How did the name "comrade" come from?

In the 1979 edition of Ci Hai, the word "comrade" has three meanings: 1, like-minded; Like-minded people. 2. People with the same political ideals and members of the same political party call each other. 3. China citizens. Its etymology appeared in ancient books very early. Search for twenty-five articles with comrades' sources 1 18; Search thirteen classics and find 45. Visible application is not frequent. Book of rites? 6? 1 There is a cloud in the note: "The same officer is a stream, and the comrades are friends." Zuo Qiuming's Mandarin? 6? 1 Yu Jinsi explained the meaning of the word "comrade": "Concentricity is unity, and unity is comrade." "Used to be"? 6? There is a saying in 1 Liu Taochuan: "Making friends must be gay. "It can be seen that its original intention was like-minded, and later it was extended to like-minded people. Such as the Book of the Later Han Dynasty? 6? There is a cloud in 1 Jia Biao Biography: "Biao said that comrades said,' If you don't go west, you will be in great trouble.' "

In the first120th episode of China's classic A Dream of Red Mansions, it is said that "Zhen expounded the false feelings and attributed them to a Dream of Red Mansions", and it is not difficult to understand the meaning of the word "comrade" by having fun with comrades and having enough to eat. In the old saying, nouns with similar meanings include fellow countryman, colleague, fellow countryman and confidant.

Although the word "comrade" is inherent in ancient Chinese, the word "comrade" commonly used in modern society should be exported to the domestic market There is a word in English, camarada in Latin and camarade in French, all of which come from the Greek kamara. It means "close partner" or "loyal friend", which is very close to the Chinese word "comrade" In modern times, Japan, which was deeply influenced by China culture and used Chinese characters, opened to the west earlier than China. They first used "comrade" to translate comrades. The word "comrade" can be found in "Examples of All Texts of the Essentials of Civilization" published by 1875, which refers to comrades. Tongshe University was founded in 1875. Since then, various organizations in the name of comrades, such as "Literary Gay Club" and "Osaka Gay Club", have been established one after another, and became very common and active in the1880s, and "comrade" has quietly become a strong term in Japan.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the China League was established in Japan, and under the influence of the Japanese, members were required to call each other "comrades". In May of Xuantong three years (19 1 1), the Qing government transferred the road-building rights of Chuanhan and Yuehan to the four-nation banking group of Britain, France, Germany and the United States, which aroused public anger, especially in Sichuan, and established the "Comrade Army to Protect Roads", which once reached hundreds of thousands. China Revolutionary Party and Kuomintang also call each other "comrades". Unconsciously, the word "comrade" has been given a strong political color, and it has become the address of members of political parties and people with the same political aspirations. Sun Yat-sen published a letter to comrades at home and abroad in 19 18. In the will of the Prime Minister, he also issued an appeal that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still have to work hard". The word "comrade" not only emphasizes like-mindedness, but also means equal status.

"товарищ" in Russian has the same meaning as "comrade" in Chinese. During the period of tsarist Russia, the name товарищ became popular among Russian revolutionaries. After the October Revolution, this word was widely used by producers all over the world. 192 1 year, with the help of * * Production International, China * * Production Party was founded, and it was stipulated in the party program of the First Congress: "Anyone who recognizes the party's program and policies and is willing to be loyal to party member will be accepted as party member and become our comrades." This is the first time that our party has used the word "comrade" in official documents. Because this word is used by both parties in China, its influence is expanding day by day, but it is mainly confined to political life.

In modern and contemporary literary works, the image of comrades is often a positive figure, extremely tall. For example, in the movie "Never Disappearing Radio Wave", Li Xia, an underground party worker played by Sun Daolin, remained as cool as a cucumber when the enemy had rushed in, sent the last telegram and added "Farewell to Comrade"! Let the audience feel tragic and emotional, and it is hard to let go for a long time. Because literary and artistic works have a strong leading and penetrating role in social life, the influence of the word "comrade" in daily life is constantly improving.

Since the founding of New China, the politicization of life content has become increasingly obvious, and the word "Comrade" suddenly became popular and unstoppable, and eventually became the "general title" of China people. At that time, there was a joke that a young man took part in a job and got paid. His parents asked him to pay for his family. Not only did he have no money, but he also wrote a book saying, "Old comrades of father and mother, new comrades of brothers and sisters;" Newcomers, new things, new countries, earn their own money and spend their own money. " Reflect a new family relationship. During the Cultural Revolution, the left wind prevailed, and "comrade" became the privilege of calling each other within the party and among the people, and it was quite proud. People regarded as class enemies and quasi-class enemies do not have this qualification and treatment. After being persecuted, only one word "comrade" was heard, which made those unlucky people burst into tears and excited.

Things change, white clouds are pale dogs. During the period of 1988, when preparing for the "first gay film festival" in Hong Kong, the organizers had racked their brains for how to translate the gay film festival into Chinese. Because the word "homosexuality" has formed a bad impression in the society for a long time, it is suggested that the word "homosexuality" should be used instead of homosexuality to dilute the relationship between love and lust. Unexpectedly, this move became a milestone in laying the foundation for the gay movement in China. Since then, the mainstream media has gradually adopted the word "comrade" to represent homosexuality. For a time, such names as "gay movies" and "gay literature" became popular in Taiwan Province Province, Chinese mainland and all over the world. Nowadays, even Comrade's Chinese pinyin "Tongzhi" is gradually adopted and confirmed by the English world.

With the development of society, when words such as "Mr", "Ms", "Mrs", "Miss" and "Boss" frequently appear in people's mouths, the word "Comrade" began to withdraw from the mainstream and was gradually forgotten by the world. Coupled with its increasingly close relationship with homosexuality, many people feel that calling each other "comrades" today is not only "backward", but also funny and even ambiguous.

Looking back, the feeling of "helplessness" can't help but arise.