Yancheng Raiders in the Spring and Autumn Period Yancheng Map in the Spring and Autumn Period

1. Map of Yancheng in Spring and Autumn Period

Xinxiang is located in the north of Henan, surrounded by four ancient capitals: Anyang, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou and Luoyang. In the center of the ancient capital circle, it has never been an ancient capital, which is quite puzzling. There must be a reason for this.

Whatever the reason, there are always 100 reasons to refute this analysis of hindsight. Here, I don't want to I don't want to make unnecessary arguments. After all, the reason why Xinxiang is not an ancient capital is not simple. Here, Xinxiang is not an ancient capital, only geographically.

To become an ancient capital, there must be a prerequisite. At that time, there must be necessary living conditions to meet the needs of large-scale population gathering. The formation of big tribes in primitive society must follow certain conditions. For example, there must be enough water, collected food, hunting animals and arable land. Coupled with fewer geological disasters and natural disasters, it is difficult to become a tribe.

Some laws can be seen from the distribution of Neolithic sites. First, along the Yellow River, mostly distributed in the flat areas on both sides of the Yellow River; The second is arranged along the mountain and gathered at the foot of the mountain. The Yellow River not only provided sufficient water for early humans, but also provided necessary living conditions for nearby animals and plants, and provided water for cultivated land. Mountain areas enrich the local biodiversity and enhance the ability to resist natural changes, so disasters or climate change will not lead to the extinction of all living things; Mountainous areas are higher than plains, which can avoid most flood threats.

Turning over the topographic map of Henan, we can clearly see the landform of Henan. North Henan is rich in water resources, including Yellow River, Weihe River, Huan River and Qinhe River. Ensure adequate water supply. But in history, the Yellow River often burst, and people at that time had to avoid it, because the flood was a catastrophe. When the flood came, there was nothing. People and animals were gone. Therefore, a little higher at the foot of the mountain is a good choice. Zhengzhou, Anyang and Luoyang are all built by mountains and rivers, and Kaifeng is located in a low-lying plain. It was flooded by the Yellow River at least five times in history, so it became an ancient capital for other reasons.

Xinxiang, located on the north bank of the Yellow River, is not a central city in history. Xinxiang has long been under the jurisdiction of Weihui area, which is located in the north and has a certain distance from the Yellow River. Xinxiang lies in front of the city. Historically, Xinxiang County has been affected by the diversion of the Yellow River many times. The county territory is changeable, the population cannot multiply and gather for a long time, and the land desertification is serious. For example, Zheng Degong's "Xinxiang County Records" in the Ming Dynasty recorded that when the Yellow River moved south, a large amount of land was found in the county town, attracting people to farm. Later, jathyapple and Hong Men saw eight sights in Xinxiang. According to the county records, the sand is in the east of Hong Men. Although exaggerated, it can also be seen that the population was deeply influenced by the Yellow River at that time.

Xinxiang once had a battle of konoha, which was called konoha by later generations and was a strategic place. But the word konoha, "Erya" says: outside the city is a suburb, outside the city is a meadow, outside the meadow is a pasture, outside the pasture is a forest, outside the forest is a ridge, outside the ridge is a field, far away. What are grazing, grazing land, wasteland and wasteland? It can be seen that at that time, the land of Muye was far from the city, nor was it agriculture, only the ecological landscape with weeds. There will naturally be no big cities here.

To sum up, geographically, Xinxiang is not as good as other ancient capitals. In historical development, there is no large-scale population gathering, so the probability of forming an ancient capital is actually relatively small.

2. Map of Yancheng Tourist Area in Spring and Autumn Period

Scenic spot level: AAAA Ticket price: Spring and Autumn Yancheng Ruins Park: 20.00 yuan Opening hours: 09:00~ 17:00.

3. Spring and Autumn Yancheng Road Map

Yancheng Tourist Area in Spring and Autumn is located in the central city of Wujin District, Changzhou City. The core part of the scenic spot is the Yancheng site in the Spring and Autumn Period, covering an area of 1, 0.

4. The geographical position of Yancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Yancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period is a well-preserved ground city site built in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as Yancheng Site. Yancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period is located in the central city of Wujin District, Changzhou City. The core part of the scenic spot is the Yancheng site in the Spring and Autumn Period, which covers an area of 300 hectares and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Archaeology confirmed that it was built in the Spring and Autumn Period. 1988 is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. At present, it has been listed in the preparatory list of applying for world cultural heritage by National Cultural Heritage Administration. It is the most complete and oldest ground city site in China since the Spring and Autumn Period.

5. How to draw the map of Yancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period?

The History Museum of Nanjing Museum tells the historical evolution of Jiangsu from prehistoric civilization to the late Qing Dynasty. As the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties and a prosperous place since ancient times, there are too many stories to tell.

Part I: Prehistoric sites.

The exhibits here are mainly fossils of prehistoric creatures, including dinosaurs, mammoths and sea lilies that I first saw. As a marine creature, it can be said that it is a coincidence to leave such a complete fossil.

Part II: Primitive society.

Many ancient civilization sites have also been discovered in Jiangsu, such as Tangshan and Changzhou Yancheng, among which the most impressive is the tomb exhibition, which completely shows the process from equality for all to serious social stratification.

The third part: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.

The most well-known story is wuyue, and Gou Jian, the King of Yue, is also a masterpiece during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. But at the same time, many small countries were annexed by wuyue, wuyue by Chu, and then gradually merged with the Central Plains culture.

The fourth part: Han Dynasty.

The dispute between Chu and Han took place in Jiangsu. After the establishment of the Han dynasty, the enfeoffment system was adopted, and the Guangling seal was unearthed in Jiangsu, which is also the treasure of the town hall. This baby seal is as big as a nail, but it is very fragile.

Part V: Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The story of the seven sages of bamboo forest is widely circulated, and the tomb bricks and glorious period of the seven sages of bamboo forest are also well-known through national treasures, so you can enjoy them at close range here!

Part VI: Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The establishment of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has made Jiangsu a granary of the world, and the culture of the western regions has also spread to the south of the Yangtze River through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, becoming a place where cultures meet. What impressed me the most was the female bun in the Tang Dynasty, and its richness is worthy of paying tribute to Teacher Tony in the Tang Dynasty!

Part VII: Song and Yuan Dynasties.

With the rise of Yangzhou, the black and white ornamentation of Cizhou Kiln is distinctive. The most amazing thing about this part is the complete map of Pingjiang House embedded in the ground, and the squares and shops are clearly marked!

Part VIII: Ming

Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing and hid in the Ming Tombs. Here you can see that plum bottles are rewarded with white glaze, which is the treasure of the town hall. Only when you see it can you truly appreciate the beauty of misty rain like sky blue!

Part IX: Qing Dynasty

With the rise of Suzhou, there is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below. With the rapid development of handicraft industry and art, Kunqu opera, Yunjin, Suzhou embroidery and gold foil are colorful. I'm afraid we can't copy them all now.

How many things in the past, how many times in the conversation.

6. Spring and Autumn Yancheng Map HD

On September 14th, the 15th year of Chongzhen (AD 1642), Kaifeng City had been besieged by the invading King Li Zicheng for four months. Kaifeng was the only important town of Ming Dynasty in Henan at that time, and it was also the seat of Zhou Fu. The Ming army in the city, under the supervision and intimidation of the imperial court, is doing the last battle of the trapped beast.

At this time, Kaifeng city has run out of ammunition and food, but every family in the city cooks and smokes, and pedestrians are cut off during the day. Even soldiers eat dung maggots, cement and horse manure. Bones piled up in the city and the whole city was in ruins. Survivor 1 1/2, shriveled as a ghost. Under the river bank, they beat bones and suck marrow. From Caomen to the North Gate, three or four hundred soldiers starved to death. Officers and men without food will naturally be distracted and have no fighting capacity.

Just when the Yugoslav capital was about to be breached, a big flood suddenly happened, which flooded the whole Kaifeng city. Fourteen nights ago, I heard Hebo's voice from a distance. At dawn on the fifteenth day, the water came to the gate. Turbid waves fly, the earthquake sounds like thunder, and the street pavilion turns into Zeguo. Only the spire of Suoguo Temple and the roof of Bell and Drum Tower are exposed. 370,000 soldiers and civilians gathered in the city were buried in the belly of fish, and only 30,000 people survived. Since then, Kaifeng City has disappeared from the map for 20 years, and a once prosperous land and water city has turned into yellow sand and white grass, as well as the scenery of the hill market. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), the Qing government was in muddy cement sand.

How did this human tragedy happen? Let's open the historical materials and see what happened.

Li Zicheng's theory of sleep and peace

Officials in the Ming Dynasty believed that it was a man-made disaster of the peasant army in Li Zicheng. 055-79000 records: Huang Zhu, the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture, reported to Emperor Chongzhen: I waited very hard, but the thief was angry and the city could not keep on, so I dug a canal and cut off the river, so I didn't want to keep it. When Li Zicheng saw that Kaifeng City could not be attacked for a long time, he became angry from embarrassment, so he tore open the riverbank and flooded Kaifeng.

Some scholars hold this view and talk about cause and effect with their noses and eyes. Zhang Dai's Records of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty said that when Li Zicheng attacked the city, the defenders shot him blind in one eye. In retaliation for Kaifeng soldiers and civilians, he ordered the whole city to be flooded. It is also described in Qi Qi's The Continuation of Stone Chambers and Tan Qian's A Brief Introduction to the Ming Dynasty.

The more credible material is Guo Que written by Bai Juyi who participated in guarding the city in Kaifeng. He said that Li Zicheng had been besieged for several months, but the soldiers and civilians in the city vowed not to surrender thieves. In September, the autumn rain continued. Thieves dug dikes in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and forcibly built dikes in the southwest and east, leaving only the river flooding and flooding Kaifeng City from the north.

Jin Lu, the frontier history revised by the rulers of Qing Dynasty, basically adopted Li Zicheng's viewpoint of digging rivers and flooding cities. Ming Shi said that in September, thieves broke the river. "Ming History-Biography of Emperor Zhuang Lie" says that thieves break the river. "Yang Chuan of Ming History" said that Majiakou River was opened by itself. Repeatedly stressed that Li Zicheng dug rivers to fill Kaifeng City.

However, this record cannot stand scrutiny. That is, putting water on the city and destroying it is inconsistent with Li Zicheng's strategic intention.

What did Li Zicheng open the seal for? When people have two opinions.

A man said that he would benefit his precious children and get gold, silver and jade articles;

Second, he said that he would establish a base area based on Bianzhou Wang Zi, such as Liu Ji based on Ye Feng, where the capital is.

Li Zicheng besieged the city in April, the latter is more likely, but in any case, he has no reason to be destroyed by stormy waves and turbid water when he is outnumbered and the city is thousands of miles away. The policy of replacing soldiers with water in history is not without it. For example, Guan Yu flooded the Seventh Army, and Du Chong Xiahou decided to stop the nomads from entering the Yellow River. But it is mainly used to destroy the enemy in a decisive battle, or to stop them when pursuers are defeated and flee. Where will there be a complete victory, from destroying the results? As for Li Zicheng being shot blind, it is only isolated evidence that he wants to kill his elders in Kaifeng, and there are no other records. Probably the author. This is hearsay.

So, is it possible that at this moment, a large number of reinforcements arrived, and Li Zicheng was afraid of being attacked by the Ming army inside and outside the city, so the river flooded away? Let's look at the situation at this time. This is the third time that Li Zicheng has besieged Kaifeng. Drawing on the experience of being repelled by reinforcements twice before, he prepared for a long-term siege and assistance. However, it was difficult for the Ming court to carry out effective encirclement and suppression at this time. the next day

So the culprit is the loyalist? The officers and men tried to drive the rebels out, but they were ruthlessly drowned?

Interestingly, for the flood in Kaifeng City, some history books still accused the thieves of breaking the water cruelly in the previous article, but later pointed the finger at the official army. As the aforementioned biography of Sun Chuanting wrote:

In September, Kaifeng was trapped for a long time, and the city guards were tired. Governor Gao Mingheng, the official went to Huang Zhu, took the Yellow River to Kaifeng in the north, and waited for the rivers around the city to irrigate themselves; Seeing that the thief was cheap and humble, he thought he would burst its banks. Like a mountain, it comes from Beimen Road and goes out from the southeast gate.

The name is clearly written. It was Gao Mingheng, governor of Kaifeng, who ordered Huang Zhu to dig the Yellow River.

Similarly, Tan Qian's "Stone Chamber" also has such a passage:

Huang Zhu, an official of Kaifeng Prefecture, was so clever that he drowned thousands of people, all gnashing their teeth.

The history books written by the same person actually put Jue and Yancheng's pots on opposite sides. Is there anything hidden behind this contradictory narrative? Influenced by the class position, ancient literati hated the peasant army, regarded it as a thief, avoided the official army, and blamed all the bad things on the peasant army. But when the author was writing the history book, he forgot to delete some original materials because of the voluminous volume, revealing the clues?

Zhao, an official of the Ming Dynasty, told Yao, a peasant army, after Li Zicheng captured Beijing. On September 15, he was leading troops to demolish the city wall. Just as the wall was about to be torn apart, the flood suddenly came. The peasants were unprepared, and the next camp was flooded, losing 10 thousand troops. This must be the loyalist Xiahou _ who was afraid of losing the city and being punished by Chongzhen, so he flooded the city first. The officers were afraid of sin and flooded the city. That's what the peasant army said about Kaifeng's water resources decision.

Huang Zhu and Gao Mingheng have sufficient criminal reasons and great motives. However, there is a problem here. The Ming army guarding the city was trapped in the city and became turtles in a jar. Why did you run outside the city to dig a river bank?

The truth is confusing. To find out the reason, we need to dig deep into historical materials, and it is best to find first-hand information at that time.

Possible truth

Zheng Lian, Jeff, was born in Shangqiu, Henan. At the age of fifteen, he was captured by the Li Zicheng army. He spent many years in the army of Li Zicheng, and wrote The Lack of the Country, which is an important historical material for studying the Li Zicheng Uprising. He was on the scene when Kaifeng was flooded. He refuted the two versions of the rebels and the official army. He said that different people in the world were trapped in Kaifeng. Some people said that thieves decided to irrigate the Yellow River, which was not true. No true loyalist decides the city and fills it. Those who cover the Kaifeng, Heaven also. Later, he quoted Wang Zishou's poem Bian Yulue from Kaifeng at that time: It rained day and night in August, and the water on the city was taken from the gate. The purpose is to show that the continuous rainfall has caused the river to surge and burst its banks.

Kaifeng, the north temperate monsoon climate, the lunar calendar in August and September, frequent precipitation, heavy rain. Modern hydrological data show that the water volume of the Yellow River from July to September accounts for 60% of the annual water volume, which must be related to the breach of the river bank.

However, even if there is abundant rainfall, if the river bank is solid and impregnable, it is not easy to flood the whole city. We looked up the historical records and found more.

In June and July of that year, precipitation was scarce and the moat dried up. In order to strengthen the city defense ability and increase the water volume of the moat, Gao Mingheng, the governor of guarding city, made a decision to fill the moat with water from the Yellow River. Bai, a man guarding the city, recorded in Walking in the Girder Palace that Governor Gao Mingheng sent someone to sneak out and sent a message to Yan Yunjing, a Hebei reinforcement outside the city, asking him to dig a river bank in Zhujiazhai section of the Yellow River to divert water to irrigate the river. This passage is also described in the biography "Bian Wei Wet Wipes Record", but it is said that Yan Yunjing planned the irrigation thief to send Mei Sheng.

Zheng Lian also recorded that in June, Renqi saw Huang Liu slowly moving eastward, and there were several canals in the south, such as wiping traffic, hiding thieves, making it go upstream, and filling moats.

At this time, Li Zicheng also sent a letter of surrender to the city, saying: If you resist, the Yellow River will be cut off in a few days, and you will be buried in the belly of a fish.

According to all kinds of news, Li Zicheng did destroy the riverbank in June.

This time, Li Zicheng did have a reason to destroy the riverbank. At this time, unlike September when there were no soldiers and no food in the Ming Dynasty, the reinforcements in Dingsi Town were advancing to Zhuxian Town. Although it was intercepted by the peasant army, it was not annihilated. The peasant army is really facing the pressure of seeking help to attack the city, hoping to break the city and end the battle as soon as possible. Destroying cities with water is a military option.

However, due to the scarcity of precipitation in June, the water flow is not large. Water is slow, but it can be done or not, which is harmless to the city. On the contrary, three days later, the moat was slowly filled. People use net fish to satisfy their hunger, and thieves, soldiers and horses can stop moving forward. The farmers dispersed the loyalists, but they did their best to help them.

Although the hole dug by loyalist was blocked by mud at first, and the hole dug by Li Zicheng was blocked by a trickle, the lack of rain in June and July was only a temporary phenomenon. The geotechnical structure of the Yellow River Dam has been destroyed. Finally, in September, the flow of the Yellow River increased greatly and the levee was finally submerged. The monstrous flood washed away the dam and completely buried Kaifeng.

7. Map of Yancheng Ruins Park in the Spring and Autumn Period

Admission to the night park (6.28-8.3 1) 132 yuan. Other tickets are: Spring and Autumn Park Tickets (to Ruins Park) 160 yuan; Yancheng Spring and Autumn Park (send ruins park) tickets for the elderly and children are booked in 80 yuan; Entrance ticket for college entrance examination (to Ruins Park) 100 yuan; Adult ticket bamboo raft coupon 180 yuan. The Spring and Autumn Park in Changzhou Yancheng, Wujin is based on the political, military, economic and cultural aspects of the Spring and Autumn Period. In the form of scene experience, it combines static viewing projects, interactive performing arts projects and experiential amusement projects under the artistic conception of Spring and Autumn Culture.