome or see off guests, people will just pretend to look at it casually and will not go around to watch. People hate the lower horn, and this is why they yearn for the upper horn. For a long time, the new upper horns and lower horns could no longer be heard. However, one day, we were surprised to find that the "upper horns" and "lower horns" were actually the same sounds. has always existed. Zhu Xueqin, a well-known professor at Shanghai University, said: “From the perspective of civilians rather than officials or literati, it is easy to discover that this city has a secret: Shanghai’s municipal construction investment is only in terms of the total investment per unit area. One area, which is what is called Xujiahui today, far exceeds the northwest and northeast areas. From a production point of view, most of the city's factories are in Yangpu, Zhabei and other districts in the northeast area; from a cultural production point of view. , most colleges and universities are concentrated in the northeast, but the investment in municipal construction in the new era is far less than that in the Xuhui District in the southwest. The past "Shangzhijiao" and "Xiazhijiao" continue to exist today, which I call them. :'The land tilts to the southwest'" Think about it, Hongkou District finally built a Sichuan North Road shopping street. Although it is the third famous shopping street in Shanghai, it is still known as the "civilian shopping street", Zhapu Road. Although the food street took the lead and was prominent for a while, it eventually had to give way to the Huanghe Road Food Street. well! While Shanghai is changing with each passing day, Upper Corner and Lower Corner are also returning to the horizons of Shanghainese people. Is this really a blessing or a great misfortune for Shanghainese people? The new division of the upper horn and the lower horn. Now that we have talked about the upper horn and the lower horn, you must also want to know how the upper horn and the lower horn are divided now.

Shanghai's first district consists of 17 districts and 1 county: Huangpu District, Luwan District, Xuhui District, Changning District, Jing'an District, Putuo District, Zhabei District, Hongkou District, Yangpu District, Baoshan District, Minhang District, Jiading District, and Pudong Xin District, Songjiang District, Jinshan District, Qingpu District, Fengxian District and Chongming County. The distribution areas of Xinshangzhijiao are: Huangpu District, Luwan District, Jing'an District, Xuhui District, and Changning District. The distribution areas of Xinxiazhijiao are: Baoshan District, Minhang District, Jiading District, and Songjiang District. This division is based on the recognition of cultural life and social customs. It seems that our Hongkou District is neither the upper corner nor the lower corner. However, I am still very proud to be a Hongkou District person. In fact, it is difficult to explain the upper angle and the lower angle. Some people say that there has never been a book or a summary that can make the Shanghainese of Huaihai Road in Luwan District and the Shanghainese of *** and Xinlu in Zhabei District understand each other. Identity refers to Shanghai, and it cannot even be recognized by the Shanghainese on Huaihai West Road and the Shanghainese living on Huaihai East Road. I think the same goes for my interesting talk about "upper horns" and "lower horns", so I'll just use this as a starting point. When will Shanghai's "land tilt to the southwest" end - the historical pain of "Shangzhijiao" and "Xizhijiao" Shanghai Municipal People's Congress representative Ji Baohong, chairman of Shanghai Wangyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., submitted a report to the ongoing Shanghai "Two Sessions" The proposal titled "Shanghai's "Land Tilt to the Southwest" Cannot Go On Anymore" aroused widespread response among the representatives. It is reported that Wangyuan Company is a company specializing in real estate development. Ji Baohong is a deputy to the Municipal People's Congress and vice president of the Zhabei District Federation of Industry and Commerce. He reflected in this proposal numbered 052: In the past five years, Shanghai's urban construction has made rapid progress, winning the attention and praise of the world. However, the uneven development of urban construction in Shanghai is another reality that has to be acknowledged. In terms of total investment per unit area, the city's municipal construction investment in the southwest area of ??the city, that is, Xuhui, Changning, Luwan, Minhang, Songjiang and other districts, far exceeds that of Yangpu, Zhabei, Baoshan and other districts in the northeast. In the past, the Huangpu River divided Shanghai into "two worlds", but today it is probably the Suzhou River that divides Shanghai into "two worlds". Why did the article "The Earth Turns to the Southwest" written by Professor Yu Wujin of Fudan University have such a great influence in the media outside Shanghai and on the Internet? Because everyone knows that this is a "secret" in Shanghai. The proposal believes that Shanghai's "land tilt toward the southwest" is not only caused by existing policies, but also has historical traces left by colonial culture. The original concession in Shanghai was in the area of ??Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road, while Yangpu, Zhabei, and Baoshan in the northeast were all factory areas. Today we should ask without evading the facts, when can the "upper corner" and "lower corner" formed during the colonial era be bridged? It is reported that more than 4,000 high-rise buildings have been built or are under construction in Shanghai, and most of the landmark buildings are concentrated in the southwest and Pudong Lujiazui areas. The issue of uneven urban construction in Shanghai and uneven development between central urban areas and suburbs was mentioned in speeches by many members of the CPPCC and National People’s Congress during the “Two Sessions” in Shanghai this year, so it is a topic of widespread concern. Ji Baohong believes that it is impossible for some areas of Shanghai to take the lead in becoming a world-class city, and urban development must emphasize balance. Shanghai is currently facing the climax of a new round of urban construction. In order to embody the "Three Represents" thinking, the new government can make a series of adjustments in urban development, with more "help in times of need" and less "icing on the cake". Ji Baohong suggested that, first, the control of high-rise buildings and building floor area ratio cannot be one-size-fits-all. Shanghai should control the total number of high-rise buildings. However, Yangpu, Zhabei, Baoshan and other districts not only lack urban landmark high-rise buildings, but also more modern high-rise buildings. Very few, therefore, controlling tall buildings is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Similarly, building floor area ratio cannot be one size fits all. The task of renovating old cities faced by the new government is still very heavy. However, the cost of relocation is different between the south and north of the Suzhou River. If the building floor area ratio is one-size-fits-all, no one will do it north of the Suzhou River. However, the historical task of renovating the old city north of the Suzhou River cannot be completed, and the old stone warehouses are crowded in small spaces. It is difficult for the citizens in the gate to truly say goodbye to the "seventy-two tenants" mentality. Under such material conditions, it would be difficult for the city leaders to implement "Be a Lovely Shanghainese" and it would be even harder to bridge the historical pain of "Shangzhijiao" and "Xiazhijiao". Ji Baohong also suggested that the World Expo could be moved to Chongming? Chongming is the "Great Northern Wilderness" of Shanghai, and the cross-river project is about to be launched. Without the modernization of Chongming, there would be no real modernization of Shanghai. If the World Expo is relocated to Chongming, the economic boost to Pudong, Baoshan, Zhabei, and Yangpu will be several times or dozens of times that of the original plan, and land prices in northern Shanghai will also rise significantly. From the perspective of balanced development, this will not only make 1/6 of Shanghai's land a hot spot, but will also enable 800,000 Chongming people and more than 80,000 Changxing and Hengsha people to enjoy the fruits of modernization, truly changing Shanghai's "land tilt to the southwest" Embarrassing history. In the eyes of old Shanghai people, location is extremely important. There used to be an upper corner and a lower corner. Upper corner refers to a place where compradors, foreigners, and celebrities live together. It is relatively quiet and is close to the downtown area, such as Yuyuan Road, Hunan Road, Yuqing Road, etc.; while lower corner has too many people and complicated public security. Places where poor and working commoners gather are usually named "Xjialong" or the like. Moreover, the upper and lower horns are often very close together. Separated by a street, it's like two worlds. Back then, in Shanghai, people with wealth and status lived in Shangjijiao, so the buildings were more beautiful, the streets were neat and beautiful, and there was no need to worry about security problems. The so-called warehouses knew the etiquette.

Lower Cape is especially a place where poor people gather. The streets are narrow, the buildings are dilapidated, and the environment is poor. Moreover, due to the poor hygiene habits of the residents, they even engage in petty theft, fights, etc., so it is relatively dirty and messy; Public security is also not guaranteed. The important reasons are: the government's public resource allocation is different, social wealth possession is different, and the quality of residents is also different. Therefore, many people praise the upper horn and belittle the lower horn. However, the upper and lower horns are not static. If the lower corner is rebuilt and people with money and status live in it, it will become the upper corner; and if the upper corner is filled with a large number of poor people, in a sense, it will not be so It's just a corner. In some of Shanghai's oldest neighborhoods, such as Hunan Road Street, after liberation, the original owners fled abroad, and many families lived in one big house. At this time, how much better can this upper corner be? As for the newly built communities in recent years, the older ones such as Gubei and Xijiao; the newer ones such as Biyun and Lianyang. Due to their beautiful environment and high-quality residents, they can all be regarded as newly created communities. Many people believe that the more expensive the house price, the higher the grade. In fact, there is also a misunderstanding in this. In today's Shanghai, the closer to the city center, the more expensive the housing prices are. The most typical ones are the inner, middle and outer rings. Between the three rings, housing prices almost double exponentially. Let’s take a look at Shipyard Road outside Zhongshan South Road, Taiyangshan Road at the train station, and Shouning Road in the Huaihai Road business district. They are all central urban areas. Every night after 6 p.m., the sidewalks on the Dongxin Road and Wuning Road sides will be completely blocked. The stalls of small vendors are occupied, pedestrians can only use non-aircraft roads, and the noise and filth stretch for several kilometers. Many residents who go shopping in summer are men wearing clothes and women wearing pajamas. All this reminds people of Tiexi District in Shenyang; in Wuhan There is also the Huxi Workers' Cultural Palace on Ning Road. There are not many workers' cultural palaces in Shanghai now. Therefore, the occupation level and education level of the original residents in this area are not high. Many middle-aged people are laid off, and young people are unemployed. If there is such a thing as the upper and lower horns, then unfortunately this is a typical lower horn; there are also Baiyu Road and Tanjiadu in the inner ring, where a large number of pheasants gather and the security is complicated; aren't these places Shanghai? The worst one? Even in Xujiahui, due to several IT hypermarkets, there are a large number of commercial and residential buildings along Caoxi North Road. The flow of people is complicated and the elevators are unbearably crowded. Because there are food stalls and restaurants along Tianyaoqiao Road, it is also very dirty and dirty. The neon lights change the color of the sky at night; it lacks some of the typical characteristics that Shangzhijiao should have: quiet, clean, and dim lights at night. , there are several beautiful small streets. Looking at COSCO Liangwan City again, the average price of this property was around 15,000 long before the policy control, so it should be considered relatively expensive. But obviously, its quality is not as good as Lianyang. This factor is quite complicated. Firstly, because of its geographical location close to the radiation circle of the train station. Secondly, the housing density is too high and it is called a Bastille by others. Finally, because the initial price of this property was only 3,000-4,000, and many of them were relocated residents. Liangwan City has been hyped up, one because of the Suzhou River, and the other because of the light rail. On the contrary, Caoyang Xincun and Lanxi Road are located inside and outside. You can go shopping on Lanxi Road in the evening. It is really a very good place. The surrounding Huaxi Road, Zaoyang Road, and Tongbai Road are all standard places to find peace and tranquility in the middle of a bustling city. They have good greenery and are much better than the one on Baiyu Road. . In particular, there are many new-generation mid-to-high-end large-scale communities built between the Central and Outer Ring Roads after 2004. For example, Lianyang is indeed a place valued by white-collar workers and the middle class. It is a purely new residential area where higher-quality people basically live together. . Moreover, many alleys and streets around the residential area are clean and the environment is beautiful. Don’t underestimate this, the quality of the alley largely determines the quality of a community. Most of the general buyers are high-quality white-collar workers, including many people who have graduated from universities or even postgraduates and come to Shanghai to find jobs, as well as foreigners and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. They pay attention to the quality of life and taste, abide by social ethics, and no one will litter from the window. There will be people spitting everywhere, community forums will be lively, and you can easily find like-minded young people in some surrounding sports and entertainment venues and in community online forums. Find good friends who work out, beautify, travel, and take photos together; isn’t this what we young people think of nowadays? Of course a good house is important; but good neighbors are definitely important too. A beautiful community must be maintained by the owners, and the culture of the community must also be consistent with that of the community. In the language of old Shanghai, "Shangzhijiao" and "Xiazhijiao" represent regional differentiation. "Upper corner" refers to the high-end residential area in the west area of ??the city, and "lower corner" naturally refers to those low-end residential areas. The rents of the two "corners" can differ by three to four times or even more than ten times. Shanghai's "land tilts toward the southwest" situation is caused by historical reasons. Before liberation, Shanghai's original public concession was in the Nanjing Road area. The French Concession is located around Huaihai Road, while Yangpu, Zhabei, and Baoshan in the northeast are all factory areas. The shadow of Shanghai's "upper corner" and "lower corner" bounded by the Suzhou River has "become a sociological genetic factor and is still taking root in the minds of some people." Before the development and opening up of Pudong, the concept of "I would rather have a bed in Puxi than a room in Pudong" caused many "Shangzhijiao" people in Puxi to live in attics with more than ten square meters for three generations. According to University of Chicago professor E. Burgess's famous concentric circle theory, urban development is more like a set of concentric circles, the core of which is the central business district (CBD).

Burgess believes that the central area is surrounded by residences for low-income families or commercial activities that are difficult to provide sufficient profits. After 1995, the transformation speed of Shanghai's central urban areas (Huangpu, Luwan, Jing'an District) has accelerated significantly. The construction of residential quarters in the suburbs and the edge areas of the central district (Yangpu, Hongkou, Zhabei, Putuo, Changning, Xuhui District) has developed rapidly, with a large number of residents The original residences in the core area of ??the central area are moved to large-scale new residential areas in the suburbs and the edge of the central area. Shen An'an, a researcher at the Institute of Population and Development of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, believes that there are many factors that affect Shanghai's population distribution. Government policies and planning, and adjustments to industrial layout are an important reason for Shanghai's population redistribution. In order to achieve the strategic goal of building Shanghai into an international economic, financial, and trade center, Shanghai began a major adjustment of its industrial structure and industrial layout. The proportion of industrial output value in the central city dropped from 53% in 1990 to about 28% in 1997, while in the suburbs It rose from 47% to 72%. The large-scale relocation of enterprises has led to changes in the residences of some enterprise employees. "The overall level of real estate prices and the differential price of land determine the degree of concentration of commercial, residential, industrial and other functional land." "Suburbanization" is inevitable in Shanghai. With the construction of inner ring roads, north-south elevated roads and other road facilities, as well as the major replacement of functions in the central city and the large-scale construction of new urban residential areas on the edge of the city, the overly dense population in the central city is rapidly moving to the edges. Urban proliferation.