What are the famous ancient tombs, ancient cultures and historical tourist attractions in China?

Qianling?Mausoleum

Ganling is a unique mausoleum in China and even in the world where two emperors and a couple were buried together. Li Zhi, the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in China's history, are both buried in it, and they are national key cultural relics protection units. It was built in 684 AD and took 23 years to complete.

Ganling was built in 684 AD, and it took 23 years for the project to be basically completed. Magnificent momentum. There are three peaks in Liangshan, with the northern peak being the highest, with an altitude of 1047.9 meters. The two peaks in the south are low-lying, east-west, with Sima Dao in the middle, so they are named "Feng Ru". According to historical records, the mausoleum originally had two inner and outer walls, four city gates, and many magnificent buildings such as Xiandian Quelou. Exploration shows that the total area of the inner city is 2.4 million square meters. There are Zhuque Gate in the south, Xuanwu Gate in the north, Qinglong Gate in the east and Baihu Gate in the west. Stepping on the stone steps from the gate of Ganlingtou, there are 537 steps, and the height difference of the steps is 81.68m.. Walking through the steps is a flat and wide road until you reach the Tang Gaozong Mausoleum Monument, which is called Sima Dao. Huabiao 1 pair, winged horse ostrich 1 pair, Shima 5 pairs, Weng Zhong 10 pair, and 2 stone tablets on both sides. There is no word tablet in the east, and there is a sacred tablet in the west. There are 6 statues of Wang Bin 1 statue, 6 lions1pair and 7 tombs1pair around. The 2-meter-high tombstone of Tang Gaozong Mausoleum was erected by Emperor Gao Zongli in Biyuan County, Shaanxi Province. The original tombstone has been destroyed, and it is now rebuilt during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. On the right front of this monument, another tombstone inscribed by Guo Moruo is "Tomb of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Zetian Emperor", 12 Chinese characters. In addition, outside the South Gate, there are two "memorials" and "wordless monuments" praising Emperor Gaozong and Wu Zetian, as well as 61 stone statues of leaders of China's ethnic minorities and envoys of friendly countries who attended the funeral of Emperor Gaozong. In the history of China, the number, types and placement of stone carvings in front of the mausoleum began to have a fixed system, which continued until the Qing Dynasty, and the past dynasties were similar.

Zhaoling

Zhaoling, located on Jiuyang Mountain, 22.5 kilometers northeast of Liquan County, is the tomb of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin. Emperor Taizong began to build Zhaoling after the death of his eldest grandson in the tenth year of Zhenguan, and completed it in the twenty-third year of Zhenguan, which lasted 13 years. The tombs of the emperors in the Tang Dynasty abandoned the methods of excavation and burial in the Qin and Han Dynasties, but followed the popular methods since the Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties, choosing natural peaks with excellent feng shui and digging the middle of the mountains as tombs. From the appearance, the mountain peaks are tall and straight, and the momentum is compelling. In contrast, tall tombs, such as Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, are slightly inferior in form. The Zhaoling Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty is a precedent for the emperors to rely on mountains as their tombs.

Zhaoling is the tomb of Li Shimin, the emperor who founded the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was so prominent before his death that he was called "Tiankhan". After his death, his mausoleum was also the largest in the Tang Dynasty and the largest royal cemetery in the world.

huangdi mausoleum

Huangdi Mausoleum is located at the top of Qiaoshan Mountain in the north of huangling county, Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province. Huangdi was a great tribal leader at the end of primitive society in China. The yellow emperor's surname is gongsun. Because he is longer than Ji Shui, he is surnamed Ji. He once lived in Xuanyuan Mountain (now Xuanyuan Mountain, Xinzheng County, Henan Province) and was named Xuanyuan. The ancestral home is a bear, but there is a bear in Naihao. Also because of advocating soil morality, the soil is yellow, so it is called Yellow Emperor. Huang Di was born in Shouqiu, Shandong, died in Jingshan, Henan and was buried in Qiao Shan, Shaanxi. Huangdi went down in history with the great achievement of unifying the Chinese nation for the first time. He planted hundreds of plants and trees, vigorously developed production, created characters, started making clothes, built boats and cars, invented compasses, fixed arithmetic, created melodies and created medicine. He is the ancestor who initiated the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

The Yellow Emperor Temple is square, with its gate facing south and imposing momentum, and the word "Xuanyuan Temple" is written on its forehead. There is a main hall in the temple with a large plaque with the words "ancestor of mankind" hanging on his forehead. There is a huge memorial tablet of the Yellow Emperor in the center of the hall, which reads "Xuanyuan Huangdi Position". The "Yellow Emperor planted cypress" in the temple courtyard is said to have been planted by the Yellow Emperor himself, more than 4,000 years ago. Giant cypress height 19 m, under the trunk 10 m. There is a saying that "the seventh floor is eight and a half, Gree Pagoda is not counted", and it is known as the father of cypress trees in the world. Another tall cypress tree is said to be the "weeping cypress" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, also known as "general cypress". There is a tablet pavilion in the temple, which contains about 50 stone tablets. The contents are mainly the "imperial sacrifices" of emperors in previous dynasties and the records of the tombs in previous dynasties.

Yandiling in Zhuzhou

Yandiling, also known as the "Mausoleum", is located at the foot of Yanling Mountain, southwest of Yanling County, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province/0/5 km away from Kloc. According to legend, in ancient times, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Emperor Yan Di Shennong, visited the south, tasted herbs and collected medicines, and treated people. It's a pity that he accidentally tasted poisonous weeds and died, and was buried here. Emperor Yan was a great man, who developed primitive agriculture in China and was the founder of farming culture. He created a wooden plow, taught people to farm and increased the output of crops; He tasted all kinds of herbs and treated human diseases. He was the first discoverer and user of Chinese herbal medicine. He also used fire to benefit mankind, made musical instruments and advocated material exchange. In historical legends, Emperor Yan is a god who is inseparable from invention in agriculture, industry, commerce, medicine, literature and other fields, so the descendants of the Chinese people all worshipped him very much and worshipped him.

Yandi Mausoleum was built in the fifth year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 967). After the song dynasty, it was destroyed by war many times. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was renovated and its scale was continuously expanded. The existing Yan Di Mausoleum was rebuilt in 1988, and the building is still in the style of the previous generation, but the scale has been expanded. At present, the mausoleum covers an area of 24 square kilometers, surrounded by green trees and mountains and ancient shadows. The golden wall of the mausoleum hall is brilliant. The building of Yandiling is divided into five entrances: the first entrance is the meridian gate, which contains Danqiu, and there are tablet rooms on the left and right, and there are stone tablets in the tablet room; The second step is to salute the pavilion; The third entrance is the main hall with double eaves at the top of the mountain; The fourth entrance is the tombstone pavilion, which contains a stone tombstone that reads "Tomb of Emperor Shennong of Yan Di"; The fifth room is the bedroom of Yan Di Mausoleum. A red fence more than ten feet high was built around the mausoleum hall. There are also large-scale ancient buildings around, such as Shengfeng Temple, Hu Zhenguan, Angel House, Chongde Square, Regeneration Pavilion, Shishe House, Yongfengtai and Feixiang Pavilion.

tomb

Dayu Tomb is located at the foot of Huiji Mountain in the southeast suburb of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. It is the burial place of Dayu, an ancient water control hero, more than 4000 years ago. Dayu Tomb, east-west, is composed of three buildings: Yuling, Yuci and Yu Miao, which are in one place, while the latter two are produced by the former. For example, in architecture, Yu Miao should be the first.

At the entrance of Yuling, there is a Qingshibei Square, followed by a Shinto with a length of 100 meters. There are five pairs of stone carving beasts on each side of Shinto. At the end of Shinto is Dayu Tombstone Pavilion, in which stands the "Dayu Tomb" stone tablet inscribed by Nandaji, the magistrate of Shaoxing in Ming Dynasty. There are also Sophora japonica, pine and cypress, bamboo and other plants in front of the mausoleum. Dayu Tomb is one of the famous scenic spots in southeast China, which has rich historical, cultural, artistic and tourist values.

Ming Tombs

The Ming Tombs, located at the southern foot of North Tianshou Mountain in Changping County, Beijing, are the general names of the tombs of thirteen emperors after the Ming Dynasty moved their capital to Beijing. The mausoleum covers an area of more than 40 square kilometers, with Zonghe River in the east and Longhu Mountain facing east and west, with beautiful scenery and magnificent momentum.

Among the Ming Tombs, the magnificent Changling on the ground and Dingling on the underground palace are the most famous. Changling Baocheng is 340 meters in diameter and about 1 km in circumference. There is a crib on the upper part, which looks like a brick castle with a high enclosure inside. Below is the location of the underground palace. Maun Temple is the most spectacular, located on a three-story stone platform, surrounded by white marble guardrails. The stone platform is about 3 meters high and covers an area of 1956 square meters. Nine rooms are wide and five rooms are deep, with yellow tiles and red walls and double eaves; There are 32 Jin Sinan wooden columns in the temple, the maximum diameter is 1. 17m and the height is14.3m. The beams, columns, purlins, rafters and bucket arches are also made of nanmu.

Mingling mausoleum

The Ming Tombs are located at the southern foot of Zhongshan in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Zhu Yuanzhang and Ma Huanghou, the Ming emperors, were buried here. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), Zhu Yuanzhang beat Li Xin, an official of the military viceroy, and presided over the construction of the mausoleum. In August of the following year, Ma Huanghou died of illness and was buried in this mausoleum in September, named "Xiaoling". The name of Xiao Ling takes its meaning from the word "filial piety" and means "ruling the world with filial piety". It is named after Ma Huanghou's "filial piety". In the 16th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1383), Xiaoling Temple was built in May. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (AD 1398), Zhu Yuanzhang died of illness and was buried with Ma Huanghou in this mausoleum. The ancillary works of the Ming Tombs continued until the third year of Yongle (A.D. 1405).

The Ming Mausoleum is large in scale and magnificent in architecture, and its shape has been improved with reference to the tombs of Tang and Song Dynasties. The mausoleum covers an area of 22.5 kilometers, with tall halls and magnificent pavilions. Half of the 70 monasteries in the Southern Dynasties were enclosed in forbidden gardens. There are 100000 pine trees and1000 deer in the mausoleum, and a silver medal of "stealing to death" is hung around each deer's neck. In order to defend the Xiaoling Mausoleum, there is a shrine overseer inside and a Xiaoling Guard outside, with more than 5000 to 10000 soldiers guarding it day and night. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited the Mausoleum in person, and appointed two guards and forty mausoleum households to allocate some funds to the company. In the third year of Xianfeng (AD 1853), Xiaoling area became an important battlefield for the confrontation between Taiping Army and Qing Army, and almost all the wooden buildings on the ground were destroyed.

The buildings in the tomb area are roughly divided into two groups: the first group is Shinto, from Xiamafang to the main entrance of Xiaoling; The second group is the main part, from the main entrance to Baocheng, Minglou and Chongqiu. Existing buildings include Martyrs Mountain Monument, Forbidden Monument, Xiamafang, Dajinmen, Sifang City, Immortal Merit Monument, Stone Statue Weng Zhong, Yu He Bridge, Lingmen, Monument Pavilion, Xiaoling Hall, Dashiqiao, Baocheng, Tomb and Monument Pavilion, and Appreciation Hall built in the late Qing Dynasty.

Qingxiling in yi county

Qingxi Mausoleum is located in the west of Yixian County, Hebei Province 15km at the foot of Xiyongning Mountain in Lianggezhuang. Qing Xiling is one of the tombs of the Qing royal family, which is located about120km west of Beijing. Lingqu is connected to Zijingguan in the west, Yishui in the south, and faces Langya Mountain across the water. The mausoleum is surrounded by mountains, pines and cypresses, and the scenery is elegant. The mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is divided into two places at the pass. Zunhua County is located in the east of Beijing and is called Dongling. Yixian Mausoleum is located in the west of Beijing, called Xiling. Since Yong Zhengdi, the system of "Zhao Mu" has been implemented, with one east and one west, where generations get together and grandparents and grandchildren are buried in one place. During the Qianlong period, the father and son were ordered not to be buried in one place after their death.

Royal Mausoleum in Eastern Qing Dynasty

Qing Dongling is located at the foot of Changrui Mountain in the west of Malanyu, Zunhua County, Hebei Province. Dongling was built in the second year of Kangxi. The west of Qing Dongling is about125km from Beijing. It is one of the two mausoleum areas built near Beijing after the Qing Dynasty unified the whole country.

Dongling Mausoleum in Qing Dynasty started from Malanyu in the east, Huanghuashan in the west and Wuling Mountain in the north. Tiantai Mountain and Yandun Mountain face each other, and the natural entrance and exit in the middle is called "Longmenkou" or "Xinglong Kou". A fire tunnel with a length of 190 km and a width of 20 feet was opened around the mausoleum. There are red piles along the fire path, white piles 20 feet away from the red piles, and green piles 20 miles away from the white piles 10. Besides the green piles, there is also an official mountain 20 miles wide. The mausoleum covers an area of about 125 km from north to south and 20 km from east to west, with a total area of about 2,500 square kilometers. The scale is extremely grand and the building system is complete.

Lin Kong

Kong Lin, located in Qufu City, Shandong Province, is the family cemetery of Confucius and his descendants. This is the longest family cemetery in the world. After textual research, Kong Lin has lasted for more than 2340 years. According to records, Confucius was buried here after his death. The original cemetery is about 1 hectare. Later, after the emperors granted the land, it reached more than 3,000 mu in the Qing Dynasty. The wall of Kong Lin is 7 kilometers long and has more than 65,438+0,000 tombs. Graves are everywhere in the forest, and there are groups of stone tablets. There are also ancient Changchun Square, Zhisheng Forest Square, Temple of Appreciation, Pavilion of Opening and Pavilion of Residency.

Kong Lin Shendaochang1.266m, a cypress and cypress, stands on the path and is flourishing, mostly planted in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At the end of the forest road is the wooden archway of "Knowing Lin Sheng", which is the gate of Kong Lin. From here to the north is Erlinmen, a castle-like building, also known as "Guanlou". Around the city wall, it is 4 meters high and 7,000 meters long. There is a river in the forest wall, which is the famous holy water-Zhushui River. Not far from the north of Zhushui Bridge is the Appreciation Hall, which is the place where incense tables are placed when offering sacrifices to Confucius. There are stone beasts in front of the temple, such as Weng Zhong, Wang Zhu, Wenbao and Jiaoduan. The tomb of Confucius is located in the northwest of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In front of the tomb stands the monument of "Dacheng to Wenxuan King's Tomb" erected in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1443). In the east is the tomb of Kong Li, the son of Confucius, and in the south is the tomb of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. This cemetery pattern was called "holding children and grandchildren" in ancient times. There is also the "Zigong Lu Tomb" nearby. According to historical records, after the death of Confucius, all his disciples built the tomb of Lu Shou and mourned for three years. Only Zi Gong was deeply in love and kept the tomb alone for three years. In the Ming Dynasty, the three houses were rebuilt and commemorated by a monument. There is a tree before the pavilion, which is said to have been planted by Zigong himself.