Introduce St. Petersburg?

History of the city name

Construction period

The city was built on May 27, 1703 under the order of Russian Tsar Peter I. It consisted of the city’s first The building is named after the St. Peter and Paul Fortress guarding the mouth of the Neva River. The city's name is directly translated from the German "Sankt Peterburg". In 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, anti-German sentiment emerged in Russia, and the tsarist government renamed St. Petersburg to Petrograd. After the Soviet Union was established, the city's name was changed to Leningrad after Lenin's death in 1924 to commemorate the leader Lenin who launched a revolution in the city during the October Revolution. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, the old name of St. Petersburg was restored after a citizen vote.

(Note: "Grad" means "city" in Russian, and is also translated as "Glade" in other Slavic languages.)

With Differences in other cities

The biggest difference between St. Petersburg and other European cities is that the names of all European capitals are one word and have only one meaning; however, the name of St. Petersburg comes from three different origins: "St." - Derived from Latin, meaning "holy", "Peter" - the name of a disciple of Jesus, translated as "stone", "castle" in Greek - called "city" in German or Dutch ; In this way, the name of St. Petersburg not only coincides with the name of Peter the Great, but also shows that this young city contains extraordinary cultural background sources. Not only does it follow the cultural traditions of Germany and the Netherlands (Dutch and German both belong to the Germanic language family), but the symbolic meaning of the city is closely related to ancient Rome, with Saint Peter as its patron saint. Interestingly, even the coat of arms of St. Petersburg, a crossed sea anchor, resembles the coat of arms of the Vatican in Rome. The city flower of St. Petersburg is the tulip, which is most beautiful in spring and summer.

Geography

St. Petersburg is located at the deepest point of the Gulf of Finland. It is the delta area where the Great Neva and the Lesser Neva converge. At the beginning of the 18th century, it was still a swamp. With the construction of the city of St. Petersburg, artificial canals crisscrossed the city. These canals were dug during the reign of Catherine II to relieve the sea water that poured into St. Petersburg due to the shallow water of the Gulf of Finland. St. Petersburg *** has 42 small islands connected by 423 bridges. Area code: LED

Time zone: Standard time zone: +4 time zone UTC/GMT + 4 hours

Latitude and longitude: Latitude: 59°55' north latitude: 30°25' east longitude

Telephone area code: National area code: +7 (Russia) Area code: 812

History and construction history

St. Petersburg was founded in 1703 and has With a history of more than 300 years, the city's name comes from Saint Peter, a disciple of Jesus. In 1712, St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia. For more than 200 years, it remained the heart of the Russian Empire. St. Petersburg is located on the east coast of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea and at the mouth of the Neva River. It is Russia's second largest city, an important industrial center and transportation hub. The city was founded in 1703 when Peter the Great established the Peter and Paul Fortress on Rabbit Island at the mouth of the Neva River. It was later expanded into a city and was called St. Petersburg. The Russian capital was moved here from Moscow in 1712 and lasted for more than 200 years. It was renamed Petrograd in 1914. It was named Leningrad after Lenin's death in 1924. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the old name of St. Petersburg was restored. Dozens of criss-crossing waterways and canals on the Neva River Delta divide the land into nearly a hundred small islands, connected by more than 400 bridges, giving St. Petersburg a unique "water city" and "bridge city" landscape. The central city is on the south bank of the Great Neva River. The city's most prosperous Nevsky Prospekt runs through the city. Seaports, river ports and various factories are distributed in the peripheral Vasilyev Island District, Petrograd District and Vyborg District. The former imperial capital remains. There are many Russian classical buildings and places of interest, such as Petropavlovsk Fortress, Winter Palace and Palace Square, Summer Garden and Summer Palace, Naval Headquarters Building, St. Isaac's Cathedral, Decembrists Square, Smolny Palace, Russian Museum, Church of the Blood, Horse Bridge,...The Neva River has nurtured the splendid Russian culture and made St. Petersburg a famous city of science and culture. Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Many outstanding scientists and writers such as Pushkin and Gogol have lived and worked here. The city has hundreds of scientific research institutions, dozens of colleges and universities, as well as numerous museums, libraries, theaters, etc.

The name came about

On May 27, 1703, a grand foundation-laying ceremony of St. Petersburg was held on Rabbit Island in the name of the Holy Trinity; Peter the Great first laid the foundation stone on the Neva River The Peter and Paul Fortress was built on Rabbit Island in the Delta and was heavily guarded to defend against the Swedish army's attack. At this point, the Baltic Sea outlet was included in Russia's territory. Peter the Great created the Baltic Fleet, giving Russia its own territory for the first time in history. Navy, and he is well-deserved to be called the father of the Russian Navy.

Foundation Year

1703 is the founding year of St. Petersburg. Since then, the city has gradually developed from the fortress.

A huge price was paid to build this city. About 100,000 craftsmen were sent to work on the construction site. Because Petersburg was a swamp, Peter the Great also ordered that all the stones in the country be transported here to serve as the foundation. Any other It is forbidden to build houses with stones; in addition, ships coming here from other places also have to pay taxes. The so-called tax is not money, but the stones brought with the ships. According to the regulations at the time, large ships were required to carry 30 pieces and small boats were required to carry 10 pieces, with each piece not less than 10 pounds.

It was formerly known as Saint Petersburg (Sankt Pitersburkh, Sankt Peterburg) in 1914, called Petrograd (Petrograd) from 1914 to 1924, Leningrad (Leningrad) from 1924 to 1991, and renamed Saint Petersburg in 1991. Saint Petersburg). Russia's second largest city and important port. In St. Petersburg, there is the third largest cathedral in the world - St. Isaac's Cathedral, also known as Isaac Kiev Cathedral. This church was built in 1858 and took 40 years to complete. The interior is decorated with dark green marble and the ceiling murals are It is inlaid with fourteen different kinds of gemstones, and the icons in front of the altar are all inlaid with gold plating. It is a rare tourist attraction.

Gorgeous and luxurious gardens

The Peter Palace is located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland to the west of the city. Covering an area of ??800 hectares, it is the summer palace of the Tsar. In the gorgeous and luxurious gardens, there are There are various cleverly arranged fountains and golden statues, and some of the fountains will even tease people. If you accidentally step on the mechanism, water jets will spray out from all directions, which is endless fun. Peter Palace is also known as "Russia's Versailles".

The Hermitage Museum, one of the three largest museums in the world, is also located in St. Petersburg. It was also the former Winter Palace of the Tsar and is now part of the Russian State Museum. It contains the world's most precious paintings and paintings. Sculptures, such as famous oil paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso, Van Gogh and other famous artists. There are 2.7 million pieces of precious clocks and watches, collected from all over the world. In addition, famous places in the city such as the Niva River, the Royal Palace Square, the Lenin Memorial Statue, etc. are also worth visiting.

White Night City

St. Petersburg is one of the few cities in the world with white nights. From May to August every year, there is almost no dark sky in the city. During the daytime, you can stroll along the quiet Neva River. , looking at the Northern Lights in the blue sky, it feels like being in a dream. In addition to sightseeing, tourists can also browse Navsky Prospekt, where there are many shops selling ethnic products. Visitors can definitely buy their favorite souvenirs here and return home with a full load.

Saint Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia. It is located in the Neva River Delta at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. It has a current population of approximately 5 million (July 2006). St. Petersburg is a water city as famous as Venice. The entire city is composed of more than 40 islands, with more than 70 natural rivers and canals winding through it. The sparkling clear water complements the elegant buildings, and the large and small bridges with ancient charm are like rainbows lying on waves. St. Petersburg is a veritable bridge museum. In addition to railway and highway bridges, more than 300 bridges connect this water city together.

Building complex

The famous ancient building Peter and Paul Fortress on the bank of the Neva River in St. Petersburg

In 1712, Russia moved its capital from Moscow to this place and established it as its capital for 200 years. For many years, until 1914, this period was called St. Petersburg. The First World War broke out in 1914, when Russia and Germany were hostile countries. Because the word "burg" in St. Petersburg was derived from the German pronunciation, the authorities decided to rename the city Petrograd; in 1917, with the Aurora With a gunshot from the cruiser, the October Revolution led by Lenin was successful here, ushering in a new Soviet era. In March 1918, the capital was moved back to Moscow from here. After Lenin's death in 1924, people deeply missed this revolutionary leader. As the poet Mayakovsky said: Every stone here remembers Lenin. In order to commemorate him, the city was renamed Leningrad in 1924. "Grad" means city in Russian. Until January 1992, in order to rename the city, St. Petersburg held another referendum. As a result, most people agreed to change the name back to St. Petersburg. This is done to commemorate Peter the Great, and at the same time, it also marks the end of the Soviet era!

Leningrad during World War II

During World War II, St. Petersburg was called Leningrad. A tragic history was staged here. The German fascist army besieged the city for 872 days (from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944). It was the longest siege and anti-siege operation during World War II. . Hitler threatened: "Let the city of Petersburg disappear from the face of the earth." The Russians began the difficult defense of Leningrad. People in the city could only get 25 grams of bread a day, and many people starved to death and froze to death. However, the Soviet Red Army was unyielding and resisted desperately, preventing the enemy from taking another step forward. The Battle of Leningrad finally won the final victory, but it also paid a heavy price: according to statistics, 642,000 people died of hunger and cold in Leningrad, and more than 20,000 people died from German air raids and shelling. , 3,200 buildings were destroyed, the city was beyond recognition, and the streets turned into piles of rubble.

After the war, people rebuilt their homes and restored the monuments destroyed by fascist artillery fire. Through the hard work of artists and craftsmen, the city regained its former glory.

A famous historical city in Russia

St. Petersburg is a famous cultural and historical city in Russia. It is famous for its exquisite architecture and is known as the "Museum on the Ground". Peter and Paul Fortress, Summer Palace of Peter the Great, Smolny Palace, Winter Palace, Kazan Cathedral, St. Isaac's Cathedral and other buildings are elegant, luxurious and colorful. The famous Winter Palace is located on Palace Square in St. Petersburg. After the Tsar was overthrown in 1917, this former Tsar's palace became a symbol of the October Revolution. In 1922 it became part of the adjacent State Hermitage Museum. In addition, many famous Russian poets and writers such as Pushkin, Lermontov and Gorky once lived and created here.

In Russian history, St. Petersburg is also a heroic city. The February Revolution and October Revolution of 1917 both broke out here. The cruiser Aurora that bombarded the Winter Palace is still leaning on the Neva River, and the cannon that fired the first shot of the October Revolution is still pointed at the Winter Palace. During World War II, the city was besieged by German fascist troops for 900 days. Cold and starvation claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. But the heroic people of St. Petersburg relied on their courage, will and confidence to protect their city until they achieved victory against the siege. After the Patriotic War, the Soviet government awarded St. Petersburg the honorary title of "Heroic City", and the spirit of St. Petersburg people became a symbol of the Russian national spirit.

Today, St. Petersburg is one of the important teaching and scientific research centers in Russia. It has more than 40 colleges and universities and 400 scientific research institutions, including the Academy of Sciences established in the era of Peter the Great. St. Petersburg is also Russia's second largest industrial center after Moscow and an important seaport and shipbuilding base.

Because St. Petersburg is located at 60 degrees north latitude, with nearly 20 hours of sunshine in midsummer, the "white night" is a wonder of St. Petersburg. It usually occurs in June and July. There is only a brief gap between the setting sun in the west and the rising sun in the east. People can read and read newspapers on the street without holding a lamp.

Horseshoe-shaped city

Greater St. Petersburg forms a huge horseshoe-shaped town group at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland (including Kotlin Island): the north shore is a residential area, health resort area and tourist area; The south bank is the cultural and commercial center; the east side traces the Neva River to Ivanovskoye. The urban area is divided into 4 parts by the tributaries of the Neva River. The left bank (south bank) of the Neva River is the Naval District, the Vasily District between the Bolshoi and the Small Neva rivers, and the Petrgo district between the Small and Bolshoi Neva rivers. To the east of the Bolshoi Neva River is the Vyborg District.

St. Petersburg is also an important seaport in Russia. The main port is located in the southwest of the city. There are granite embankments on both sides of the river. There are protective embankments in the port area, artificial waterways and Kron on Kotlin Island. It is connected to the military port of Stade. The port area mainly imports metal pipes, industrial equipment, chemicals, sugar, cotton and fruits; exports machinery, wood, coal, potash and pyrite. Passenger traffic is mainly concentrated in the summer (via the Baltic Sea to the UK). Small sea ships can reach Lake Ladoga along the Neva River, where they are connected to the inland water system of European Russia, passing through Lake Ladoga, Sver River, Lake Onega and the White Sea Canal. Ships can enter the White Sea and are connected with the Northern Sea Route along the Russian Arctic Ocean. Via Lake Onega and the Volga-Baltic Sea route, ships can reach the Volga River Basin, the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea and the Sea of ??Azov.

The city has developed transportation, with 10 main railway lines radiating to Helsinki, Warsaw, Moscow and other major cities in Russia.

A famous cultural city

St. Petersburg is a famous cultural city. There is the Academy of Sciences built in the time of Peter the Great, more than 40 colleges and universities and more than 400 scientific research institutions. Among the famous ones are St. Petersburg State University founded in 1819, St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg State University of Architectural Design, Russian State Pedagogical University and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and the Permafrost Research Institute. There are more than 50 museums in the city, which is known as the Museum City. The famous Russian Museum was founded in 1895. The Russian ancient buildings in the city are famous. The main buildings in the early 18th century include: Peter and Paul Fortress and Peter and Paul Cathedral (the burial place of Peter the Great), Peter the Great’s summer garden on Admiralty Island and the summer palace in the garden. wait. These architectural complexes have the characteristics of early Russian Baroque architecture: simple, majestic and steady. The buildings in the late 18th century include Smolny Palace, Winter Palace, Tavelych Palace, and Anichkov Palace (renamed the Children's Palace after the October Revolution). The main buildings in the early 19th century include the magnificent Kazan Cathedral, the 101-meter-high Isaac Kiev Cathedral, etc. Many famous Russian poets and writers, such as Pushkin, Lermontov, Gorky and others, lived and created here.

Northern Capital

St. Petersburg is the political, economic and cultural center of Russia after Moscow. It is also the central city in the northwest region of Russia, also known as the "Northern Capital". It has more than 4,000 industrial enterprises, its output value accounts for 6% of Russia's total industrial output value, and its industrial products sell well across the country. The industry is dominated by manufacturing industries such as ships and power machinery. The scale of the shipbuilding industry ranks first in the CIS. It can produce large-scale atomic icebreakers, as well as various vehicles, motors and weapons.

Next is the chemical industry, which produces superphosphate (based on apatite from the Kola Peninsula), ships and other synthetic rubber products, plastics and their products, and synthetic fibers. The textile, food and daily consumer goods industries are also very developed, including cotton and linen textiles, clothing and boots and shoes industries. Electricity required for industry comes from nearby peat power stations and hydroelectric stations on the Volkhov, Sver and Vuoksa rivers.

Saint Petersburg, Russia's second largest city, is located in the Neva River Delta at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. It is Russia's "window" to Europe. The current population is approximately 5 million (July 2006). The entire city is composed of more than 40 islands, with waterways crisscrossing the city and more than 700 bridges connecting the islands. The beautiful St. Petersburg is known as the "Venice of the North". Because it is located at 60 degrees north latitude, there is a "white night" phenomenon in early summer every year.

This historic city was built by Peter the Great in 1703 and named after the Orthodox saint Peter, so it is called St. Petersburg. It was the capital of Russia from 1712 to 1918, hence the name "Capital of the North".

After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Russia and Germany became enemies of each other, so Russia replaced the German word "burg" with the Slavic word "Gler" for the city, and St. Petersburg was renamed Petersburg. Le (Petergrad). After Lenin's death in January 1924, the city was renamed Leningrad. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the city returned to its original name of St. Petersburg.

In Russian history, St. Petersburg is also a heroic city. The February Revolution and October Revolution of 1917 both broke out here. The cruiser Aurora that bombarded the Winter Palace is still leaning on the Neva River, and the cannon that fired the first shot of the October Revolution is still pointed at the Winter Palace. During the Soviet Patriotic War, the city was besieged by German fascist troops for 900 days. Cold and hunger claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. But the heroic people of St. Petersburg relied on their courage, will and confidence to protect their city until they achieved victory against the siege. After the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet government awarded St. Petersburg the honorary title of "Hero City", and the spirit of St. Petersburg people became a symbol of the Russian national spirit.

St. Petersburg is famous for its scenic spots and historic sites. There are a large number of famous buildings from the 18th to 19th centuries: Peter and Paul Fortress, Summer Palace of Peter the Great, Smolny Palace, Winter Palace, Kazan Cathedral, Isaac Kiev Cathedrals and other buildings are elegant, luxurious and colorful. The famous Winter Palace is located on Palace Square in St. Petersburg. After the Tsar was overthrown in 1917, this former Tsar's palace became a symbol of the October Revolution. In 1922 it became part of the adjacent State Hermitage Museum.

Many famous Russian poets and writers, such as Pushkin, Lermontov, Gorky and others, lived and wrote here. This city also gave birth to and cultivated artistic celebrities such as Glinka, Tchaikovsky, and Shostakovich. St. Petersburg is one of the important teaching and scientific research centers in Russia. It has the Academy of Sciences established in the era of Peter the Great. There are more than 40 colleges and universities and 400 scientific research institutions in the city, including the famous St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg State Technical University, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and Permafrost Research Institute. There are more than 50 museums in the city, and it is known as the "Museum City".

St. Petersburg is the second largest industrial center in Russia after Moscow, and is also an important seaport and shipbuilding base. The industry is dominated by manufacturing industries such as ships and power machinery. It can produce large-scale atomic icebreakers. The chemical, textile and food industries are also very developed.

In addition, this city is also known for its strong sports atmosphere. St. Petersburg hosts more than 1,000 sporting events every year, of which more than 100 are national and international events. From 1993 to 2008, athletes from St. Petersburg have won more than 220 gold medals in major international and European sports competitions. There are 4 higher and secondary sports colleges, 98 youth sports schools, 2 Olympic reserve talent training schools, and 5 high-level sports talent training schools. The total number of students in the school is about 73,000.

St. Petersburg became a sister city with Shanghai, China in 1988.

Edit this paragraph's population

The population of St. Petersburg on January 1, 2010 was 4,600,276. The average income in 2003 was 6179 rubles (approximately 176 euros). The city's residents are mainly Russians (89.1%), with others including Ukrainians (3%), Jews (2.1%), Belarusians (1.9%) and Tatars (0.9%). Other residents account for 3%, including Finns, Estonians, Germans, Poles, Vietnamese, Chinese, etc.

Tourism Representative Palace

The Winter Palace (Зимний дворец): Originally the royal palace of the Russian Empire, it is now part of the Hermitage Museum. In front of the palace is the semicircular General Staff Square and the Alexander Monument. Located on the Palace Square, it was built between 1754 and 1762 and was the royal palace of the tsars of the past dynasties. The architectural style is Baroque, with three floors and more than 1,000 large and small halls and rooms. The interior and exterior decorations are extremely luxurious.

After the Russian October Revolution, the Winter Palace was transformed into a museum, collecting nearly 3 million pieces of various antiques and art treasures from all over the world. Displayed according to the major themes of prehistoric culture, Greek and Roman culture, oriental culture and Russian culture, it is currently the world's most beautiful museum. One of the largest museums in the world with the most collections.