What is the particularity of special tourism?

Special tourism is a new form of tourism, an improvement on the basis of conventional tourism such as sightseeing and holiday tourism, and a development and deepening of traditional conventional tourism, so it is a higher form of characteristic tourism activity product. The concept of "special tourism" is usually called "theme tourism", "special tourism" and "characteristic tourism". The special tourism mentioned here refers to the special theme tourism activities developed and organized in a targeted manner to meet the special interests and needs of tourists. According to the development of special tourism and the nature of actual experience, it is compared with sightseeing and holiday tourism.

1. In the value orientation of tourism consumption, special tourists pay attention to autonomy, individuality and purpose, sightseeing pays attention to the perception of external landscape, and holiday tourism pays attention to leisure and enjoyment.

2. The experience mode of special tourism emphasizes mental and physical factors. Tourists perceive the outside world in sports and get spiritual satisfaction in taking risks or facing a brand-new environment. Tourists themselves have a high degree of autonomy and initiative in organizing their trips.

3. The means and methods of special tourism include human operation (hiking, hunting, mountaineering, camel team and bicycle tourism) and self-driving motor vehicle operation (automobiles, motorcycles and other motor vehicles).

4. The routes and regions of special tourism have great particularity. Continuous tourism has a long span and a long time, and the compounding of tourist destinations is a prominent feature of special tourism. The natural environment and human environment of special tourism are very primitive, and the areas that the tourism passes through are usually frontier (frontier), ancient (with a long history of civilization), barren (desert, inaccessible places), strange (unique topography), dangerous (mountains, dangers and poor water) and few (inhabited by ethnic minorities). The resulting tourist routes and projects are fresh, exciting and adventurous for tourists.

Tourists who take part in special tourism activities generally have the spirit of adventure and tolerance for hard conditions, and generally choose like-minded people as travel companions. There are different cultural norms.

6. The product connotation of special tourism will change with time, and the special aesthetic taste and characteristics of special tourism will gradually emerge in the process of development. Its connotation also varies from country to country. For example, car travel is quite common in Europe.

7. According to China's national conditions, special tourism generally adopts unconventional modes of transportation and sometimes passes through closed areas, so it is a product that needs special approval in policy.

As a form of tourism, special tourism has the characteristics of providing food, accommodation, transportation and sightseeing services for tourists besides sightseeing and holiday tourism. Its main content is to participate in tourism with tourists, provide services in participation, and guide tourists to achieve their tourism goals with their own professional knowledge. This kind of tourism activities have a wide range, often involving remote and sparsely populated areas, and the way of tourism activities is extraordinary and extremely difficult. As far as China's actual situation is concerned, there are large geographical spans, trips with cars, bicycles and motorcycles as tourist vehicles, and sports trips with non-competitive events such as skiing, rock climbing, rafting, hot air ballooning and gliding. Adventure trips to mountains, canyons, deserts, caves and inaccessible areas, as well as scientific investigation trips to natural and human landscapes with short-term viewing, reconnaissance and visiting as the main forms of tourism, can all be included in the special tourism scope.

Special interest tourism

Characteristics of special tourism

China has entered the stage of large-scale development of tourism products, holiday tourism products are in the stage of active development, and special tourism is just in the initial stage of development. From the point of view of practical operation or theoretical analysis, the main characteristics of special tourism, which are different from conventional tourism projects such as sightseeing and holiday tourism, are the primitive naturalness of its tourism ecological environment and cultural environment, the novelty and adventure of tourism projects and routes, and the independent participation of tourism forms.

The primitive naturalness of tourism ecological environment and cultural environment includes three aspects: first, it refers to the unique natural ecological scenery and relatively sparse population in tourist areas, and the ecological environment is relatively primitive due to low industrialization; Secondly, it means that the population in this area has a unique history and realistic culture, and its lifestyle and cultural model remain in a purely natural and primitive state, which is psychologically and culturally attractive to tourists. Because the psychological characteristics that make tourists choose to travel to a certain place are to understand, observe and experience different cultures different from their own cultural models; Third, it refers to the special tourism projects and routes designed on the basis of the above two contents, which should reflect the requirements of relatively concentrated characteristics of specific tourism ecological environment and harmonious coexistence of natural geographical conditions and human conditions. Projects and routes can make tourists experience psychological feelings that they have never experienced before.

The second characteristic of special tourism is the novelty and adventure of tourism projects and routes. The so-called novelty means that in the design of projects and lines, it has a clever idea of combining a sense of history with a sense of reality, has a novel perspective, can highlight one or two themes and is unique. Even if other countries or regions have similar projects or routes, they should have the advantages of relatively concentrated natural ecological environment and humanistic characteristics in design, and this should be reflected in every point of specific projects and routes. Every program arrangement should be unique and novel, so that tourists feel that unexpected content appears every day. The so-called adventure, that is, tourism projects and routes have some degree of adventure factors. For tourists, their requirements for material enjoyment are relatively low, but by paying attention to the spirit or psychology, they have a sense of satisfaction in testing their abilities. Adventure projects and routes should have enough content for tourists to show their abilities, including physical strength, endurance, ability to deal with emergencies and psychological quality. Generally speaking, many characteristic tourism projects and routes are arranged in alpine valleys, grassland lakes and desert Gobi areas with difficult natural environment, unsatisfactory transportation and communication conditions and accommodation conditions. There is a universal psychological factor at work, that is, the desire to explore, seek differences and conquer different forms of natural environment, especially the desire to explore and conquer nature. The design of characteristic tourism projects and routes should satisfy this psychological desire. Of course, whether it is novelty or adventure, there must be a reliable safety factor, which can not only ensure that tourists can experience the adventure factors contained in the project and route to the maximum extent, but also ensure the safety of tourists as much as possible in the operations of reception, tour guide and contact. Both must be unified.

The third feature of special tourism is independent participation in tourism forms. This is mainly because, on the one hand, many designed projects should provide tourists with the best possible service; On the other hand, there is a lot of room for tourists to participate independently. For example, within the permitted scope, overseas travel agencies can request to increase or decrease the content of projects or routes according to the special needs of tourists; During the implementation of projects and routes, carefully arrange some contents that tourists are willing to participate in, such as bringing their own vehicles, bringing their own tents, participating in preparing meals, organizing entertainment activities, and even participating in eliminating pre-arranged "dangerous" or occasional "dangerous" situations, and ask for some specific contents to be revised. At this point, organizers should fully understand the cultural psychology of tourists and try their best to meet their reasonable requirements in this regard. The independent participation of tourists in the process of participating in special tourism has changed their role and psychological passivity in conventional tourism to a certain extent, making tourists feel that special tourism is an opportunity to give full play to their potential and talents, so that they can enjoy the happiness and joy of their potential and talents in exploration while experiencing and enjoying the natural scenery and humanistic customs. The above three characteristics of special tourism constitute the basic elements that distinguish it from conventional tourism, and also determine that it has many characteristics different from conventional tourism in the specific operation process.

Development and management of special tourism

I. Concept

Special tourism is a new tourism model and a new tourism product developed correspondingly, which corresponds to traditional tourism and conventional tourism such as sightseeing, vacation and business tourism, adapts to market demand and satisfies tourists' special preferences. Characteristic tourism pays attention to individuality, strong purpose and participation. Its continuous tourism spans a long time, its destination has obvious complexity characteristics, and the environment it relies on has strong primitiveness, naturalness and ecology.