Introduction and detailed information of Zuojiang

General situation of Zuojiang main stream, the largest tributary of Yujiang River, the upstream tributary of Xijiang River system. In ancient times, it was called Jinnan Water and Jinyuan Water, which originated from Konglong Mountain on the border between Vietnam and Guangxi. The upper reaches of the river are called Qiong Qi River (also known as Li Xi) in Viet Nam, and Pinghe River after entering China at the border of Pingxiang City. There is a tributary Shuikou River to Longzhou County, hereinafter referred to as Zuojiang. Pinger River basin covers an area of 7,066.5 square kilometers, including 6,468.9 square kilometers in Vietnam and 597.6 square kilometers in Guangxi. From Zuojiang River to Shang Jin, Longzhou County, a tributary of Lumen River with a drainage area of 6,379 square kilometers flows in from the right. Longzhou is also called Lijiang from the highest golden part. It flows through the junction of Tuohuai Village and Jiangzhou District in Chongzuo City, and another main tributary, Heishui River, flows in from the left. It flows through Chongzuo and Fusui County to Chonghetun, Funan Township, Fusui County, and the tributary Wangzhuang River (basin area1258km2, river length124km) flows in from the right. It flows to Song Cun, Hejiang Town, Xixiangtang District, Nanning (formerly Yongning County) and joins Youjiang River in Baise section of Yujiang River, which is the traditional starting point of Yujiang River and Yongjiang section of Yujiang River.

The main stream of Zuojiang River is 539 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 32,068 square kilometers, of which 1 1579 square kilometers (including the Shuikou River, the middle reaches of Pinger River and a part of Heishui River) are in Vietnam, accounting for 36.6438+0% of the total drainage area. The Zuojiang River and Mingjiang River basins are low rainfall and runoff areas, with an average annual runoff of 20.54 billion cubic meters.

Pinghe River, called Songji River in ancient times, belongs to the upper reaches of Zuojiang River and originated in the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam. The Qiong Qi River (its poor river) in the upper reaches of Vietnam enters from the west side of Pinggongling, turns to the northeast along the Sino-Vietnamese border, then winds to the east and south, flows to Bannitun, Pingxiang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, turns to Mona to Pingjia in the east longitude, turns to Puze in the north, then gradually flows to Tori in the northwest, then flows to the junction of Pingxiang City and Longzhou County in the northeast, and then flows to Longzhou County in the north along the dividing line. Pinger River passes through Pingxiang city about 19 km.

Within Longzhou County, Pinger River flows through Anzhen, Duck Water, Tuoben, Jugai, Xia Hong and Louyuanjiao from east to west, and it is called Zuojiang only when Ximatan meets Shuikou River.

Zuojiang section is located in Longzhou County. The main stream starts at the confluence of Shuikou River and Pinger River, flows eastward through Baisha Street, Diaoyutai, Ye Sha, Dawang, Nongmiao, Qinjiang, Hecun, Daan, Baixue, Feng Juan, Shaoshao and Xiangshui, and enters Chongzuo County at Tuomian, with a total length of 72 kilometers and a rainwater collection area of 1 2,877.

In Jiangzhou District, Chongzuo City, Zuojiang was originally named Lijiang. Jiangzhou River enters from the southwest, turns to the northeast, and passes through the central part of Jiangzhou District, which naturally divides the area into north and south parts. Within Jiangzhou, the river length is 139.6 km (including the junction of Longzhou County and Ningming County 18.6 km and the junction with Fusui County 2 1 km). The upper reaches enter from the southwest of Tuohuaitun, Anning Township bordering Longzhou County, and flow through Heping, Chongzuo (urban area), Laitun and Tuo.

In Fusui County, the Zuojiang River was called Luding River and Lijiang in ancient times. From Jiuan Village in Chongzuo in the west to Lailu Village in Fusui County in the west, it flows through six towns including Qujiu, Quli, Fu Nan, Xinning, Changping and Longtou, and flows into Yongning County from Naqin Village in Longtou Township. The basin covers an area of 2,638.7 square kilometers, and the length of rivers (main stream) in China is 93 kilometers.

Hydrological characteristics Average annual natural runoff for many years1741100,000 cubic meters; The maximum annual runoff is 26.7 billion cubic meters (1973), which is 2.78 times of the minimum annual runoff of 961000 billion cubic meters (1963). The coefficient of variation of interannual variation is 0.27. During the wet season, the runoff from May to 10 accounts for 86.2% of the annual runoff, and the runoff from June to September accounts for 72. 1% of the annual runoff. Zuojiang River Basin is an area where precipitation and runoff are highly concentrated.

Pinger reach in Pingxiang City has a river width of 120m in flood and 100m in flood. The narrowest place has a flood of 90 meters and a low tide of 50 meters; The water depth is 9 meters high and 2.5 meters low. The maximum flow rate is 5150m3/s (1September 955), the minimum flow rate is only 4.3m3/s (1May 958), and the average flow rate is108m3/s. ..

In Jiangzhou District, Chongzuo City, the maximum flow of Zuojiang River is 10400 m3/s, the maximum flow is 2.4m/s( 1968 measured by Laitun Hydrological Station, the same below), the minimum flow is 25.7 m3/s( 1980), and the average flow for many years is 5,700 m3/s. The annual maximum water level is 98.87m (1955, frozen foundation) and the minimum water level is 73.25m (1980); Watershed area (catchment area) 3 15 10 km2. According to the flood investigation results of Nanning Hydrological System Investigation Team 1957 in Chongzuo County in June, a flash flood occurred in Chongzuo reach of Zuojiang River in June, 188 10, and the flood peak elevation 1 10.79 m (Hongbiao is in the office on the north bank of Zhenjiang, Taiping)/kloc- The above three flash floods are the largest floods recorded in the literature. The Zuojiang River bed is low, the difference between flood and dry water levels is large, and the water lifting head on the north and south banks is high, so the development and utilization cost is high and difficult. The riverbed geology is mostly limestone, with only a section of Huayan and quartz porphyry sandwiched between the back of Gupo train platform in Heping Township and Gaotou River.

In Longzhou County, the water quality of Pinger River is turbid and yellow all the year round, and it is called "White Dragon" in "Shuanglong Grab the Pearl". The county is 30.3 kilometers long, and the rainwater collection area is 7 172 square kilometers (according to the data of Yashuitan Hydrological Station). The annual maximum flow is 54 10 m3/s, the average flow is 125 m3/s, and the minimum flow is16m3/s. The average annual runoff for many years is 3.938 billion cubic meters. Maximum water level 124.4m, minimum water level111.6m; The natural drop is 20m, the water energy reserve is10.4 million kilowatts, and the available power is 0.3 million kilowatts.

The maximum flow of Zuojiang River for many years is 6980m3/s, the average flow is 276m3/s, the minimum flow is 30m3/s, and the annual runoff is 8.636 billion m3. Longzhou Hydrological Station has a water depth of 4.6m, a discharge of 0.52m3/s, the highest water level 124.5m, the lowest water level 104.69m and a river width of 65439. Natural fall 13m, water energy reserve 1.9 1.04 million kilowatts, which can be developed and utilized. There are 16 beaches in Zuojiang Beach in the county, such as Dalmatia Beach, Hydrotalcite Beach, Hengjiang Beach, Natuo New Beach, Liu Shui Beach, Siba Beach, Shichang Beach, He Ling Cross Beach, Carassius auratus Beach, Lotus Leaf Beach, Upper Squeezing Beach, Lower Squeezing Beach, Feng Juan Beach, Tuoban Beach and Tuomian Beach.

Fusui County has a maximum flow of 84 10 m3/s, a minimum flow of 40.5 m3/s and an average flow of 664m3/s. The annual runoff is 20.9 billion cubic meters, with an average drop of 9.7m.. There are floods every year (the water level standard stipulates that the elevation of 70 meters is low flood, 76.5 meters is medium flood and 83 meters is high flood). ) 10 to 20 times, at least 4 or 5 times. The river bank is high and the river bed is shallow. The river twists and turns, with an average width of 200 meters. Both upstream and downstream are suitable for ships and sailboats. The total hydropower reserve is 38,600 kilowatts.

Pinghe River, the main tributary, is Pingxiang River, formerly known as Pinghe River, which belongs to Pinghe River system. It has two sources: one comes from the east of Pukouqi Mountain in the western mountainous area and flows through Bancha; One is from Narlian, Xi, a mountainous area in central China. Flowing through Naling, the two sources meet in Li Xia, from south to north, pass through Xinna, Banwen and Dazhuang to the urban area and meet with Napeng River, then turn northwest and flow through Yan Na, Zhukeng, Naxing, Huang Na and Naxi, then turn northeast and flow into Pinger River through the teahouse. The total length is about 28km, the drainage area is107km2, the water surface area is 0. 1 1 km2, and the average flow rate is 0.3m3 per second.

Sanlian River, a Pinger River system, originated in Zizong, Longzhou County, flows through Sanlian Nianshe and Puze, and flows into Pinger River, with a total length of 8 kilometers, a drainage area of 20 square kilometers, a water surface area of 0.02 square kilometers and an average flow of 0.04 cubic meters per second.

Hengle River, the Pinghe River system, originated at the foot of Xiulongling Mountain. From north to south, it flows through Napong, Aidi, Baikong, Song Cheng and Hengle and flows into Pinger River. The total length is 9 kilometers, the drainage area is 75 square kilometers, the water surface area is 0.02 square kilometers, and the average flow rate is 0.06 cubic meters per second.

Shuikou River of Zuojiang River System is a tributary of Zuojiang River, a tributary of the upper reaches of Xijiang River in the Pearl River Basin. Originated in Meng Ping, Napo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, it was rebuilt in Shuikou, Longzhou County after flowing through Vietnam. Vietnam is called Pingjiang, and Longzhou County meets Zuojiang River. Also known as the river, it originated near Guqiutun, a town in Napo County, and flowed into China from north to south through the street, through the customs, and then from Shuikouguan to Guiliu Zuojiang in Longzhou County. The inland river in the county is 9.4 kilometers long, and the rainwater collection area (including the rainwater collection area outside the county) is 0.78 million hectares. The maximum flow rate is 8 1 m3/sec, the multi-year average flow rate is 0.5 m3/sec, the minimum flow rate in dry season is 0. 16 m3/sec, the annual runoff is 42 million m3, and the theoretical reserve of water energy is128kW. The developable capacity is 48kW, and the power station was built in Meng Ping Street 1963, with an installed capacity of 28kW, which has been replaced by the power grid.

Mingjiang River originated in Ding Long, Shandagou, Shiwan, Shangsi County, and flowed northeast, then north, and then west to Shangsi County. It crosses Ningming County, flows northward into Longzhou County through Ningming County, and flows into Zuojiang River at Shangjinxu.

Heishui River originates from Dalongtan River at the foot of the rocky mountain on the east side of He Huan Village, Xinjing Town, Jingxi County, and flows southward. On the right side of Shijiudu Bridge, there is the Goose Spring River, hereinafter referred to as Difficult Beach Water. To the west of Xuyue Town, it meanders into Vietnam. There is a section of the Sino-Vietnamese border river, which enters the China border at Detian Village, Shuolong Township, daxin county, and flows eastward 19 km. There is Xialei River in Nianditun (also known as Luoshui, the upper reaches of which are in Jingxi County), named Guichun River, hereinafter referred to as Heishui River, which flows into Zuojiang River at the junction of Mianhe Village, Xiangshui Township, Longzhou County.

Miaohuaihe River, which originated from Baiti and Naqui Tushan in Sheshan, Debao County, is divided into two tributaries, Baiti and Naqui, and meets in the southeast of Miaotun, Nahuai Village, Longguang Township. It flows through Shangqin, Nianlie and Miaotun, flows to Dabang, flows to Jingxi Lake and flows into Zuojiang River. Flow 19.2km, basin area 186km2, average elevation of the basin of 490m, average flow of 3. 19m3/s, average gradient 18.0‰, natural drop of 350m, available drop of 20m, theoretical hydropower reserve/kloc-. By the end of 1990, six hydropower stations will be built along the coast, including Hua Shuang, Qintai, Duokui, Dabang, Nalong and Baibu, with an installed capacity of 15 and a capacity of 93kW.

Fusui county section, the main tributaries are:

Wangzhuang River, which originates from the northern foot of Sifangling, a branch of Shiwan Mountain, joins 12 tributaries, passes through Shanwei, Dongmen, Bapen and Wangzhuang respectively, and joins Zuojiang River in Nongzhai. The upstream is called Qurong River and Yinhe River, and the downstream is called Wangzhuang River. The main stream is 49 kilometers long, with a drainage area (including 12 tributaries) 1620.5 square kilometers, maximum flow 1400 m3/s, minimum flow10.8 m3/s, with an average runoff of 648 million m3 for many years and a total hydropower reserve of 30,900 kilowatts. Construction of 1 medium-sized reservoir and 7 small reservoirs along the banks of the river; Hydraulic pump 14, hydraulic pump15 has been installed; 20 small hydropower stations with an installed capacity of 55 kilowatts; Install 42 pumps with 772 horsepower. The designed irrigation area is 74,476 mu, and the actual irrigation area is 55,602 mu.

Crane River, also known as Xiangshui River, originates from the northern foot of Jinuo Mountain in the southeast of Liuqiao Town, flows through Naga, Qiao Liu, Liu Ba, Zaowa and other villages, flows into Crane Reservoir, and then flows into Zuojiang River through Crane, Bomo and Bahe villages. There is a cliff hanging like a waterfall at the mouth of Zuojiang River, which keeps ringing, hence the name Xiangshui River. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were self-rotating waterwheels along the river to irrigate the fields. The middle and lower reaches of this river are the dividing lines between Chongzuo and Fusui. The basin area of the county is 53 1 km2, the length of the main stream is 42km, the maximum flow rate is 840m3/sec, the minimum flow rate is 0.3m3/sec, and the average runoff for many years is10.8585m3.. The main stream has a hydropower reserve of 870,000 kilowatts, and three small hydropower stations have been built in Jiao Mo, Bahe and Zaowa, with an installed capacity of 870 kilowatts.

Dubang River, also known as Shaoyao River. Originated in Dubangtanne, it flows through Quli Town and joins Zuojiang River in Tanyao Village. The drainage area is 9 1.8km2, the length is 14.2km, the maximum flow is 177m3/s, the minimum flow is 0.08m3/s, and the annual average runoff is 32 13m3. The hydropower reserve is 0.010.9 million kilowatts. Four small hydropower stations have been built, including Wangzhuang Village, Wangzhuang Reservoir, Yao Yao and Baliao, with an installed capacity of 5 1 kilowatt, which can still be installed at present. Nami River originates from Sanbaoling, flows through Funan Township and joins Zuojiang River at Dajiangkou, the county seat. The basin covers an area of 63 square kilometers with a length of 16.9 kilometers. The maximum flow 1 16 m3/s, the minimum flow is 0.02 m3/s, and the annual average runoff is 25.2 million m3. The water energy reserve is 0.04 million kilowatts.

Shangsha River originates from Tengguangde in Guling, flows through Wang Lin and Nagui Village, and joins Zuojiang River at the front end. It was named after it flowed into Zuojiangtan. The basin covers an area of 74.4 square kilometers with a length of 20 kilometers. Maximum discharge 1.25 m3/s, minimum discharge 0. 1 m3/s, and average annual runoff of 26.04 million m3. The hydropower reserve is 0.010.2 million kilowatts. Six small hydropower stations have been built, including Wangling, Guan Na, Gai Na, Laonanmao, Wangcun and Shangyang, with an installed capacity of 47 kilowatts, which can still be installed at 73 kilowatts. Water can be diverted to irrigate about 4000 mu.

Xiashahe originates from Huna Village, Yongning County, flows through Jiangxi Town, Yongning County and Tengguang Village, leading township, and joins Zuojiang River in the pavilion. The county's watershed covers an area of 78 square kilometers, with a length of 19. 1 km, a maximum flow of 137 cubic meters per second, a minimum flow of 0. 15 cubic meters per second, and an average runoff of 27.3 million cubic meters for many years. The water energy reserve is 0.010.8 million kilowatts, and a small Tengguang hydropower station has been built, with an installed capacity of10.2 kilowatts, which can still be installed10.68 kilowatts.

Luoyang River is also called Baijia River and Wengjiang River. Originated in the eastern part of West Daming Mountain, it flows through Middle East Town and joins Zuojiang River near Fengzhuang Village in Longtou Township. The basin area in the county is 180 km2, and the length is 5 1 km. The maximum flow is 4 12 cubic meters per second, the minimum flow is 0. 10 cubic meters per second, and the annual average runoff is 72 million cubic meters. The hydropower reserve is 5500 kilowatts, and seven small hydropower stations, including Brewmaster, Sanshao, Luo Yang Bridge, Xin 'an Reservoir, Middle East Middle School, Longzhuang and Changle, have been built, with an installed capacity of 1.20 kilowatts, which is still acceptable.

General situation of water conservancy Chongzuo Jiangzhou section, with many bends, was navigable in summer and autumn before liberation. 1969, taking advantage of the geological conditions of this riverbed, a dam was built on the cowboy beach in the upper reaches of the ancient slope, and a pioneer hydraulic pump station was built, which is the largest water conservancy project in this county. The total length of the north-south main canal is 59 kilometers, the designed irrigation area is 32,057 mu, and the maximum irrigation area is1.9400 mu (1.975). After 1980, due to the lack of water in winter, the canal was in disrepair for a long time, and the irrigation area decreased year by year, only maintaining at about 5000 mu in 1984. There are three river-crossing highway bridges in China (Chongzuo No.1 and No.2 Bridge and Tuolu Bridge). Larger ferries are Nanjin, Zhongdu, Xiadu and Tuolu ferries in the county; The larger docks are Nanjin, Zhongdu and Xiadu (all in the county, Zhongdu and Xiadu docks have been abandoned). Chongzuo reach of Zuojiang River is navigable. Since the reform and opening up in 1980s, cargo ships have often transported local native products (such as Chinese alpine rush, yellow, kenaf, soybeans, red melon seeds, etc.). ) to Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao.

In the upper reaches of Longzhou County, after Pinghe 1966, Xianfeng and Yaya hydropower stations were built successively. Before the completion of the dam and power station, sailboats can travel through Longzhou to lang son, Vietnam, and lang son is one of the water passages in Guiyue, China. Vietnamese timber enters the country through rafts all the year round, which is the main channel for the transportation of foreign trade goods between Guangxi and lang son, Vietnam. The width of Zuojiang section is118m; Natural drop 13m, suitable for shipping. During the Sino-French War in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, hundreds of sailboats transported military materials to Longzhou every day, which were transshipped to lang son and Gaoping. During the Republic of China, British and French warships once returned to Longzhou from Xijiang, and merchant ships went directly to Wuzhou Port and Hong Kong. After liberation, this waterway is still the main transportation line for goods from Longzhou to Nanning. 1965, Chongzuo county interrupted Longyi's transportation passage after building a barrage and a hydraulic pump station in the cowboy beach in its territory. There are motorboats sailing in the county.

Fusui county section, both upstream and downstream can be navigable for ships and sailboats. The total hydropower reserve is 38,600 kilowatts. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were 40 electric irrigation stations along the Yangtze River, with a total installed capacity of 6,404 kilowatts and an irrigation area of 46,550 mu.

The tourism resources on both sides of Zuojiang River in Jiangzhou District are full of peaks and beautiful scenery. By boat down the river, you can see more than 20 rock paintings (commonly known as Huashan murals) painted by ancestors on both sides of the strait about 2,000 years ago, such as Jishan Mountain, Tuojiao Mountain, Longniang Mountain, Huang Chao City, Denglongshan Mountain, Baituo Mountain and Moon Mountain. There is also Long Ta, which stands in the middle of the river and is famous at home and abroad; You can also enjoy the beautiful scenery of sugarcane and banana forests, green trees and bamboos, cranes and birds flying by the river. If in the spring of March, the river is full of flowers, especially the flaming kapok. Xu Xiake, a Ming Dynasty traveler, traveled to Zuojiang for 20 days. After enjoying the beautiful scenery of Zuojiang River, he left a famous sentence, "The scenery of Rocky Mountain is not unique, but the rocky shore is unique."

Among them, Huashan rock paintings and the rivers controlled by them have been included in the world cultural heritage list.