How to treat our country’s rich historical and cultural heritage when traveling

To improve tourists’ own quality, tour guides often remind us of the country’s rich historical and cultural heritage

In recent years, with the prosperity of ethnic cultural tourism, the protection of ethnic culture and tourism development have Contradictions are also becoming increasingly prominent. Unreasonable tourism development will bring many negative impacts and negative effects to the national culture of tourist destinations, such as the superficiality, vulgarization, and commercialization of national culture. Emphasizing development while protecting will lead to poor development and failure to protect. Emphasizing protection while developing will lead to development without protection. In the process of national cultural protection and tourism development, how to properly handle the relationship between protection and development and how to combine it with tourism is a problem that needs to be seriously considered and treated with caution. It is necessary to consider the inheritance and development of national culture and the benefits of tourism. economic development. Therefore, in order to further explore the issue of ethnic cultural protection and tourism development in Guizhou and effectively resolve the contradiction between ethnic cultural protection and tourism development in Guizhou, the Guizhou Shizhu Ethnic Research Center and the Guizhou Ethnic Studies Society held a meeting in Huaxi, Guiyang on September 25, 2005. *** also held a seminar on national cultural protection and tourism development.

The meeting was attended by Guizhou University for Nationalities, Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Provincial Federation of Social Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Tourism Bureau, Guizhou Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee, Guizhou Provincial Department of Culture, Qiandongnan There are more than 80 leaders from the Guizhou Tourism Bureau, relevant experts from the Guizhou Shiju Ethnic Research Center and the Guizhou Ethnic Studies Society, and representatives from the Guizhou Monoethnic Studies Society. Relevant leaders, experts and scholars who attended the meeting spoke freely and launched a lively discussion on the theme of national cultural protection and tourism development. Expert speeches and expert comments were used to activate the atmosphere of the seminar and provide multi-angle views on national cultural protection and tourism. Provide suggestions for development issues. The main contents of this seminar are summarized as follows:

1. Existing problems

At the seminar, experts and scholars believed that there are the following problems in the protection of ethnic culture and tourism development in Guizhou Problems in aspects:

(1) There are some misunderstandings in the development of ethnic cultural tourism in Guizhou Province

l. The general background of ethnic culture in Guizhou Province is not clear. Many people who engage in ethnic cultural tourism in Guizhou Province The development experts each have a lot of tricks, but they are all unclear and they only know what they are. 2. Among the ethnic cultural tourism resources in Guizhou Province, what are the ethnic cultural resources that can be developed, what are the ethnic cultural resources that cannot be developed, what are the ethnic cultural resources that can only be developed by paying attention to methods, and what are the ethnic cultural resources that should be strictly prohibited from development. Most of the cultural resources are not understood. 3. The so-called market operation of ethnic cultural tourism development in Guizhou Province. This is the wisdom of a businessman. In this businessman's wisdom, no matter what nationality, what culture, what protection, as long as the government gives him a concession, he can trade whenever possible. 4. For the purpose of tourism development, the so-called packaging of Guizhou Province’s ethnic culture. Random names are given to national cultural events, so-called commercial explanations are made, and this kind of packaging is called so-called "creativity." 5. The phenomenon of pseudo-folklore is serious. There are several manifestations: First, it is the grassroots cultural people who create pseudo-folk customs from the root. Second, it is pseudo-folk custom that is "made up" based on the original folk custom in order to cater to the tastes of tourists. The third is that the so-called developers make things up for themselves in order to reduce costs. Fourth, in order to cater to the novelty and vulgar tastes of some tourists, certain parts of folk culture are deliberately exaggerated, such as sex, violence, blood, strange marriages, and other customs. 6. Predatory development. When a place becomes "hot", the tourist team comes, eats, drinks, stays, sees, plays, and finally leaves. After a tourism process is completed, the villagers use their own national culture as capital to invest in this "business" and "partner" with the tourism organization to do this "business". National culture can be said to be the basic capital of this "business", but the villagers do not get 10% of the profits. It can be said that this is a plunder of national culture. 7. Poverty alleviation development. Sometimes, the development of ethnic cultural tourism in Guizhou Province is carried out under the banner of "poverty alleviation". If a place is at the end of its road and there is no hope, it will develop ethnic cultural tourism. The development of national cultural tourism under this guiding ideology is based on sympathy rather than rational understanding under normal circumstances. The result is that it is "lively on its own" for a while, which not only wastes money, but also affects the image of tourism development. 8. Interventional development. In the development of ethnic cultural tourism in Guizhou Province, it interferes too much with the normal progress of local ethnic culture and the survival and development rights of the people in tourist areas. 9. The relationship between development and protection cannot be straightened out. When faced with a national cultural phenomenon, if we do not understand its cultural nature and what can and cannot be developed, we will naturally not be able to understand the normal relationship between development and protection.

(2) Limitations of the original ecological cultural protection model

l. Limitations of the intellectual property protection model: Current laws and regulations do not provide for the protection of original ecological culture, and there are no ready-made legal protection system. 2. Limitations of the application and protection model for material cultural heritage: the protection scope is wide, with 17 aspects. According to the requirements of UNESCO, it has become an enclosure-style protection, which is not conducive to communication with the outside world. 3. Limitations of the ecological folk culture area protection model: urbanization is serious and national cultural characteristics are not prominent. 4. Limitations of the eco-museum conservation model: solidification, fixation and development conflict.

5. Limitations of the folk customary law protection model: it only restricts people within the community and does not restrict people outside the community. 6. Limitations of the tourism development and protection model: Developers and managers lack knowledge of ethnic cultural tourism resources, and relevant government departments often take it for granted.

(3) The negative impact of ethnic tourism development on ethnic communities

l. The commercialization of elegant and simple folk customs. 2. Changes in social values. 3. The degradation of social morals. 4. The meaning of certain traditional skills and handicraft designs has been lost.

2. Countermeasures and Suggestions

Our country is a multi-ethnic country, and the research on the development of ethnic cultural tourism is of even greater significance. Under the influence of ideological trends such as sustainable development, cultural diversity protection and eco-tourism, the development and academic research of ethnic cultural tourism products will face many opportunities and challenges. How to make the development of tourism consistent with the protection and development of the traditional culture of local communities? How to make the development of tourism and the social development of local ethnic communities promote each other? How to promote tourism by protecting the traditional culture and natural environment resources of ethnic communities Can this community continue to develop? This is a question that tourism development in ethnic areas must seriously consider. Therefore, based on the actual situation of Guizhou, the experts and scholars participating in the meeting put forward the following suggestions:

(1) Have a good understanding of the relationship between traditional national culture and tourism development

Must Based on the fullest understanding of cultural connotation and cultural characteristics, and on this basis, according to the characteristics of culture such as attenuation, inheritance, variability, etc., we clearly understand the two basic ways of cultural protection: First, for those who cannot adapt The cultural qualitative factors that develop over time, that is, are likely to be reduced in the process of modernization, should be protected in a static way. These cultural qualitative factors should also be excavated, collected, and organized, and then recorded in words, cultural relics, pictures, ruins, and audio recordings. Secondly, those cultural qualitative factors that can adapt to the development of the times should be dynamically protected, that is, they should be integrated and, under the guidance of experts and relevant government departments, use modern subjective values. One - the market, to generate a culture that is based on tradition but also develops and innovates. Scientific and reasonable national cultural tourism development is the dynamic protection of national culture. These two approaches must be pursued simultaneously, otherwise the protection of culture will be incomplete and incomplete, and it will be difficult for people in the future to fully understand a culture from a three-dimensional perspective, and it will be even harder for people to appreciate the historical charm of cultural diversity.

(2) Achieve sustainable development of tourism while protecting and inheriting the original national culture

1. Active protection measures must be taken for those fragile original cultures. It is necessary to fully implement the "Regulations on the Protection of Ethnic and Folk Culture of Guizhou Province" and implement it in every aspect of tourism development, and implement the principle of giving priority to protection and rational development.

2. Tourism development should explore more content that permeates the traditional culture of the nation, try to keep urban costumes and modern songs and dances away from various ethnic customs tourist attractions, and restore traditional ethnic customs tourism in these attractions. 3. Strengthen the education of traditional national virtues, so that tourists from far away can truly feel the simplicity, kindness, warmth and friendliness of people of all ethnic groups.

(3) Correctly handle the relationship between the subject and object of the development of ethnic cultural tourism

Different from general development projects, the development of ethnic cultural tourism requires a large investment and investment demonstration and evaluation is difficult. Development involves all aspects of the government, investors, national cultural entities, scientific research and other departments. These aspects are indispensable, so the priority must be corrected. The government's role should mainly lie in the macro-control of tourist attractions, providing financial project support, policy guidance, media publicity, and using its functions to effectively coordinate relationships among all aspects; investors are responsible for providing development funds and taking charge of the development and development of scenic spots. Use and manage; national cultural subjects are the key factors in development, and should actively and consciously cooperate with the government, scientific research departments and investors to explore and develop the qualitative factors of the local ethnic culture; scientific research departments should make full use of their own cultural research advantages to Demonstrate the development object and give it a scientific positioning, continue to observe and guide during the development and operation process, make timely corrections in theory and guide development and operation activities.

(4) Correctly understand the relationship between traditional national culture and modernization

Faced with the strong impact of modern civilization, the modernization of traditional national culture has attracted much attention. Modernization is a process of transformation from traditional society to modern society, so there is no question of whether to "modernize" or not. Modernization is the inevitable form of existence of traditional culture; because the living environment of traditional national culture is changing, it arises from specific survival The national culture of the environment will inevitably mutate accordingly. It is neither possible nor appropriate to protect it "authentically", and its charm can only be preserved. Although there is a phenomenon that wherever the tourism industry is developed, the traditional features will change drastically, thus disappointing tourists, it should also be recognized that local residents tend to modernize their lifestyles and culture, which is a major factor in social development. Trends cannot be changed by humans. Just because we are developing ethnic cultural tourism, we cannot require all community residents to maintain their traditional appearance and hope that their lifestyles will always be conservative.

However, through reasonable and scientific development of the tourism industry, national cultural characteristics can be maintained and modern people's travel needs can be met; cultural modernization must be based on national culture, carry forward the essence of traditional national culture, eliminate its dross, and inherit On the basis of national traditional culture, it absorbs the excellent elements of foreign culture.

Participants believed that how much impact does tourism development have on national culture? How to reduce the erosion of the national culture of tourist destinations due to the entry of tourists? What are the attitudes, demonstration effects and resentment of residents of ethnic communities towards tourism development? The evolution of fear, as well as other issues in tourism anthropology, require serious and moderately advanced research. Therefore, as researchers engaged in ethnic studies, it is necessary to establish a specific conceptual system to standardize academic research involving ethnic cultural tourism development and management, so that independent research can be communicated to a wider range of fields and exert its greater influence. Application benefits, while increasing academic accumulation in disciplines such as ethnology, tourism, and resource science.