[Postmodernist paradigm and its application in the field of tourism] Major paradigm changes in the field of developmental psychology

Abstract: Postmodernism is an artistic, social, cultural and philosophical trend that occurred in Europe and the United States in the 1960s and became popular in the West in the 1970s and 1980s. Starting from the concept of postmodernism paradigm, this article introduces the background, representative figures and basic characteristics of postmodernism, and discusses the application of postmodernism paradigm, especially its application in the field of tourism.

Keywords: postmodernism; postmodernist paradigm

1. What is the paradigm of postmodernism

(1) Postmodernism

The essence of postmodernism is to abandon the basic premises of modernity and its normative content. In postmodernist art, this abandonment manifests itself in the rejection of modernist art as an autonomous value that differentiates a cultural field, and the rejection of modernist principles of formal definition and partisanship. Its essence is a kind of intellectual anti-rationalism, moral cynicism, and emotional hedonism.

(2) Postmodernism paradigm

Metaphysics, Dadaism, anti-form, games, chance, disorder, technical exhaustion, speechlessness, procedural improvisation , participation, counter-creation, deconstruction, opposition, absence, dispersion, inter-textuality, rhetoric, syntax, parallelism, metonymy, hybridity, superficiality, counter-interpretation or misunderstanding, signifier, anti-narrative unofficial history, personal speech patterns , desire, change, transfigured androgyny, schizophrenia, traces of otherness, the Holy Spirit, irony, uncertainty, immanence.

2. The background and representative figures of postmodernism

(1) Origin

Postmodernism takes post-industrial society as its background. In the 1960s and 1970s, late modernism began to spurn growing examples of self-referential formalism that denied abstract art any dissident function or meaning within a social framework.

(2) Representative figures

Robert Venturi’s thoughts on architecture are directly aimed at modernism and avant-garde art theory. Another leading figure is Oliva. There are also many self-critical artists, such as Sherman, Jeff Koons, Steinbach, etc., who openly claim a postmodernist position. Those who have compared the characteristics of modernity and postmodernity in depth are Ihab Hassan and Lyotard.

3. The basic characteristics of postmodernism

(1) Pluralistic nature.

Contrary to the centrality and unity emphasized by modernism, postmodernism focuses on the disappearance of opposites. As far as art is concerned, the postmodern perspective no longer emphasizes the opposition between literature and philosophy, fiction and non-fiction, art and non-art, or literature and other arts. On the contrary, it believes that fiction and non-fiction, literature With philosophy and other arts, narrative works and non-narrative works can interpret their meanings through mutual reference and difference, and show independence through differences.

(2) Negativity of thinking.

Postmodern thinking emphasizes doubting history, doubting ultimate value, and doubting the origin and certainty of meaning. They maintain a sense of relativism and believe that relying on the latest scientific achievements in buzzwords cannot express the essential special phenomena, because the world is always developing, its meaning is constantly generated in understanding and explanation, and it can never be subject to Any single system or assertion.

4. Application of Postmodernism Paradigm

(1) Theoretical Application

1. Anti-Essentialism

Opposes to reduce and generalize things and find out what is behind the phenomenon The essence or depth behind the appearance can extract the essence of all complex phenomena. Pay attention to the many complex and changeable phenomena in modern society, and between people and society, and believe that phenomena are more important than essence, edges are more important than centers, tolerance is more important than arbitrary attitudes, and an open democratic atmosphere is more important than monopolistic thought control. discourse of power.

2. Anti-authoritarianism

In the postmodern cultural context, thought, knowledge, aesthetics and media are no longer the privileges of knowledge experts and intellectual elites, and truth is also It is not an idea unique to intellectuals, but a resource that people can obtain in the process of moving towards freedom and liberation.

3. Counter-Enlightenment

Postmodernism strives to break this instrumental rational enlightenment, emphasizing an irrational, emotional, and humanistic difference to break the same Holistic, through the thinking method of grasping the constants in change and analyzing the constants in flow, we can obtain the true wisdom in the information society.

(2) Application in the field of tourism

1. Landscape design and garden art

For a long time, gardens, streets, and gardens have gradually evolved over the course of history. Urban forms such as courtyards, archways, religious shrines, etc., as symbolic systems that fully express urban architecture and urban imagery, have been demolished and destroyed, thus threatening the continuity and sustainable development of the overall urban landscape. Consciously preserving these traditions will enrich the local character.

It has explored aspects such as coordinating the protection of historical and cultural relics and the construction of modern urban landscapes, improving the urban landscape, and improving the ecological environment in the central area of ??the city. It has also given reasonable changes and continuations, leaving us with a lot of thoughts and inspirations.

2. History and retroism - the return to tradition

Metaphor and decoration - the exploration of cultural connotations

Humanity - full of innovation and Emotional design

3. Theme restaurants and theme parks

Restaurants that are anti-conventional and have outstanding characteristics, such as Japanese theme restaurants, which are tailor-made according to the trend and focus on story-telling menu design. Anime version of magic school restaurant, elegant version of Victoria maid cafe, prison restaurant, drive-in restaurant, couple restaurant, pet restaurant, sports restaurant, etc.

4. Postmodern tourism concept under the influence of postmodernist philosophy

(1) The value (purpose) of postmodern tourism

Postmodern tourism is A new tourism proposition put forward after severe criticism of the instrumental rationality and utilitarianism manifested in modern tourism in leisure, communication and aesthetics. Its essence is to treat tourism with an open, freewheeling and game mentality. We should use the multi-culture, multiple choices and multiple paths to crack the public nature of modern tourism, peel off its commercial coat, return to the original face of tourism, and reconstruct the empiricist essence of leisure, communication and aesthetics. Experience the colors of life in the unpredictable outside world, thereby rebuilding the imagination and creativity of tourism. In terms of tourism value (purpose), postmodern tourism makes a flat attempt without depth. It no longer pursues or dissolves the image connotation behind tourism, nor does it pay attention to the steady cultural depth.

(2) Consumption tendencies of postmodern tourism

Emotionalization of consumption needs, personalization of consumption content, experience of consumption value, initiative of consumption methods, and improvement of consumption awareness Greening and beautifying consumption motivations.

(3) Landscape planning and design of postmodern tourism

Postmodernism opposes the elitism of art with the popular nature of art, and opposes the refined artistic taste with vulgarity and life-oriented. He advocates the disappearance of boundaries between various categories of art, art and life, and the purpose of art is to create an overall scene. In the postmodern era, irony, metaphor, humor, eclecticism, historicism, and non-connected orderly systems are all allowed.