On the Development of Forest Tourism in China

China is rich in forest tourism resources, and its development has begun to take shape. However, from the development process and present situation, there are still some problems in China's forest tourism industry, such as the economic benefits are not obvious and the leading role of the government is weakened. In view of this, this paper puts forward some countermeasures.

First, deepen ecological awareness and strengthen government guidance.

As a kind of ecotourism, forest tourism is the main body of ecotourism in China. Forest tourism is different from other tourism, and its main body should include tourists, tour operators and government decision makers. It is incomplete to ignore any of them. From the perspective of tourists, it is a high-level tourism activity and an advanced stage of tourism activities, which is divided into low-level to high-level levels; For the managers of tourism development and operation, it is a deeper and more advanced management idea and concept of tourism development and operation, and a mode of sustainable utilization of tourism resources; As far as the government departments of China are concerned, it is an eco-economic system project which is guided by ecological thought, protects the natural and social environment, protects the original ecological and harmonious traditional culture, develops the regional economy, improves the quality of life of residents, enables residents and tourists to get education in the benefit and leisure activities, and finally consciously protects the environment. This is a way to realize the sustainable development of forest tourism. As the management organization of forest resources, the government should implement the government-led development strategy in the development of forest tourism. Government leading is not the direct management of the government, but provides a good external environment for the development of forest tourism.

Second, pay attention to the image building and product development of tourist destinations.

The first step to establish the image of a tourist destination is to integrate the image. Image integration is a process of refining themes and designing vivid images with the ecological concept of harmony between man and nature. The first step of image fusion is to determine the image carrier. Forest landscape resources or forest landscape resources are not only rich and colorful scenery such as forests, gardens, ancient and famous trees, exotic flowers and herbs, but also include many natural and human landscapes, which are set off by mountains, waters, springs, waterfalls, caves, Gorges, temples, ancient tombs, historic sites and celebrities. However, for areas rich in forest resources, natural scenery should be considered first, because secondly, exotic species should be selected as image messengers from the evolution history of local species and existing objects; Thirdly, the advantages of closely combining human landscape, historical sites and natural landscape are utilized to display the regional tourism image. The second step of image integration is artistic processing. Mainly combined with market orientation, planning experts as the main body, cleverly conceived ideas, such as image positioning, theme design and so on. Next, we should carefully design the image carrier, highlight its uniqueness and uniqueness, and enhance the attraction of tourist destinations, so as to better expand the market and combine it with the international tourism market.

The development of tourism products should be market-oriented, develop forest landscape resources, formulate the development strategy of forest tourism products, adjust the structure of forest products, change the situation of single product structure and carry out diversified forest tourism activities. In addition to sightseeing products, develop tourism products with high cultural content, such as using animal and plant resources, air negative ion resources, pleasant climate resources, clean water resources, fresh air and quiet environment, and developing retreats, forest baths and healthy walks. Increase the development of participatory, fitness and challenging tourism products to meet the different needs of the market, such as camping, cross-country hiking, mountaineering, fishing, water entertainment and a series of relatively primitive health and entertainment activities, and pay attention to strengthening the design of characteristic tourist souvenirs. Third, do a good job in ecological regulation of landscape. Landscape ecological problems are the core problems faced by ecotourism destinations such as forest parks and nature reserves. Is the primary problem of the sustainable development of forest tourism, and the ecological regulation of landscape is to use the principles and methods of landscape ecology to regulate the landscape ecology of forest tourism destinations, which is mainly reflected in:

(1) Do a good job in planning the ecological function of tourism landscape. The development of forest tourism destinations should be divided into six areas: absolute protected areas with precious natural landscapes and rare and endangered biological species, where tourism activities are strictly prohibited and tourists are prohibited from entering; The wilderness area excluding human interference is relatively wide, and it also belongs to the category of protection in development. However, compared with the absolute reserve, some field trips and hiking activities can be carried out in a controlled manner, and the amount of activities is controlled within the bearing capacity of the natural environment. In the tourist construction area, only some pedestrian walkways and simple campsites are built; Natural scenery sightseeing area, this area is small, with beautiful and strange natural scenery, and facilities such as simple hotels can be built; Entertainment area, this area is very small, with complete and concentrated tourist facilities; The tourist town area is the center of tourism business management, which is mainly responsible for the accommodation, entertainment and shopping of park tourists.

(2) Landscape ecological design. Patch, corridor, matrix and edge are the basic models used by landscape ecology to explain the spatial structure of landscape. Patches in tourist areas refer to various consumption places of tourists, such as scenic spots, campsites, hotels, etc. In terms of tourism landscape resources, either natural landscape or human landscape is the main one, or it is the functional area of their comprehensive landscape. Corridor refers to a narrow strip with two sides different from the matrix, and the corridors in tourist areas can be divided into three types: interval corridor refers to the modes of transportation, routes and passages between tourist areas and tourist source areas and surrounding areas; The corridor in the region refers to the channel system inside the tourist destination; The corridor in the scenic spot refers to the connecting route between patches, such as the sightseeing route of the scenic spot. Matrix is the background ecosystem or land use in patch mosaic, which generally refers to the geographical environment and humanistic and social characteristics of tourist destinations. Edge, also known as edge zone, mainly refers to the peripheral protection zone of the whole tourist destination or the peripheral environment of tourist spots, and its function focuses on edge effect.

The ecological design of tourism landscape is mainly reflected in the design of landscape structure and macro pattern. In forest tourism destinations, the key points of patch operation are mainly manifested in three aspects: attribute selection, entity design and spatial layout. Choosing typical landscapes and activity areas, supplemented by clever spatial layout and ecological image design, is the focus of development. The design of tourist patches should be integrated with the environment, and the human landscape and natural landscape should be highly hygienic. The patches of artificial buildings should really be in harmony with the natural patches, especially the tourism infrastructure. For example, the building materials of hotels can be completely ecological, and hotels can partially use recycled raw materials to supply locally produced and processed plant foods. Pay attention to the cultural characteristics of local natural and cultural landscapes, and avoid the strong smell of urbanization and commercialization from destroying the original landscape.

Corridor design in scenic spots should take paths, river banks and ski trails as corridors, pay attention to reasonable combination, cross each other to form a network, and strengthen the design of tourism functions other than its transportation functions to prolong the time for tourists to watch. The corridor design in the area should avoid the fragile ecological zone, choose the area with strong ecological restoration function for construction as far as possible, and make full use of the existing natural corridor, but the length of the corridor connecting the scenic spots should be appropriate, too long corridor will dilute the wonderful degree of the landscape, and too short corridor will affect the normal operation of the landscape ecosystem. In the design of corridor, the passenger flow through the road should be consistent with the environment of the area. In road construction, we should try to use pollution-free materials close to nature, such as pebbles, sand, bamboo, wood, etc., and exclude materials such as cement and slag.

Design of matrix. The function of the matrix is to analyze the spatial pattern of landscape by using remote sensing technology and geographic information system technology, and to construct a heterogeneous tourism landscape pattern, so as to divide the landscape function and tourism ecological zoning of tourist areas, design the theme by plate, plan the image of tourism products, and embody the ecological principle that diversity determines stability and the principle of interaction between theme and environment.

Landscape ecological security pattern design. The study of landscape ecology proves that "there is a potential ecological security pattern in the landscape, which is composed of some key local, regional and spatial connections in the landscape." Ecological security pattern has the advantages of initiative, spatial connection and high efficiency in maintaining and controlling a certain process, which is of great significance to biodiversity protection and landscape change. In the natural ecosystem, the shape and size of patches, the trend of corridors and the combination mode of patches and corridors have important influences on many creatures. Man-made changes in landscape pattern are very unfavorable to the development of various populations, and the disappearance of some key species may degrade the whole ecosystem. Therefore, the landscape planning and ecological safety design in accordance with the biological characteristics of organisms and the laws of ecosystems are relatively stable and have a large capacity. When designing the landscape of forest tourism destination, we should fully study the characteristics and action mechanism of the natural ecosystem in this region, build a safe ecological pattern that conforms to the local natural ecology, that is, develop the spatial layout with water vein, green vein and cultural vein as the guide, and form a tourist area with beautiful and perfect vision and virtuous circle in function.

(3) Strengthen landscape ecological management.

1. Strengthen the management of tourist facilities. Due to the special requirements of eco-tourism for visual landscape, it is particularly important to maintain the diversity of the original visual landscape in the planning and design of its visual landscape. According to the level of tourism destination landscape ecosystem, different standards are formulated, and the facilities configuration in each district is stipulated, and its scale, quantity, type, color, material and style are strictly controlled. Fully embody the principle of harmony with natural landscape, keep the condition of wood bottom, show the natural features and local characteristics of nature reserves, minimize artificial colors, and truly realize the relationship between "patches" and "corridors" of artificial buildings and natural landscape.

2. Strengthen management. The sustainable development of forest tourism determines whether its development and management are scientific and ecological, whether it can not only maintain the ecological environment and natural landscape of tourist destinations, but also provide tourists with the experience of returning to nature. The key is to continuously improve the quality of tourism managers. Because of the inherent particularity of forest tourism, tourism managers must have high environmental awareness and environmental management skills in addition to the conventional tourism development and management capabilities. Therefore, the forest tourism development should first educate the tourism development operators, so that they can clearly understand the current trend of tourism development, consciously apply ecological principles in tourism development and management, launch real forest tourism products, and promote the coordinated development of forest tourism development and environmental protection. The management of tourists is mainly to determine a reasonable tourist capacity, which can adjust the passenger flow through trails and trails, and guide tourists in space and time, such as raising the price of tourism and limiting the amount of tourists entering. On the other hand, various effective methods and measures can be taken, such as setting up infrastructure with environmental education function in tourist areas, adding ecological products to tourist commodities, and formulating reward and punishment measures, so as to make them consciously abide by tourism laws and regulations, improve their ecological awareness and environmental protection awareness, and protect the ecological environment and eco-tourism resources.

3. Strengthen environmental monitoring. In the process of forest tourism activities, it is unrealistic and impossible to completely eliminate the impact on the destination environment. Advanced environmental monitoring instruments and scientific environmental monitoring methods can be used to determine the optimal environmental capacity of forest tourism destinations, and to clarify the number, behavior, transportation, accommodation, catering, waste and entertainment of tourists, so as to minimize the damage to environmental resources. Four. Eco-tourism certification Forest tourism is a kind of eco-tourism. In order to make forest tourism truly serve the forest tourism destination and its surrounding communities, the international community usually adopts eco-tourism certification. Forest tourism in China has just started. Forest tourism is essentially based on landscape tourism and wildlife viewing. These tourists mainly visit natural resources, which actually brings new pressure to natural resources and environment, making natural ecological protection more difficult. In order to maintain the sustainable development of eco-tourism and promote the development of forest tourism in China, eco-tourism certification must be carried out, making it a decision to guide the sustainable development of China's tourism industry from a high starting point and making China's tourism industry occupy a place in the fierce international tourism competition. V. Scientific Digital Planning China's forest tourism planning belongs to perceptual planning to a great extent. The biggest feature of perceptual planning is the lack of independent technical means and independent theoretical basis, mainly "reference" and "analogy", the lack of restriction and guidance of the inherent laws of tourism development, and the low technical content, which makes tourism planning something that everyone can do, even non-professionals can do better than professionals and have more imagination. Tourism planning has become a planning, telling stories and giving ideas.

Resources, markets and products are three basic problems in the development of tourism, especially the positioning of resources and markets directly affects the development direction of regional tourism. Many schemes lack effective theoretical support and technical methods on this issue, lay particular stress on subjective experience, make general positioning, and replace market research with personal experience, which makes the schemes lack credibility and reliability. The main reason is that the research status determines that the planning is difficult to reach the quantitative level and can only be analyzed qualitatively, which leads to an increase in the number of forest parks, but the economic benefits are not obvious.

Digital planning is indeed a high-tech planning, which is based on modern information technology. Taking data and drawings as the language, this paper expounds the ideas of tourism analysis and planning, so that the planning has a sense of scale. The basic process of digital planning is shown in the right: Sixth, strengthen talent training. Practically speaking, the overall quality of managers engaged in forest tourism and forest parks in 20 13 needs to be further improved. Forest tourism involves forestry, tourism, environmental protection, biology, geography, history and other fields. The key to creating high-grade and high-grade tourism products is the introduction, training and quality improvement of talents. On the one hand, we should absorb professionals with high comprehensive quality to expand the team; On the other hand, we should adopt the way of "please come in and go out", strengthen the training and rotation training for on-the-job personnel, implement high-quality standardized management, and improve the quality of employees and service quality. At the same time, we should vigorously carry out forest tourism publicity activities, use various media forms, expand social influence, and combine popular science education, environmental protection and physical exercise. Widely publicize the role and significance of forest tourism, not only strive for the active support of the local government, but also guide people to enjoy the benefits of nature, attract more domestic and foreign tourists to get close to nature and protect nature.

The emergence of forest tourism activities has a profound social, economic and cultural background, which is closely related to the deterioration of the quality of human living environment, the awakening of human environmental awareness, the activation of human's mentality of "returning to nature", the neglect of ecological environment protection by traditional tourism forms and the requirements of tourism development. The rapid development of human industrial civilization not only increases people's ability to understand and develop, but also seriously distorts the relationship between man and nature. As a form of tourism, forest tourism should abandon predatory development and utilization and control human tourism activities within the carrying capacity of nature. At the same time, the development of forest tourism in China is also facing many factors. As long as we choose correctly and keep exploring and innovating, we will surely usher in the healthy development of forest tourism tomorrow.

Ombukan Scenic Spot in Aershan is the first scenic spot with forest as its theme in China. Located in Aershan City, Xing 'an League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total area of 250 square kilometers and a core scenic spot of 28.9 square kilometers. The scenic area and its surrounding forests, grasslands, volcanoes, ice and snow, hot springs and wetlands are rich.