Answers to the analysis of Chinese language texts in the third year of junior high school

1. What are the analysis of the techniques for reading and answering questions in classical Chinese in junior middle school: 1. Reciting classical Chinese poems requires not missing a word, not adding a word, not knocking a word down, and not changing a word; writing classical Chinese silently Poetry sentences should not only be coherent, but also should be word-by-word when written silently. In the high school entrance examination, you usually write 4 sentences of poetry and 2 sentences of prose silently, and pay special attention to memorizing the famous sentences in the chapter. Remember and correct typos in your previous dictation. 2. The understanding and appreciation of ancient poetry should focus on the ancient poems, lyrics and music that appear in the reading chapters in each textbook, and pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge about ancient culture and literature, especially the annotations in the textbooks; the appreciation guidance and exercises in "Click on the Chapter" should be fully Understand, understand the poem, the main content and writing intention of the poem, and the author's thoughts and feelings accurately. 3. For some famous works by famous writers, you should also know the author’s name, life era and title of the article. 4. Master the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese and the usage of 6 function words. Generally speaking, the special usages in ancient Chinese are: multiple meanings of a word, false meanings, flexible use of parts of speech, and different meanings in ancient and modern times. Therefore, we must pay special attention to such words in the text, and we must understand and master the usage of the 150 content words and 6 function words included in "Chapter Click", especially the meanings that appear in junior high school textbooks. 5. Be sensitive to “special sentence patterns” in sentence translation. For example, in omitted sentences, pay attention to adding the omitted subject and object; such as judgment sentences, inversion sentences (object in front, adverbial in back), passive sentences, rhetorical questions, etc. When translating, the meaning of key content words and the usage of function words must be implemented, and the mood and sentence pattern of the translated sentence must be consistent with the original sentence. 6. When reading extracurricular classical Chinese, don’t be nervous when you encounter a word you don’t know or a word you didn’t think of at once. Contact the context and the plot of the story (article) to understand (guess) its meaning and bring the word to the article. To understand, remember that translation cannot be separated from the article. If there are notes under the selected text, be sure to make full use of the notes' prompting effect. 7. When reading passages in class, pay attention to the summary of the main content of the selected text. If it is within the scope of your own review and control, you can of course answer the questions from memory; if you do not review well or remember clearly, you must read the selected text carefully. Collect and process information and then make a reasonable and concise statement. In extracurricular reading of classical Chinese, we should pay attention to the understanding of principles contained in the article or the summary and refinement of the character traits of the characters in the article. Common examination methods: From the perspective of examination format, single reading is the main method, and some arrange comparative reading or linked reading of paragraphs, paragraphs and poems. The article selection adopts a combination of in-class and extra-curricular methods. Judging from the examination questions in recent years, famous articles such as "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice", "The Story of Yueyang Tower" and "The Drunkard's Pavilion" have a higher selection rate. The curriculum standard's requirement for classical Chinese reading is: "Read simple classical Chinese and be able to understand the basic content with the help of annotations and reference books." The selection of classical Chinese reading materials for the high school entrance examination must be "easy", and the understanding of "easy" should be: most of the text The words are common content words and function words. Even if there are a few rare words or unusual allusions in the selected text, annotations will be arranged to reduce the difficulty, so that candidates can "pick it up in just one jump" based on their junior high school classical Chinese learning. to the fruit”. Question type analysis and problem-solving strategies: In the examination of classical Chinese prose, the common test points and question types are nothing more than word explanation, sentence segmentation, sentence translation, textual meaning induction, writing analysis, character and work evaluation, etc. Here are some suggestions on review and problem-solving methods: 1. Accurately explain the meaning of the words. Pay attention to the use of annotations, the accumulated knowledge of content words and function words, and the use of expanded associations and related word combinations to confirm the meaning of words in the contextual language environment. 2. Translate sentences correctly and smoothly. When translating a sentence, firstly, the content must be correct and consistent with the meaning of the text; secondly, the translated sentence must be accurately expressed, decent and fluent. 3. Summarize the meaning of the text. Often by filling in the blanks and answering questions, the level of the article, the characteristics of the scenery, and the key points of the content are tested (for example, Hubei Wuhan Volume 10: What are the main aspects of Nian Gengyao's good use of troops? Please give a brief summary. Jilin Volume 15: Please use conciseness The language summarizes the anecdotes of Fan Zhongyan's reading described in this article), the character's personality traits and emotional attitudes, the meaning of the work, and the reading experience. This is the most frequently tested point besides word explanation and sentence translation. When answering, be sure to pay attention to reading the full text and be good at focusing on the details, filtering important information, and summarizing the key points. At the same time, you must consider the accuracy of the answer's wording. The summary must be unobtrusive, impartial, and to the point. 4. Compare reading. This is a more common question type in recent years. Commonly used is to compare two paragraphs of materials. The relevant points of the materials generally lie in the subject matter, themes, characters, techniques, social significance, etc. of the work. Some are mainly in-class prose and link to relevant extracurricular materials (such as "Zou Ji satirizes the king of Qi and accepts remonstrance" and "Zou Ji, the Marquis of Cheng, is the Prime Minister of Qi" in Changzhou volume of Jiangsu Province, "Biao Shishi" and "Zhuge Liang talks about family affairs" in Huangshi volume of Hubei Province); Some of the two articles are travel notes describing scenery ("Three Gorges" and "Books with Zhu Yuan" in the Guangxi Liuzhou volume); some are articles written by the same author about different scenic spots (such as "Manjing Travels" and "Huqiu" by Yuan Hongdao in the Hubei Qianjiang volume). "Record"); some use two paragraphs of material on related themes (such as "Fish I Want" and "Yan Zi Admonishes Duke Jing" in Binzhou Volume of Shandong Province, and two paragraphs of material on appreciating lotuses in the Xiamen Volume of Fujian Province).

Comparative reading is just a form. There is a complementary or mutually reinforcing relationship between two or more paragraphs of material. Some propositions are based on the comprehensive aspects of the two paragraphs, and some are separate propositions. The topics are irrelevant to each other and the materials There is no comparison between the two. The latter one is just a supplement to the previous one in terms of content or number of questions. The test points are basically the same as the single test. 5. Expand migration. In order to make the past relevant to the present and apply what has been learned, the questions often test the evaluation of the prose theme and the characters' thoughts and feelings, and require the candidates to talk about their views on certain points in connection with the actual situation. To answer this type of question, we must be good at reading the outstanding ideological qualities of characters from ancient historical materials, reading the precious humanistic spirit from events, and evaluate their social significance from a developmental perspective. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the limitations of the times and appropriately Choose and discard rationally. 6. Writing analysis. Including language taste, rhetoric appreciation, structural analysis, article style interpretation, etc. When answering questions, try to use the texts you have learned, associate with the training questions you have done, draw inferences from one instance to the other, and look for answers. Misunderstanding Reminder Example Classical Chinese Reading (A) Read the following and answer the questions. "The Drunkard's Pavilion" ① Chu is surrounded by mountains. Its southwest peaks and forest valleys. 2. What are the topics in the classical Chinese essays in the high school entrance examination? Contents of the classical Chinese essays in the high school entrance examination 1. Quotations from Confucius 2. Fish is what I want Mencius 3. Born in sorrow, died in peace and contentment Mencius 4. Cao GUI’s Controversy Zuo Zhuan 5. Zou Ji satirized King Na of Qi Admonishing the Warring States Policy 6. Zhuge Liang's Departure 7. Tao Qian's Story of Peach Blossom Spring 8. Li Daoyuan's Story of Three Gorges 9. Miscellaneous Comments (4) Han Yu 10. Inscription of the Humble House Liu Yuxi 11. Story of Xiao Shitan Liu Zongyuan 12. Story of Yueyang Tower Fan Zhongyan 13. Story of Drunkard Pavilion Ouyang Xiu 14. Ai Lian talks about Zhou Dunyi 15. Remembering Su Shi’s night tour of Chengtian Temple 16. Send a preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang (excerpt) Song Lian’s high school entrance examination classical Chinese question types Analysis of test points for the first category of classical Chinese words Detailed explanation of test points 1. Content words in classical Chinese 2. Revealing the method of function words in classical Chinese 1 , Contact context 2, Compare doubts 3, Pay attention to accumulation and look for patterns Appendix 1 List of frequently tested content words Appendix 2 List of frequently tested function words Category 2 Analysis of test points for sentence segmentation in classical Chinese Detailed explanation of test points 1. Rhythm of classical Chinese reading aloud 2. Revealing the method of sentence segmentation in classical Chinese 1. Overall Perception, natural sentence segmentation 2. Grasp the meaning of words and accurately segment sentences 3. With the help of grammar, segment sentences reasonably Appendix Classical Chinese Sentence Patterns Category 3 Analysis of Classical Chinese Translation Test Points Revealing the Secrets of Sentence and Mood Therapy 1. Basic requirements for classical Chinese translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance 2. Basic methods of classical Chinese translation Category 4 Understanding and Appreciation of Classical Chinese Content Category 5 Comprehensive Training of Classical Chinese. 3. Five extracurricular classical Chinese passages for the High School Entrance Examination (with answers) 100 selected classical Chinese reading questions (with answers) (1) Read the following classical Chinese passages and complete questions 1-5. (Lianyungang) [A] The late emperor and his ministers were cautious, so they sent important matters to their ministers when he was about to die. Since receiving the order, I have been lamenting all night, fearing that the entrustment would not be effective and would harm the late emperor's wisdom. Therefore, I crossed Lu in May and went deep into the barren area. Now the south has been secured, the troops and armor are sufficient, the three armies have been led by troops, and the central plains have been set in the north. The common people have been exhausted and the slaves have been dull, the traitors have been eliminated, the Han Dynasty has been restored, and the old capital has been restored. This minister owes his duty to the late Emperor and to be loyal to His Majesty. (Excerpted from Zhuge Liang's "Shi Shi Biao") [B] On the day of receiving the order, I couldn't sleep well and couldn't eat well. When thinking about the northern expedition, it is better to enter the south first. Therefore, we crossed Shanghai in the fifth month, penetrated deep into the barren area, and ate the sun. I am not without pity for myself, and I should not be content with the capital of Shu in consideration of the king's career, so I risked danger to fulfill the late emperor's last wish, but the people who discussed it said that this was not a plan. Nowadays, the thieves are tired of working in the west, and they are working in the east. The art of war is taking advantage of the work. This is the time to advance. (Excerpt from Zhuge Liang's "The Later Disciple") 1. Explain the highlighted words in the following sentences. ① Therefore, when the collapse is imminent, it is necessary to send a message to the ministers about important events ② Exhaust the common people and destroy the treacherous villains ③ Thinking about the northern expedition, it is better to go to the south first ④ Today's thieves are tired of the west 2. In the following sets of sentences, add one of the words that have the same meaning and usage. It is: ( ) A. The former emperor and his ministers were cautious B. Traffic on the street, chickens and dogs heard each other C. Therefore, he risked danger to fulfill the last wish of the late emperor D. Whenever he understood something, he happily forgot to eat 3. The meaning of the words in each of the following sets of sentences The item with the same usage is ( ) A. Restore the Han Dynasty and return it to the old capital B. In order to fulfill the late emperor's wishes and take care of the king's business, we should not settle on the ridges where the Shu capital has stopped cultivating C. The people who argue say it is not a plan D . Therefore, when the collapse is approaching, I send my ministers a message saying that great things will come to light and the rocks will be revealed. It is because there are so many people and I will leave them with letters. 4. Translate the following sentences. ① The reason why this minister repays his duty to the late Emperor and is loyal to His Majesty is ② Therefore, he crossed to Shanghai in the fifth month, went deep into the barren area, and eclipsed the sun. 5. Looking at the content of two paragraphs A and B, briefly summarize Zhuge Liang's three reasons for requesting the Northern Expedition ① ② ③ ( Lianyungang) Answers: 1. ① Send: Entrust ② Get rid of: eradicate ③ Appropriate: Should ④ Suitable: Just right, coincidentally 2. D 3.A 4. ① This is to repay the late emperor and fulfill the duty of loyalty to His Majesty. ②So I crossed the Lu River in the fifth month and went deep into the desolate place where no crops could grow. I only had one meal in two days. (As long as the meaning is correct, Guan Jian's words cannot be translated incorrectly) 5. ① It is my duty to repay the kindness of the late emperor and to be loyal to His Majesty; ② The rebellion in the south has been put down and weapons and equipment are sufficient; ③ The enemy is threatened by the east and west and is in a state of crisis. When you are tired. (2) Read the following two passages in classical Chinese and complete questions 6-9. (Title of the Hainan Province Curriculum Reform Area) (A) Guanfu Baling Shengzhuang, at a lake in Dongting. It holds the distant mountains and swallows the Yangtze River, which is vast and boundless; the sun shines in the morning and the evening falls, and the scenery is endless.

This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. The descriptions of predecessors have been prepared. However, it is connected to Wu Gorge in the north and Xiaoxiang in the South Pole. Migrant poets and poets often meet here, and the feeling of looking at the things is the same? Sigh! Why should I try to seek the benevolent heart of the ancients or do something different from the two? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; if you live high in a temple, you worry about its people; if you live far away in the rivers and lakes, you worry about your king. It means that you are worried when you advance, and you are also worried when you retreat. But when will you be happy? It must be said, "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness." Alas! Weisi people, who can I return to? (B) The wind and smoke are all pure, and the Tianshan Mountains are beautiful. Drifting in the current, anything. From Fuyang to Tonglu, a hundred miles or so, there are strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world. The water is all pale blue, thousands of feet deep to the bottom. There are fish and rocks swimming around, which are unobstructed even if you look directly at them. The rapids are like arrows, and the waves are as fierce as running. The mountains between the banks are all covered with cold trees. Competing against each other, competing with each other; competing for heights, reaching thousands of peaks. The spring water stirs the rocks, making a cool sound; the good birds sing to each other, and their chirping becomes a rhyme. The cicada spins endlessly, while the ape cries endlessly. Those who fly violently to the sky look at the peaks and calm their minds; those who are economical in world affairs look into the valleys and forget to rebel. The top of the horizontal keel is covered, and it is still dim during the day; the sparse strips overlap, and sometimes the sun can be seen. 6. One of the incorrect phonetic notations of the underlined characters below is ( ) A. Haohaotangtang (tang1) B. Addressing distant mountains (xian2) C. Mutual xuanmiao (miao3) D. Linglingxiang (ling2) 7., Explain the underlined word in the sentence. (1) Boundless (2) Worry before the worries of the world (3) The ape will scream endlessly (4) Peeping into the valley and forgetting to rebel 8. Translate the sentences. (1) I try to seek the heart of ancient benevolent people. Translation: . (2) The rapids are like arrows, and the waves are as fierce as rushing. Translation: . 9. In terms of scenery description, Section A mainly describes it from a visual perspective, highlighting the scenery characteristics of Dongting Lake. Section B is a visual and perspective description, reflecting the characteristics of the route from Fuyang to Tonglu (answer in the original text). Answer: 6. A7, (1) Ya: side (2) Xian: before...; put... in front (3) Jue: stop (4) Anti: pass "return", return 8. (1) I once explored the thoughts and feelings of people with noble moral character in ancient times. (2) (sometimes fast) The rapids are faster than arrows, and the rapid waves are like galloping horses. "Yu, Qiu, Xin, Ben" and other words are implemented well, and the meaning of the sentence can be expressed clearly and accurately, and you will get full marks. If individual key words are not implemented well and the meaning is not clear and complete, points will be deducted as appropriate. If the translated sentences are far from what you intended, no points will be awarded. 9. Majestic Hearing "Strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world." Fill in the first blank with synonyms of "magnificent", "endless" or "majestic"; fill in the third blank only with "strange mountains and rivers" or "magnificent" "The world is unique" is also correct. (3) Read the article "Three Gorges" and complete questions 10-14: (Question from Yueyang City) In the seven hundred miles from the Three Gorges, there are mountains on both sides, with no gaps; there are many mountains and mountains, hiding the sky and blocking out the sun, and it is not a pavilion. There is no bright moon at midnight. As for Xiashui Xiangling, it is blocked along the way. Or the king's order was urgently announced, and sometimes the White Emperor would arrive in the morning and arrive at Jiangling in the evening, a distance of 1,200 miles. In spring and winter, the green pool is green and the reflection is clear. There are many grotesque cypress trees in the mountains, with springs and waterfalls hanging down from them. It's clear, majestic, majestic and full of interest. Every sunny day and the first frosty day, in the cold woods and austere streams, a tall ape often screams, which is very bleak and bleak. Therefore, the fisherman sang: "The Badong Three Gorges and the Wu Gorge are long, and the apes cry three times and shed tears on their clothes!" 10. The following incorrect interpretation of the meaning of the highlighted words is () ”) B. A lot of fun (good: real) C. Clear and frosty day (dan: morning) D. Lin Hanjian solemn (solemn: serious) 11. Translation: Even if you ride on the wind and ride on the wind, you don’t use speed 12 The article spends a lot of words , using a positive description method to directly describe the scenery of the Three Gorges, but in the fourth paragraph, it writes "The Fisherman's Song". This is a descriptive method used, and its function is. 13. The description of the scenery of the Three Gorges in the article is very distinctive. Please select two more scenes from the text and describe them by imitating the example sentences. Example: turquoise pool water, weird pines.