What are the common injuries in travel and how to deal with them?

Tourism is not only a physical activity beneficial to physical and mental health, but also an arduous exercise. In the process of traveling, due to the change of living environment and climate, the life law of eating and sleeping is out of balance, and the amount of travel exercise is large and the spirit is relatively nervous, everyone will inevitably encounter various disasters and illnesses. Therefore, it is very important to master some simple prevention and treatment methods of common diseases in tourism. Here is a brief introduction to the treatment of some common diseases in tourism.

First, common injuries

1. Foot blisters and edema of lower limbs

Foot blisters are very common when traveling abroad, and improper handling will affect the smooth progress of tourism and cause infection.

To prevent the occurrence of foot blisters, we must pay attention to: First, shoes and socks should be suitable, shoes should not be too high or too small, it is best to wear semi-new rubber shoes or cloth shoes, girls should not wear high-heeled shoes with hard soles, insoles should be flat, socks should be free from damage and wrinkles, sand in shoes should be removed in time, and shoes and socks should be kept dry; Second, hiking should be gradual, first near and then far, with even steps and steady landing, not fast and slow; Third, burn your feet with hot water to promote local blood circulation before going to bed, and massage your feet with your hands.

diarrhea

Diarrhea is the most common tourist disease. At home, my eating habits are relatively fixed, and my stomach is used to this step-by-step work. Once away from home, especially in distant places, almost all tourists are used to ordering several local specialties, and the greater the difference from their eating habits at home, the better. For example, people who don't live by the sea will definitely order a table of seafood when they arrive at the sea. When Jiangnan people with light taste come to Chongqing and Chengdu, spicy hot pot is essential. The sudden huge contrast of diet often makes the stomach unacceptable for a while, which eventually leads to diarrhea.

Once diarrhea occurs, you should first seek medical advice or take some drugs to treat diarrhea. In terms of diet, it is best to fast for 8 to 12 hours after diarrhea, clear the stomach and let the stomach rest. Then, eat some "liquid" diets, such as rice soup, oil-free broth, fruit juice, filtered vegetable juice and so on. However, try not to drink milk and avoid irritating foods, such as coffee, drinks that are too hot or too cold, foods containing spices or fatty foods, so as not to aggravate the illness. After a day or two, you can consider eating porridge, pasta, fish, meat, tofu, eggs and so on. And pay attention to a small amount of meals.

Proper use of berberine and other drugs is a good medicine to prevent and treat diarrhea. If you feel upset after eating, or dissatisfied with the hygiene of the restaurant, or the food you eat is not very fresh, you can take 2 ~ 3 tablets of berberine immediately, which can play a preventive role.

wrench

On weekdays, many people are busy with their daily work, with little outdoor exercise and joint muscles. After going out for an outing, the joint muscles suddenly "move" after a long time, and injuries such as sprains are inevitable every year.

It is recommended to warm up at home for a few days, run and climb stairs before going out, so that joints and muscles can adapt in advance and avoid suffering when going out. In addition, it is best to choose softer casual shoes and sports shoes instead of leather shoes. It is best to choose cotton or hemp socks, because stockings are too slippery for long-distance travel.

After the joint is sprained carelessly, do not rub and massage immediately, but apply it with cold water or ice cubes immediately, about 15 minutes. Then wrap the sprained part with a handkerchief or bandage, or take local materials and apply externally traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and reducing swelling, so as to strive for an early recovery.

4. Prevent "travel fatigue"

Travel is prone to "travel fatigue", mainly due to excessive play and lack of sleep, and sometimes there are symptoms such as difficulty breathing, cold sweat, loss of appetite, thirst and general weakness.

Once it happens, it should be handled in time, stop lying down immediately, have a full rest and relieve fatigue. Give the tired people some sugar and drink some hot tea or light salt water (1g salt and 100ml water) until the symptoms are relieved or disappeared. In order to prevent fatigue on the way and thoroughly oxidize lactic acid accumulated in the body, you can eat vinegar properly; You can also eat more oranges, prunes and lemons containing citric acid; Pears, apples and cherries containing malic acid; Fruits and drinks such as loquat contain succinic acid. Secondly, try to move your waist and legs during rest, and those with traveling companions can massage each other to relax their muscles. Taking a hot bath before bed can relieve fatigue. In addition, when sleeping, the foot pad can be higher to facilitate the blood circulation of lower limbs and promote the elimination of fatigue; Drink plenty of water before going to bed to supplement the lack of water in the body.

Second, unexpected diseases and injuries in summer travel

1. heatstroke

Heatstroke is the most common disease in summer tourism, so we should pay great attention to prevention. Its symptoms are: sudden dizziness, nausea, coma, no sweat or cold, dilated pupils, pale face, high fever and even fainting. Before the onset, I felt dry mouth, dizziness, general weakness and black eyes. Therefore, travel in hot season must master the following five points:

(1) Try to wear light-colored clothes, and wear white, light-colored or plain clothes when traveling.

(2) Wear a heat-insulating hat, which can refract sunlight.

(3) Drink plenty of water, especially salty boiled water.

(4) Carry heatstroke prevention drugs with you, such as Ren Dan, cooling oil, wind oil essence and ten drops of water.

(5) In case of heatstroke, the patient should be carried to a cool and ventilated place to lie down and rest, unbutton his clothes and apply a cold towel to his head and neck. Let the patient take some Dan or ten drops of water. If the patient faints, you can pinch the patient's Renzhong point with your fingers, or acupuncture Xuan Shi point with your fingertips. Then he was sent to a nearby hospital for treatment.

2. Snakebite and poisonous insect sting

Summer is the season when poisonous snakes and insects are active, so we should pay attention to prevention in tourism activities such as mountain climbing.

In order to avoid being bitten by poisonous snakes when traveling, it is best to use a deep stick to clear the way in front and whip the grass on both sides while walking, which is called "startle the snake". If there is a snake by the road, it will run away when it is frightened. In addition, personal protection should be strengthened. When walking in the grass, it is best to put on long trousers, gloves and a straw hat when crossing low trees to prevent snakes from winding around the trees and biting people's heads or necks from above. When you go out, you should have snake medicine on hand just in case.

Don't run in panic after being bitten by a poisonous snake, so as not to accelerate the absorption and spread of venom. When giving first aid, the wound should be immediately ligated with rope, cloth, rattan, etc. to prevent the backflow of toxic venous blood. Then squeeze the wound to expel the venom. Spring water or cold boiled water can be used to wash the wound during extrusion, and 0. 1% potassium permanganate or physiological saline can be used if conditions permit. If there are fangs in the wound, pick them out at once. Then, use a clean knife to slightly enlarge the wound, then suck the venom out of the wound with a breast pump or cupping, and then rinse the wound with clear water. You'd better give snake medicine quickly, or send it to the hospital at once.

The poisonous insects that often threaten tourists in tourism mainly include scorpions, centipedes, poisonous spiders, wasps and spiny caterpillars. After being stung by these animals, the wound is itchy, red and swollen, accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness and muscle spasm. If you are stung by a stinging caterpillar (commonly known as itchy pepper), you can cut a piece of medical adhesive tape and stick it on the stung skin. Press it back and forth several times with your hand, and then peel it off hard to make the stinging hair stand up and the pain disappear immediately. If you are stung by other poisonous insects, you can squeeze out the venom, and then wipe the wound with soapy water, tobacco bag oil, vinegar, etc. Or mashing Portulaca oleracea, juicing, and externally applying the residue. It should be noted that bee stings are the same, and bee venom uses acidic drugs such as vinegar; Bee venom uses alkaline drugs such as soda water. Garlic paste is effective for centipede bites.

Tips for life: Tips for relieving pain

Getting sick during the trip is a very troublesome thing. Mastering some skills can help you cure some minor illnesses easily.

(1) Stop the headache: Press the temples on both sides of the head with the index finger (the temples are located in the depression between the brow tip and the outer corner of the eye 1 inch) until it hurts, and rotate it clockwise for about 1 minute.

(2) Stop stomachache: Massage Zusanli point on the patient's legs with both thumbs. Zusanli point is located 3 inches below the knee and at the finger of the lateral tibia. Press for 3 ~ 5 minutes after feeling swelling and pain.

(3) Relieve angina pectoris: Pinch the root of the patient's middle nail with the thumb nail to make it feel obvious pain, or press it for 3 ~ 5 minutes.

(4) Treatment of syncope: Squeeze the tiger's mouth (Hegu point) of the patient's hand with thumb and forefinger for more than ten times, and generally wake up.

(5) Treatment of constipation: When defecating, press the left Tianshu point (located 3 cm below the navel 1 cm) with the middle finger of the left hand for about 1 min until there is obvious pain. Chapter V Bad Living Habits

Living habits can also be called healthy behaviors, which refer to health-related behaviors in people's daily lives. Good living habits are the guarantee of health, while bad living habits are the catalyst of illness and premature death. According to the figures released by the World Health Organization in 1998, 60% of human death factors are caused by bad behavior.

The study also shows that among the top ten causes of death in China, unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors account for 44.7% of the pathogenic factors, and unhealthy lifestyles such as skipping breakfast, smoking for a long time, excessive drinking, staying up late, improper diet and lack of physical activity are the main factors leading to these diseases. Teenagers are in the plastic period of their living habits. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to have health, we should make up our minds to get rid of bad lifestyles and develop good living habits.