What is the development prospect of Xi 'an?

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a famous tourist attraction in Xi 'an. In the 3rd year of Yonghui in Tang Dynasty (AD 652),

Big Wild Goose Pagoda

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Xuanzang was built for the collection of classics, with seven floors and a height of 64.5 meters. It is regarded as a symbol of the ancient capital Xi 'an.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as the Great Ci 'en Temple Pagoda, is located in the Great Jionji in the southern suburb of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Because it is located in the west courtyard of Jionji, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was originally called the pagoda in the west courtyard of Jionji. It is a masterpiece of Buddhist architecture in China in the Tang Dynasty.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a pavilion-style brick tower, with a total height of 64.5 meters. The tower is

Seven floors in the photo of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda (8 photos).

The tower is a square cone, and the bay is made of wood-like structure, which decreases proportionally from bottom to top. There is a wooden ladder in the tower to climb up. There is an arch ticket doorway on each side of each floor, which can be overlooked by the railing. The whole building is magnificent, simple and steady in shape, moderate in proportion and solemn and simple in style, and it is a relatively well-preserved pavilion tower. The tower overlooks the ancient city of Xi 'an.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a landmark and a famous historic site in Xi 'an, and a symbol of the ancient city of Xi 'an. Therefore, this famous ancient pagoda is painted in the center of the emblem of Xi 'an.

Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once praised: "the pagoda, rising abruptly from earth, reaches to the very Palace of Heaven. Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us, with the steps we look down on hung from space. It overtops a holy land, and can only have been built by toil of the spirit. Its four sides darken the bright sun, its seven stories cut the grey clouds. " This shows the grandeur of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

underground palace of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda

In May p>28, Wang Yarong, director of the Institute of Religion of Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, said that just like the underground palace under the Famen Temple Pagoda in Shaanxi, there may be a thousand-year underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi 'an. It is speculated that after Xuanzang returned from India, the treasures he brought back may be hidden in the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

According to historical records, in the 19th year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 654), Xuanzang returned from India to learn Buddhist scriptures and brought back a large number of Buddhist relics, hundreds of Sanskrit scriptures of Beye and eight gold and silver Buddha statues. In order to worship and treasure the Buddhist scriptures, gold and silver Buddha statues, relics and other treasures brought back, with the approval of the court, Xuanzang personally presided over the construction of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda. But until now, no one knows where the treasures brought back by Xuanzang are.

Wang Yarong thinks that there are underground palaces in ancient pagodas. Just like there are underground palaces under Famen Temple Pagoda, there must be underground underground underground palaces of Big Wild Goose Pagoda, but the underground palaces of Big Wild Goose Pagoda have not been excavated. It is speculated that the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is very likely to contain Buddhist treasures that Xuanzang brought back at the beginning.

Xie Shoutao, director of Xi 'an Big Wild Goose Pagoda Storage Institute, said that in 27, the relevant departments had detected the internal structure of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the ground penetrating radar had detected that there were holes in the underground of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, which should be the underground palace of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

Edit the architectural history of this section (6 Buddhist paintings of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Tang Dynasty)

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was built in 652 AD (the third year of Tang Gaozong Yonghui). Master Xuanzang built a five-story brick pagoda in the West Pagoda in Jionji to worship the Buddha statues, relics and Sanskrit classics brought back from India. It was rebuilt during the Chang 'an period of Wu Zetian. Later, it was trimmed many times. The Wild Goose Pagoda was a famous tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty, so there were a large number of inscriptions by scholars and scholars, and there were more than 2 inscriptions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone. Jionji, where the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is located, is a place where Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, specializes in translating and collecting scriptures. Master Xuanzang retrieved Buddhist scriptures from Tianzhu, and once presided over the temple affairs in Jionji. On the grounds that "the fear of people's generations is not frequent, the scriptures are lost, and the

Big Wild Goose Pagoda

is difficult to prevent fire" and the Buddhist scriptures are properly placed, he planned to build a stone pagoda outside the main entrance of Jionji, so he played it on the attached chart in March of the third year of Tang Yonghui (AD 652). Because Xuanzang's floating picture is always 3 feet high, Tang Gaozong granted the court a grant to build a five-story brick tower in the west courtyard of the temple on the grounds that the project was huge and difficult to achieve and he didn't want the mage to work hard. This pagoda is called Wild Goose Pagoda, because a smaller one was built in Jianfu Temple in Chang 'an, Ci 'en Temple Pagoda is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and Jianfu Temple Pagoda is called Little Wild Goose Pagoda, which has been passed down to this day. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda imitates the shape of western regions, with brick surface and earth core, which can't be climbed, and every floor has relics. Master Xuanzang personally presided over the construction of the tower, which took two years to complete. Due to the core of brick surface soil and wind and rain erosion, the tower body gradually collapsed after more than 5 years.

During the reign of Empress Wu Zetian in Chang 'an (71-74 AD), Empress Wu Zetian and the princes and nobles rebuilt it on the original site with money, and built a seven-story blue brick tower (on the other hand, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt in 74 AD, and the tower was raised to 1 stories. In 931 ad, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt in the Five Dynasties and the later Tang Dynasty, and it was reduced to seven floors. After the end of the Tang Dynasty, Jionji Temple was repeatedly attacked by soldiers, and the temple was burned down, only the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was left alone.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was renovated again in 931 (the second year of Changxing in the Tang Dynasty after the Five Dynasties). Later, several major earthquakes occurred in Xi 'an, and the top of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda fell and the tower body was shattered. (The original tower was 11 stories high).

In 164 (the 23rd year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty), while maintaining the basic shape of the tower in the Tang Dynasty, a 6-cm-thick cladding was completely built on its exterior, making its shape wider than before, which is the shape of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda seen today.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Wild Goose Pagoda was promulgated as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in the State Council in 1961. After a renovation in 1964, the Wild Goose Pagoda basically maintained its original features.

Tower foundation and tower body of Wild Goose Pagoda

The Wild Goose Pagoda is a square pavilion-style brick tower with brick imitation wood structure, which is composed of tower foundation, tower body and tower brake, and its current height is 64.517 meters. The tower foundation is 4.2 meters high, about 48.7 meters from north to south and 45.7 meters from east to west; The tower is square-cone-shaped, with a square plane, with a base length of 25.5 meters, a tower height of 59.9 meters and a tower brake height of 4.87 meters. All floors of the tower are made of blue bricks to imitate the imitation wood structures such as eaves columns, bucket arches, railings, sandalwood, eaves rafters, flying rafters, etc. The structure is neat and the joints of the ground bricks are firm and abnormal. The walls of each floor of the tower body are made of brick flat columns and diaphragms, and the upper part of the column is provided with a big bucket, and a brick arch door opening is opened in the middle of each floor. The plane in the tower is also square, and there are floors on each floor. An escalator is set up to spiral up to the top of the tower. The square columns on the first floor and the second floor are divided into nine bays, the third and fourth floors are seven bays, and the fifth and sixth floors are five bays. There are Buddhist relics, Buddha's foot stone carvings and Tang Priest's footprint stone carvings on the tower.

There are stone gates on all sides of the bottom of the tower, and there are exquisite line-carved Buddha statues on the mast. Ximenmei is a picture of Amitabha Buddha, which is engraved with magnificent halls. The layout of the picture is rigorous and the lines are vigorous and smooth, which was handed down by Yan Liben, a painter in the Tang Dynasty. On both sides of the South Gate Cave on the ground floor are inlaid two stone tablets written by Chu Suiliang, a calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, the Preface to the Three Sanzang in the Tang Dynasty written by Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, and the Preface to the Three Sanzang in Tang Gaozong, which have high artistic value and are called "Two Saints and Three Wonders Monuments".

Edit the origin of the name of this paragraph

Is the Big Wild Goose Pagoda really related to geese? Xuanzang's "Tale of the Western Regions of Datang" records the legend that he heard in India that monks buried wild geese and built pagodas, which explains the most credible theory of the origin of wild goose pagodas. Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty (Volume 9): There is a Wild Goose Pagoda in the Luolou River Mountain in Indra, the kingdom of Mogata. It is said that wild geese are engaged in Hinayana believers who want to be enlightened. Perhaps this record is the origin of the name of the Wild Goose Pagoda.

According to legend, a long time ago, monks in a temple in the state of Mojietuo (now southern Bihar, India) believed in Hinayana Buddhism and ate three clean foods (that is, geese, deer and calves). One day, a flock of geese flew in the air. When a monk saw the geese, he said casually, "Everyone has nothing to eat today. The Bodhisattva should know that we are hungry!" After saying his word, a wild goose fell dead in front of the monk. He was pleasantly surprised and told all the monks in the temple that it was the Tathagata who was educating them. So at the place where the geese fell, they were buried with a grand ceremony to build a tower and named the Wild Goose Pagoda.

Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, visited the Wild Goose Pagoda during his study tour in India from 629 to 645. After returning to China, during the translation of scriptures in Jionji, in order to store the Buddhist scriptures brought back from India, in 652 AD, a brick tower imitating the Indian Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the West Courtyard of Jionji, which is called Wild Goose Pagoda. The name continues to this day.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Xuanzang

Big Jionji in front of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is famous for the story of "Tang Priest (Xuanzang) learning Buddhist scriptures". When we mention Jionji and Wild Goose Pagoda, we will naturally think of Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhong Kui, who blessed the hometown of Zhong Kui, the master of the town residence, who once presided over the temple affairs, led the Buddhist sutra translation field and founded the Buddhist Sect. He personally supervised the construction of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in the temple. Jionji is the most famous and magnificent Buddhist temple in Chang 'an City of Tang Dynasty. It was built by royal decree in Tang Dynasty, and it was built under the auspices of the royal family. It has a prominent position and a grand scale. He was the first abbot here. This legendary figure is honored as "Master Sanzang".

Xuanzang (6-664), born in the second year of Sui Renshou, was born in Yanshi, Henan Province. At the age of thirteen, he was admitted by the imperial court, shaved as a monk in Luoyang Jingtu Temple, and soon rose to the throne to recite the scriptures. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), he went to the imperial court together and applied to go to Tianzhu to learn from the scriptures. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Tang Dynasty was not allowed to issue a letter. Others flinched, but he was unmoved and determined not to change, and he made full preparations from the aspects of Buddhist scripture research, Sanskrit language and material spirit by using the three years before going abroad.

Xuanzang and Tang Zhenguan set out from Chang 'an in 629 to study in the Western Regions. He rode alone along the "Silk Road" and overcame countless difficulties and obstacles. After three years of arduous trekking and more than 5, miles of solitary expedition, he finally reached Tianzhu India, a holy place of Buddhism, and studied as a teacher at the famous Nalanduo Temple as he wished. After that, he spent five years in Tianzhu Buddhist country and traveled all over India. When I returned to Nalanduo Temple, I was already the lecturer of this highest Buddhist institution, second only to the mentor and the sage.

In 642 AD, when Xuanzang wanted to return to the Tang Dynasty, he was invited to participate in an unprecedented and high-standard Buddhist academic event in ancient India. At the meeting, Master Xuanzang was the main arguer, and his eloquence and erudition convinced the participants, and no one could argue for 18 consecutive days. The Mahayana monks called Master Xuanzang "Mahayana Heaven", and the Mahayana monks called him "Liberation Heaven". The "Heaven" of Buddhism is the Bodhisattva and the gods.

In order to translate the scriptures and spread the Dharma back to the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang persuaded his teachers, Taoist friends and kings of other countries to return to Chang 'an with 657 scriptures, eight Buddha statues and a large number of relics in 645 (the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan). In the following year, he was translated by Hongfu Temple in Chang 'an for three years.

In 649 AD (the 23rd year of Tang Zhenguan), the Great Jionji was completed. Xuanzang was the first director of the temple and devoted himself to the translation of Buddhist scriptures. In the third year of Tang Yonghui, he founded the Wild Goose Pagoda to preserve the scriptures and relics retrieved from India. In the third year of Tang Xianqing, Xuanzang moved to Ximing Temple to translate scriptures. In the following year, he was instructed to translate monks and disciples to Yuhua Temple in Tongchuan, where he settled in the courtyard and engaged in the translation of the Great Prajna Sutra. Finally, in 663 AD (the third year of Tang Longshuo), he was translated into 6 volumes of the Great Prajna Sutra.

In the first year of Tang Linde (AD 664), Master Xuanzang died of illness in Yuhua Temple. His coffin was returned to Jionji in Beijing and buried on Bailuyuan in the east of Chang 'an. In the second year of Tang Gaozong (AD 669), it was reburied as the Fengqi Plateau in Fan Chuan, and a five-story spire was built. The following year, a temple was built because of the pagoda, and Tang Suzong wrote the word "Xingjiao", hence the name Xingjiao Temple.

Title of Wild Goose Pagoda

Many famous poets in the Tang Dynasty

It can be seen that the Pagoda of Wild Goose Pagoda is tilted

Poets who boarded the Pagoda of Wild Goose Pagoda have left a beautiful sentence that has been passed down to this day, such as Du Fu's "The high standard crosses the sky, and the gale never stops"; Chapter 8' s "Strange Birds Flying to the Ground, Self-astonishing Words in midair" and so on. In particular, the Tang Dynasty poet Cen Can's "Going to Jionji with Gao Shi and Xue Zhi": "the pagoda, rising abruptly from earth, reaches to the very Palace of Heaven; Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us, with the steps we look down on hung from space. It overtops a holy land, and can only have been built by toil of the spirit; Its four sides darken the bright sun, its seven stories cut the grey clouds. Birds fly down beyond our sight, and the rapid wind below our hearing; Mountain-ranges, toward the east, running together seems to face east. Far green locust-trees line broad roads, toward clustered palaces and mansions; Colours of autumn, out of the west, enter advancing through the city. And northward there lie, in five graveyards, calm forever under dewy green grass. Those who know life's final meaning, which all humankind must learn; Henceforth I put my official hat aside, to find the Eternal Way is the only happiness ". The poet's magnificent description and philosophical exclamation often cause people to sing when they climb the tower. This shows the grandeur of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda. Many contemporary poets still praise the towering Wild Goose Pagoda. Chen Yunhe's poem "Wild Goose Pagoda" praises that "the geese can't help laughing" and "the longevity of the Pagoda really makes many emperors sigh".

Night Scenery of Wild Goose Pagoda

As early as the Shenlong period in Tang Zhongzong, the title of Wild Goose Pagoda has become a custom. All the new scholars and students should first attend a state banquet in Qujiang (the emperor must also watch it from the upstairs curtain beside Qujiang) and Xingyuan, and then board the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and inscribe the tower wall as a souvenir. Bai Juyi, who was 27 years old, became a scholar, and wrote the poem "Ci 'enta is the youngest among seventeen people". Liu Cang even more heroically titled "Choosing a Victory Tour in the Spring Festival and Banqueting Qujiangtou in the Apricot Garden;" Zihao powder wall title immortal, willow color flute blowing jade building ",the title of Yanta and Dengxian are mentioned together, which shows that they are filled with the joy of spring breeze and regard the title of Yanta as a great honor. Later, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda has formed the scene that "the walls of the small house in the tower courtyard are all inscribed by Qing Xiang", but it is a pity that a fire in northern Song Shenzong destroyed the precious inscribed walls.

Inclined tower

The tower of Wild Goose Pagoda was found to be inclined in 1719 due to repeated man-made destruction and structural problems. In the 196s, the groundwater around the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was over-exploited, which caused the confined water level to drop sharply, caused a wide range of uneven ground subsidence, and accelerated the inclined subsidence of the ancient pagoda. By 1985, it had been tilted by 998 mm, and by 1996, the ancient pagoda was tilted to the northwest by 11.5 mm, with an average annual tilt of 1 mm. After more than 2 years of comprehensive improvement by relevant departments, the tilt of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda has obviously tended to ease and stabilize, with a tilt of 11.9 mm in 25.

since 29, the government has implemented measures to protect the ancient culture of Big Wild Goose Pagoda by sealing wells and recharging groundwater to accelerate the recovery of groundwater level. Six demonstration sites of groundwater recharge have been built in the city. I hope to raise the groundwater level as soon as possible and gradually "righting" the Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In the past two years, Xi 'an has injected about 12 tons of water into the ground every day, and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda has gradually returned to normal!

Rectify the Deviation

Today, ancient towers are all "ten pagodas and nine pagodas", and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi 'an, the ancient capital of China, is slightly inclined after thousands of years. However, the observation and research in recent ten years have found that it is in the stage of "rectification" and there is no need to worry about becoming the second leaning tower of Pisa. Wang Fengjun, an expert in Buddhist architecture and vice president of Xi 'an Museum, said in an interview: "The tower of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Tang Dynasty is tilted to the north-west direction, which should have existed for hundreds of years. At present, the ancient pagodas in China are mostly brick structures, which are easy to tilt but not too inclined, and will not become the leaning tower of Pisa. If there is the inclination of the leaning tower of Pisa, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda would have fallen down. "

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Tang Dynasty was built by Emperor China to obtain Buddhist scriptures for his westward journey to India, and now it is the symbol of the ancient city of Xi 'an. Standing on the square to the north of it, it is not difficult for careful people to find that it is slightly inclined. In fact, more than a decade ago, professionals began to observe it and took measures to slowly change its inclination and "correct".

According to records, as early as 7 years ago, when foreign missionaries came to China, they found that the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was tilted. Shaanxi surveying and mapping department began to measure in 1985, when the tilt speed of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was in the process of accelerating, and left in 1996.