How to use ppp model to promote tourism development

actually, tourism is the earliest industry that introduced PPP mode in China. The White Swan Hotel in Guangdong is among the first batch of BOT projects in China. Later, the application of PPP model did not seem to attract enough attention from the tourism industry. Today, with the surge of PPP mode, the tourism industry urgently needs to think about how to apply PPP mode to promote the development of the industry. It is advisable to take the development of tourist attractions as a breakthrough and give full play to the role of PPP model.

□ Wen Xingjun

PPP (public-private partner-ship) mode, that is, the cooperation mode between the government and social capital, refers to the benefit sharing, risk sharing and long-term cooperative relationship established by the government with social capital through franchising, purchasing services and equity cooperation in order to enhance the supply capacity of public products and services and improve supply efficiency. PPP mode originated in Britain in 199s, and was widely used in infrastructure construction. Its specific operation modes include BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer), BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer), BOO (Build-Own-Operate), ROT (Reconfiguration-Operate-Transfer) and so on.

On April 23rd this year, the executive meeting in the State Council proposed that "social capital, especially private investment, should be allowed to enter some fields with natural monopoly, which were dominated by government funds and state-owned enterprise investment in the past". For this purpose, the Ministry of Finance specially set up a PPP work leading group and PPP center, issued the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning the Implementation of Demonstration Projects of Cooperation between Government and Social Capital (Caijin [214] No.112) and the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Operation Guide of Cooperation Mode between Government and Social Capital (for Trial Implementation) (Caijin [214] No.113), announced 3 PPP demonstration projects, and conducted many major trainings for officials of the financial system. The National Development and Reform Commission also issued the Guiding Opinions on Cooperation between Government and Social Capital (Development and Reform Investment [214] No.2724), which stipulated the main principles, project scope and working mechanism of PPP. The Notice on Issuing the First Batch of Projects to Encourage Social Investment in Infrastructure and Other Fields (Development and Reform Foundation [214] No.981) was issued, and 8 first batch of projects to encourage social investment in infrastructure and other fields were announced. For a while, the PPP model was hot and became a topic of widespread discussion in society. It can be predicted that in a long period of time in the future, the development of PPP mode will become an important trend of China's investment and financing system and mechanism reform and management model innovation.

actually, tourism is the earliest industry that introduced PPP mode in China. The White Swan Hotel in Guangdong is among the first batch of BOT projects in China. Later, the application of PPP model did not seem to attract enough attention from the tourism industry. The National Development and Reform Commission's Guiding Opinions on Cooperation between Government and Social Capital (Development and Reform Investment [214] No.2724) has included tourism in the scope of application of PPP projects, but there is no tourism project in the list of projects published by the Ministry of Finance and the Development and Reform Commission in the first round.

as a pillar industry of the national economy, the development of tourism is closely linked with the whole economic and social development. Only by keeping up with the pace of the times can we better adapt to the new situation and identify new opportunities in the new normal. Today, with the surge of PPP mode, the tourism industry urgently needs to think about how to apply PPP mode to promote the development of the industry. The author thinks that in the traditional sectors of tourism, such as hotels, travel agencies, tourist attractions, etc., the most suitable application of PPP mode is the development of tourist attractions, so it is advisable to take the development of tourist attractions as a breakthrough and give full play to the role of PPP mode.

for a long time, there are three key problems that have plagued the development of scenic spots. One is the difficulty in financing, the other is the difficulty in coordinating the relationship between the main body of scenic spot project development and the government and the residents around the scenic spot, and the third is the difficulty in rationalizing the development management system. Applying PPP mode is just the right medicine.

first, the application of PPP model is conducive to alleviating the financing problem of tourist attractions. The large investment scale, long recovery period, narrow financing channels and high investment risks of tourist attractions projects make financing difficult to become a major bottleneck in project development. On the one hand, applying PPP model, innovating investment and financing mechanism and introducing social capital investment can alleviate the shortage of government construction funds. Reducing the financial burden of local governments and resolving local debt risks is one of the main starting points for the relevant state departments to promote PPP model. On the other hand, the government supports projects that introduce social capital through investment subsidies, fund injection, guarantee subsidies, loan interest subsidies, etc., and strengthens social capital confidence.

second, the application of PPP model is beneficial to deal with the relationship between the government and the main body of project development in scenic spots. The resources of tourist attractions involve a wide range, and the project development involves many departments. The specific rights and obligations such as the ownership and use right of tourist resources are easy to make the entanglement between the government and the main body of tourist attractions project development unclear. In practice, the relationship between the government and the main body of tourist attractions project development is not clarified, which often leads to contradictions and even conflicts, thus affecting the development process and hard-won brand image of tourist attractions projects. When the government deals with these contradictions, it always tries to find solutions, or avoids disputes and suspends development, lacking overall solutions. Using the coordination mechanism of PPP mode, the government and the main body of scenic spot project development plan together, fully negotiate, lay out the rights, obligations, responsibilities and risks of both parties, and fix them with the contract text to form a cooperative partnership with * * * interests and * * * risks, so as to minimize the administrative will to interfere with development, reduce the development effect and the government planning, and reduce unnecessary disputes.

thirdly, the application of PPP model is beneficial to deal with the relationship between the main body of project development and the residents around the scenic spot. The life of residents around the scenic spot will be directly or indirectly affected by the development of scenic spots, and vice versa. The main body of scenic spot project development can't coordinate the interests of the residents around the scenic spot by its own ability, which requires the government and the main body of scenic spot project development to fully consider the interests of all relevant parties including the residents around the scenic spot before signing the contract, make it clear that the government should strengthen the judgment of relevance, foresee and properly handle the possible negative relations around the scenic spot in advance, avoid writing blank checks for attracting investment, avoid the discontinuous cooperative relationship caused by the change of government and other factors, create a good development environment for project development, and ensure the smooth and orderly development of scenic spot project development.

fourthly, the application of PPP mode is conducive to giving full play to the professional advantages of the main body of project development in scenic spots. Let the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, not only to mobilize the funds in the market, but also to innovate the mechanism to make the professional talents, technologies, concepts and management of the market come alive and use. The main body of project development in tourist attractions uses their professional experience and ideas, and the tourism professionals use professional technology and management to plan, build, integrate, operate, package and promote tourist attractions, so as to make them more in line with market rules and meet the needs of the people.

fifth, PPP mode is a powerful starting point for tourism departments to guide the development of scenic spots. There are many centralized management departments in tourist attractions, and the development and management system is complex. The situation of water control in Kowloon has a long history. For a long time, the tourism department has lacked an entry point to guide the development of scenic spots, lacked the right to speak, and its professionalism has not been effectively brought into play. The application of PPP model can give the tourism department the opportunity to guide the development of scenic spots. When the tourism department is leading or participating in the formulation of the implementation plan of PPP mode, in the process of consultation between the government and social capital, it will give full play to its overall coordination function, put forward industry opinions, and standardize the development of various tourist attractions.

to sum up, the application of PPP mode is a practical means to solve the key problems in the development of tourist attractions. It's just the right time for the sword to be drawn. Under the background of constantly improving the policy environment and optimizing the system design of PPP mode, the tourism industry should strengthen relevant research, pay close attention to the latest reform of investment and financing system and mechanism and the development trend of management mode, plan the layout, solve problems and seek development with PPP thinking, and break the problem for the development of scenic spots projects with the rhythm of waiting for time.