Shadianqiao town

Shadian is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in southern Yunnan, and nearly 100 people have emigrated overseas. Most of them are single and have homes abroad. After decades of development, their second or third generation has come of age. 2 1 century, there were more than 200 Shadian people and their descendants living abroad, with the number exceeding 1000, mainly distributed in Thailand, Myanmar, Hongkong and Taiwan Province. Some of them have left Southeast Asia and lived in Europe, the United States and the Middle East. Most of them are engaged in commercial trade. Historically, the Muslims in Shadian had more contacts with overseas countries. There are three reasons: first, the pilgrimage to Mecca; Second, the outbound trade of caravans; Third, study abroad. These three activities give them more opportunities to get in touch with, understand and be familiar with overseas countries. However, Shadian people mainly immigrated overseas in batches before and after liberation. Judging from the migration time, it can be roughly divided into two situations:

1, moved overseas before liberation

1948165438+1October, 50 people including Bai Liangcheng settled in Myanmar from Fohai via Rhoda.

193 1 year, Mr. Bai Liangcheng was appointed by Yunnan Provincial Department of Finance to work in Sipu. 1935 worked in Nanqiao "Tea Experimental Farm", and based on this, Sipu Enterprise Bureau was established. After more than ten years of entrepreneurship, Sipu Enterprise Bureau has developed into a modern enterprise with more than a thousand employees, and nearly 200 young men and women in Shadian work in the enterprise bureau. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek was ambitious to do something important in the Xishuangbanna border region, determined to make the enterprise bureau more prosperous, and designed a grand plan for this, so he launched a civil war and managed to control the power and political turmoil in Yunnan. China Tea Company, established by the National Government in Xishuangbanna, attempted to annex Sipu Enterprise Bureau and monopolize the tea business. Therefore, Mr. Bai was forced to give up the development plan of the enterprise bureau and decided to settle abroad. This is the purpose of their emigration to Myanmar.

Shadian people who moved to Myanmar with Bai Liangcheng (then working in the Enterprise Bureau) included Bai Liangcheng's wife Sha Fengshu, daughter Bai Zhiqing, son-in-law Jin, Wang Bocheng, Lin Zaiwen, Ma, Sha Zhongyun, Wang Jiaquan, Ma Yunan, Lin Mingxi, Ma Shunwen, Ma Hongzao, Ma Hongxi, Ma, Lin Yongwen, Wang Zuming and Ma. , Lin Baohou, Ma, Lin, Wang Meicun, Wang Fencun, Ma Ziyun, Wang Mingke,, Lin Zengshu, Wang, Lin Peixiang, Wang Peiquan, Na Xing, Ma Xing 'an, Zhang Dexiang, Ma Zaiwen and Wang Shuangde. They settled in Myanmar first. Most people are in JD.COM, Myanmar, and use the horses of Buddha kelp to carry and do business. Bai Liangcheng and a few others have settled and started businesses in Yangon. In the late 1950s, most of them moved to Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai, Thailand, most of them settled in Chiang Mai, and some of them settled in Missay. Mr. Bai Liangcheng moved from Yangon to Missi in about 1962, and spent his old age in his daughter Bai Zhiqing's house.

Before liberation, a few people served in the Kuomintang army and served in the Kuomintang government. On the eve of national liberation, they fled to Taiwan Province Province with the Kuomintang. For example, Wang, who served in the Kuomintang army, went to Taiwan and worked in Chenggong Town, Taitung County. Lin Xingzhi, the former county magistrate of Aksu County, Xinjiang, left Xinjiang the night before liberation. After going to Taiwan Province, he was sent to Saudi Arabia by the Kuomintang government as the consul of Taiwan Province Province in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

2. emigrated overseas in the early days of liberation.

195 1 At the beginning of the year, for fear of "counterinsurgency" and "land reform" movements, some people left Myanmar from Shadian via Dali and Baoshan in western Yunnan: Wang, Ma, Wang,,,. They went to Myanmar first, and then to Thailand. Wang, Ma, Wang and Wang settled in Chiang Mai. Wang Chunshan settled in Taibei and Lin Xiangdong settled in Saudi Arabia.

In the early days of liberation, Lin Yongxing and Lin Huaying left the country to settle down. They left the country by bus from Kunming and went to Myanmar via Shimonoseki, Baoshan and Dehong. After Lin Yongxing moved to Chiang Mai, Thailand, Lin Huaying settled in Missay. In the early 1960s, Lin Yongxing moved to Hong Kong. In 1980s, his sons Lin Jie, Nan Lin, Lin Shan, his wife and daughter-in-law moved to Hong Kong successively. The situation of Shadian people living abroad, including distribution, occupation and culture, has great differences and changes between the first generation and the second generation.

1, allocation

The first generation of Shadian people are mainly distributed in Thailand, Myanmar, Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province, Saudi Arabia and other countries and regions. Thailand is the largest, mainly concentrated in Chiang Mai, Thailand, with dozens of households; More than a dozen households in Myanmar, four or five households in Hongkong, five or six households in Taiwan Province Province and two households in Saudi Arabia. Most of their children are married. These descendants of the second generation of Shadian people living abroad moved from Chiang Mai and Missai in northern Thailand to Bangkok, the first place in Thailand. In Myanmar, it has been transferred from JD.COM to Yangon; Some people who have received higher education have moved to western countries such as Europe and America, and some have moved (or stayed) in Hongkong, the Middle East, Taiwan Province Province and other regions, almost all over the world.

2. Occupational status

The first generation of occupations mainly includes:

First, business people account for more than half. Such as: Wang, Wang, Lin Yongxing, and that star. Some of them are engaged in jewelry and jade business, some are engaged in grain business, and some are big businessmen and bosses engaged in import and export trade; There are small businesses and vendors shopping on the beach.

Second, in Thailand and Myanmar, engaged in agriculture and service industry. Such as,, Lin Zengshu, Wang, Ma, Sha Zhongyun, etc. They are not rich.

Third, religious professionals and teachers. For example, Wang Chunshan was the imam of the Taipei Mosque in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century. Bai Zhiqing works as a teacher in a Chinese school in Missai, Thailand. Wang is now in charge of Wanghe Street Mosque in Chiang Mai.

Fourth, I work in the Kuomintang government of Taiwan Province Province. For example, the consul of Taiwan Province Province in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Wang worked in Chenggong Town, Taitung County, served in the Kuomintang army in Taiwan Province Province, and Lin Wanxing worked in the Kuomintang army, and so on.

Except for a few people, most of the first generation of Shadian people living abroad did not live well. They work hard and operate diligently, and can only support their families, just paving the way for future generations to enter the society of the country where they live. In contrast, their children have a much better life than them. This conclusion can be drawn from the second generation of occupation. The occupations of the second generation mainly include:

Inherit his father's business. For example, Wang's daughter and son-in-law have made great progress on the basis of their parents' business. Wang is in the jade business, but the target is small, so it can't be a climate. His son-in-law, Ma Jianbo, started a company, which traveled between Thailand and China for international trade. His business scope and economic strength have greatly developed. Lin Yongxing's three sons, Lin Jie, Nan Lin and Lin Shan, have more prosperous business activities than their father.

(2) As a company employee. For example, Ma's son works as an assistant manager in Thailand Daxing Tourism Co., Ltd. Wang Chunshan's son Wang Mengyang works in a company in Taiwan Province. Lin, the daughter of Lin Wanxing, worked in the Libyan office and commercial office of Taiwan Province Province. Their income is higher than their parents'.

(3) Engaged in translation. For example, Lin Xiangdong's son Lin Quan works as a translator in Saudi Arabia. The second generation of Shadian people living overseas generally know not only the language of the country where they live, but also Chinese. People with higher education also know English, so they are the best translators. So many people are engaged in translation.

(4) Engaged in scientific and technological work. Some people go to western developed countries to study abroad and learn modern scientific and technological knowledge, and stay in western countries to engage in scientific and technological business after graduation. For example, Lin Yukun, the daughter of Lin Yongxing, studied medical nursing, settled in Paris, France, and engaged in medical work.

The second generation of Shadian people living abroad have entered the society of the country where they live, and have made great progress and changed careers than their parents, taking root and developing abroad.

3. Cultural status

The first generation of Shadian people living abroad carried the dual culture of Han culture and China Islamic culture, strictly speaking, it was the Hui culture in southern Yunnan. Most of them intermarry with local people and integrate into the third culture, namely Thai-Burmese culture. However, Han culture and Hui culture still dominate. They adhere to the Islamic faith, can speak Chinese, can speak southern Yunnan dialect, and even can speak Shadian's "Quebafen" language; In Thailand and Myanmar, Hui Chinese communities with China characteristics have been formed, especially in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, and Hui communities in southern Yunnan have been formed. It has made historic contributions to international cultural exchange and integration. Some of them run enterprises through business, some carry out Chinese education and religious affairs, some write books and spread China culture (including China Islamic culture), and they have also made contributions to Thailand, Myanmar and other countries in absorbing foreign cultures, especially China culture, enriching themselves and developing themselves.

Most of them retain their China nationality and have a deep attachment to their motherland and hometown. Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in China, people who have the conditions have returned to China to visit relatives and friends. They set up Yunnan Hometown Association, and made great efforts to strengthen the ties and exchanges between Yunnan and Thailand, Myanmar, Hongkong and Taiwan Province, so as to contribute to Yunnan's opening to the outside world, facing Southeast Asia and the world.

The second generation of Shadian people living abroad still carry multi-cultures, namely, China culture, Islamic culture, Thai culture (Myanmar culture), and even are influenced by western culture. Their mother is probably a Thai (Myanmar) woman who once believed in Hinayana Buddhism and later converted to Islam. They have joined the nationality of the country where they live, and their cultural phenomenon is more complicated. However, they can all speak fluent Chinese, stick to their parents' beliefs and take the names of China people. China culture is still dominant, and they are deeply attached to their motherland and hometown.

Their education level and overall cultural level are generally higher than their parents', especially in the culture of their country of residence, western culture and modern science and technology. However, in terms of China's cultural foundation and Islamic cultural level, it is not as good as its parents. Nevertheless, they will certainly make greater contributions than their parents in international cultural and economic exchanges and in pushing Yunnan to Southeast Asia and the world.