What great achievements did Alexander the Great achieve?

Alexander was the first one. He ascended the throne at the age of 20, set out on an expedition to the Persian Empire a year later and conquered it at the age of 33.

After traveling in Persia, Egypt and northern India, he died on his way back to the army. How great is this man in western history?

It can be seen from an anecdote that Caesar was mediocre when he was young until he became a financial officer in Spain at the age of 34.

Once I saw the statue of Alexander in the temple, I suddenly remembered that Alexander had reached his age.

Conquered the whole world known to the Greeks at that time. Compared with ourselves, I can't help feeling sad and sighing. From this

Alexander's deeds inspired Caesar's ambition, and he tried to be a great man.

The background of Alexander's era is this: the Persian Empire is the first empire in human history that spans three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa.

The empire tried to conquer the Greek peninsula in the 5th and 6th centuries BC, and the Greek city-states jointly repelled Persian aggression.

(such as marathon, hot spring pass, Salamis Bay and other famous battles), and then Athens, Greece.

Sparta fought for the leadership of the Greek world in the Peloponnesian War for 30 years. Athens, Sparta,

And Thebes were the champions, but both lost.

Macedonia, a small country in northern Greece, took the opportunity to rise. Alexander's father was King Philip of Macedonia. Philip Zhuang

Established an elite professional army, improved the organization of infantry phalanx, and made Macedonia one of the Greek worlds.

A powerful country. Alexander grew up in a heroic palace atmosphere, not only practicing martial arts, but also

And received a good education. Alexander's personal teacher is the great philosopher Aristotle, who has been following him since he was 13 years old.

Aristotle lived in a small mountain village for three years. According to Fuller, a British military historian and theorist

Evaluation, Alexandria is a small country with a small population in the traditional city-state world of Greece, and the first person with "cosmopolitan".

"The emperor's imperial thoughts, his thoughts, directly affected the later Roman Empire and modern western culture.

Originated in ancient Greece and Rome. "He is not only a world conqueror, but also created a concept of the world.

Since then, this concept has been revived again and again in every era. Because of this, so

No one else in the history of the West can keep up with his glorious position "(quoted from Fuller's Alexandra).

Alexander the Great will ship (1960 English version). In this

There must be the influence of his teacher Aristotle.

When Alexander was 20 years old (336 BC), Philip was assassinated. After Alexander succeeded to the throne, he used his father.

The solid political and military foundation laid was completed in Athens, Sparta,

What Thebes didn't do, he became the master of the whole Greek world and assembled a Greek Coalition to open it.

Start an expedition to the huge Persian empire.

At the end of 335 BC or the beginning of 334 BC, Alexander, 2 1 year-old, crossed Helle Pen with 30,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry.

The Strait (today's Bosporus Strait) set foot on the land of Asia and began an expedition. From then on, until his death,

Alexander took part in an expedition and never returned to Greece. His Greek Coalition, infantry and horses

Its phalanx soldiers are the main cavalry, the Thessalonians in Greece are the main cavalry, and his most elite Macedonian Guards.

Soldiers (the embryonic form of heavy knights in western Europe) American military theorist Dupuy believes that the Macedonian phalanx is

At that time, there was a real revolution in military organization and tactics in the world (The Evolution of Weapons and War, 85 Chinese version).

Alexander spent his whole life in the campaign and fought countless battles, the most important of which were the four major battles. The first battle

It was the Battle of grani-Kush, shortly after grani crossed Hellers-Pang, and three generals from Persian border provinces.

Du, including Ma Fu in Darius, the Persian emperor, joined 40,000 troops (20,000 Persian cavalry and 20,000 Greek mercenaries) and was

Alexander was defeated in the First World War. In this battle, Alexander personally led the guards to charge, with two Persian governors and himself.

His helmet and brim were also cut off by a Persian governor's tomahawk. Another Persian governor is in Alexandria

He was shot dead by Alexander's department when he attacked from behind.

After this war, he found that the advantage of Persian navy seriously troubled his logistics supply, but at that time Greece

There is no fleet strong enough to challenge Persian sea power. So he decided to take a stupid approach-from land.

Occupy all ports and ground bases in the eastern Mediterranean. Alexander set out from today's Turkey, all the way.

Fighting in southern Syria, Palestine, until Egypt. On the way, the Persian emperor Darius made a personal expedition from Asia.

In the hinterland of the mainland, hundreds of thousands of troops appeared behind Alexander, cutting off the supply line of Macedonian army. Alex mt

Facing Darius' superior forces, exorcist turned around and fought the battle of Isus. Waves in the Battle of Isus

Classical historians have different opinions on Sri Lanka's strength, and the 600,000 in Arian's "Alexander Expedition" is affirmative.

This is very exaggerated. However, there is no problem that Persian forces occupy a great advantage. But the quality of the Persian army is not as good as that of horses

Its army. The battle almost wiped out the Persian army, and Emperor Darius escaped. In order to consolidate the rear, Alexander

Instead of pursuing, he turned around and continued to conquer the ports along the Mediterranean coast, during which he conducted the famous Tyre.

The siege lasted for seven months.

Then Alexander went south to conquer Egypt and established the famous port city of Alexandria in Egypt today, and claimed that since

He is the son of the sun god Amon. At this point, "he is associated with the concept of Homonia, that is, harmony, unity and unity.

Single-minded means "."Aristotle told Alexander that Greeks should be regarded as friends and barbarians.

Should be like animals. But Alexander went further than Plato, Aristotle and others, and he liked it better.

I am willing to divide human beings into good and evil, regardless of racial differences, because Alexander believes that he has a divine gift.

Mission, to reconcile all mankind. " (Excerpted from the works of British historian Tarn Tarn, quoted from The Rich.

Le Military History of the Western World 1980 Chinese Version Volume I 107).

After conquering Egypt, Alexander went north to the hinterland of Persia and made a comprehensive reconciliation with Darius. In Abela.

The Battle of Abela, also known as the Battle of Goga and Milla, had 40,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry in Alexandria.

Facing the soldiers of the tribes of the Persian Empire summoned by Darius. Plutarch's classic "Ten"

Biography of the Second Emperor says that the Persian army 1 10,000 (yes, 1 10,000), and Arian says that it is 40,000 cavalry and infantry110,000.

200 sickle chariots, 15 war elephants (before Hannibal's war against Rome, war elephants were used outside India.

It is recorded for the first time in history). Of course, these figures are greatly exaggerated. The real Persian army number is no longer

Kao, the most conservative estimate is 200,000 infantry and 45,000 cavalry. The result of the Battle of Abela is ancient and huge.

The Persian Empire collapsed in World War I, and Darius fled the battlefield and was killed by rebel princes.

After the demise of the Persian Empire, Alexander continued to March on the Caspian Sea. After a series of battles, he destroyed countless countries.

March eastward, cross Afghanistan, invade India, and March into Hyderabad in eastern India.

The United States) River confronted Indian King poros, who came to fight in the war, and finished the last of his four major wars.

Second, the battle of Haidapesi completely defeated Porras' army. Because I admire porras' bravery and I want to win.

With the support of the local people, Alexander released the captured Paula after the war and still made him king of India. although

Two sons and a grandson of Porras were killed on the battlefield, and Porras himself still died in Alexandria.

Be true to your heart.

At this time, Alexander's army was tired of fighting, and Alexander had to start returning to the west. On the way, he sent someone in.

A series of exploration activities were carried out, including finding the mouth of the Indus River, looking for the Persian Gulf and drawing coastal topographic maps.

I also want to find out whether the Caspian Sea is a sea or a lake, and so on. In June 323 BC, he returned to his city of Babylon.

Contracted malaria and died at the age of 33.