What's interesting about the whole city? 20 17.

As an antique city, Bian Xiao prefers antique things, so sometimes he pays attention to some places with ancient flavor. This is the whole city. Maybe his antique is not what you think. Come and feel with me first.

On July 6, 20 17, on Sunday, 16, the continuous high temperature weather was not changed by several rainfalls. From 20 13, the trip to the Han tombs in Mancheng, which has been planned for many years, has finally been put on the agenda. Sunday is a light fog, a simple outing, 170 kilometers of self-driving, relaxed and pleasant.

The famous Manchu Han Tomb is located in Lingshan, southwest of Mancheng County in the west of Baoding City 1.5km, covering an area of 144 hectares. Located on the east side of the main peak of Yuling Mountain at an altitude of 196m. It belongs to King Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 154- 1 13) and his wife Dou. 1968 in may, when the army was working in Lingshan, it happened to find a hole on the top of the mountain. After the gunfire, the stone fell down the hole, and everyone thought there was an article in it. After the report, it alarmed the central government. Zhou Enlai personally instructed Guo Moruo to direct the excavation work. Over 2000 years, the tombs of the Han Dynasty were successfully excavated, and the gold thread, jade clothes and long letter palace lanterns shocked the world.

I have to complain about the ticketing system in Mancheng Han Tomb Park. Admission tickets 10 yuan, Liu Sheng Tomb and Douwan Tomb need to be purchased separately. Now the joint ticket is discounted in 75 yuan, and you can also visit the newly-built Purdue Temple at the top of the mountain. What a new feeling! I can't help it In a few years, it is estimated to be 100 yuan.

I think some stone carvings of Shinto, such as stone statues and beasts, were moved from there later. According to common sense, if there are these objects at the foot of the mountain, smart people will know that there are ancient tombs, even imperial tombs. Besides, look at their hats, which are typical of the Song Dynasty. Maybe they are really old things.

Speaking of the style of these stone men and beasts, I judge it is the style of the Song Dynasty. The hat style alone is a typical helmet structure, but it lacks the slender wings at the back. I think: It is probably because this shape is not easy to carve and it is easy to break during storage, so it is made in the shape of stone carving.

Walking slowly up the steps of the park, the height of more than 200 meters above sea level is not that simple. Facing the scorching heat, there is no shade. After walking for a few minutes, you are sweating. Looking at the mountains in the distance, the golden Buddha faces north and south, bathed in the early morning sunshine and glittering with gold, and welcomes the worship of believers from all directions in the wilderness of the park.

After about 30 minutes, we arrived at the top of the mountain sweating profusely. When several cats saw us, they bent down obediently, kept a safe distance and begged for something. But we didn't bring food, let alone cat food. The poor cat looked at us eagerly and refused to leave for a long time. I can't forget the eyes of the patron saint of this temple and mausoleum.

When we reached the top platform, the first grave we saw was that of Dou Wan, the wife of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan. On the north side of Liu's tomb, the scale, boldness and neatness of excavation exceeded the level of the tomb. We can't wait to get in. The staff inside were all wearing military coats, and I took a gasp, about 20 degrees at most. There are some depressing feelings. With a whoosh, my neck got cold and shrank instantly. I am sweating and steaming, and the moment of returning the pearl seems to have disappeared.

After entering, it looks really big. According to the data, it is 49.7 meters long, 65 meters wide and 7.9 meters high. The volume is 3000 cubic meters. The outer door is between two brick walls, filled with molten iron, which is absolutely firm and tight. It is said that its warehouses, wing rooms and carriage houses are more luxurious than those in Liu Sheng.

It is said that this national treasure cultural relic found in the Han Tomb in Mancheng is a gold thread and jade garment that attracts worldwide attention. Liu Sheng and Dou Wan were both buried with gold thread and jade clothes. After the death of the imperial nobles in the Han Dynasty, jade clothes were divided into gold, silver and copper because of their different grades. "Jade clothes" are the mourning clothes of emperors and senior nobles in Han Dynasty. Jade clothes are made of jade pieces, which are woven with gold thread.

According to the Records of the Later Han Dynasty

According to the Book of Rites, the emperor's "jade clothes" were made of gold thread, while princes and princes began to use seals and aristocratic princesses used silver thread. Both dignitaries and royal princesses use copper wire. Liu Sheng is a vassal king. It was recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty that he could only use "silver thread jade clothes", but what was actually unearthed was "gold thread jade clothes". Ancient rulers used jade clothes as burial clothes, which lasted from the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, until Emperor Cao Pi of Wei Wen banned the use of jade clothes, saying that it was purely "foolish and vulgar"

Since then, this burial service system has been cancelled.

More than 4,000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed, representing the highest casting level of that era, and many of them can be called the best products of that era. Suzaku held her head high, rode a dragon, held a lamp in her mouth and spread her wings to fly. The lamp board is an annular groove, which is divided into three grids, and each grid has a candlestick. The lamp holder is a dragon, and the dragon's head is convex. Due to the large proportion of lead in production, the lamp body is extremely stable.

Bean-shaped copper lamp: a kind of thin-handled bean, first seen in the Warring States period, looks like a bronze ware and may have evolved from beans. According to the survey, bean lamp is the earliest lamp shape in China, and it is also the longest and most common lamp.

Household bronze lamp: a lamp made for the Hu people to kneel and hold, with the words "Household gold ingot" engraved on it, indicating that the figurines are symbols of Xiongnu officials (Xiongnu officials have left and right household names). Due to the special geographical position of Zhongshan during the Warring States period, the relationship with Xiongnu was tense. The unearthed lanterns can be said to reflect the ethnic contradictions at that time.

Bronze lanterns: mostly relics of the Han Dynasty, open, straight-walled, with a candle rod in the center, a three-legged flat bottom and a flat handle on the outer wall. It's basically in the shape of a lantern, but there is an extra tray under the lamp. A piece was unearthed from Tomb No.1 in Hebei. The lamp and the tray are engraved with words, which are called "Year _" and "Tray".

Copper lamp: The lamp is shaped like an ancient bronze tableware, that is, a cup with a straight cover. When the lid is turned over, it is a lamp tray with a candle rod in the middle. At present, a pair of cup lids have been unearthed from the No.1 Han Tomb in Hebei Province, which are _ _ _ _ _ _, belonging to the artifacts made by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Copper lamp: it is basically in the shape of a bean lamp with a tray under it. There is a candlestick in the center of the lamp plate, and the outside of the lamp plate is often dish-shaped, with a height of one or twenty centimeters. A lamp unearthed from the No.1 Tomb in Mancheng, Hebei Province, with the words _ _ _ _ engraved on the outer wall of the lamp. So far, Pandengdu has been found in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty.

Copper sheep statue lamp: The lamp is shaped like a lying sheep. Sheep hold their heads high, their horns are curly, their bodies are round and their tails are short. There is a movable button at the back of the sheep's neck and a small lifting button at the hip. When in use, the back of the sheep can be turned up and placed flat on the top of the sheep's head as a lamp plate. The lamp panel is oval with a small spout at one end, which is convenient for placing the lamp knob. Sheep's abdomen is hollow and can store lamp oil.

Another national treasure is the "Changxin Palace Lantern" unearthed from the tomb of Dou Wan, the wife of Zhongshan Wang Jing and Liu Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, which is 48 cm high. The image of the lamp is a young maid-in-waiting holding the lamp on her lap and covering it with gold. The maid-in-waiting wears a bun on her head, a headscarf, a long skirt and wide sleeves. Her face is dignified and delicate, her eyes are very focused, her head leans forward slightly, and her expression is respectful and cautious, showing the unique expression of young ladies in the lower class.

The maid-in-waiting holds the lamp tray in her left hand, her right arm is raised, and her cuffs droop into a lampshade. The lamp board can rotate to push the two arc screens on the lamp board to open and close, so as to adjust the brightness and irradiation direction of light. The maid-in-waiting is hollow, and the oil fume enters the body through her right arm to keep the room clean. All parts of the lamp can also be disassembled, which is beneficial to cleaning. This lamp is engraved with the inscription ***65 words, such as "Changxin is still bathing", hence the name "Changxin Palace Lamp". Changxin official lamp organically combines the practical function of the lamp, the scientific principle of air purification and the beautiful shape. The overall shape is natural and beautiful, elastic, light and gorgeous, and it is a practical and beautiful lamp treasure.

According to textual research of inscriptions, this lamp was cast in BC 172 (Wendi era). The original owner of the lamp is Yang Jie. Later, Liu Jie's son means "the country is guilty", and the lamp was charged into the "wife" (official name) of Shaofu, which belongs to Changxin Palace. Changxin Palace is the palace where Empress Dowager Cixi lives in the letter. Dou Taihou of Wendi is her grandmother, and Jingdi is the empress dowager, with great power. Later, Dou Taihou gave the lamp to a woman named Dou Wan, who was a member of her family. Dou Wan regarded the bronze lamp as a treasure and was buried with her after her death.

For a long time, Changxin Palace Lantern has been regarded as the pinnacle of China traditional arts and crafts and the charm of national art because of its unique shape, exquisite craftsmanship and ingenious artistic conception. She has exhibited abroad many times and has become an emissary of spreading Chinese civilization.

A large number of stoves, such as Cuojin Boshan furnace, Ding-shaped copper fuming furnace, fuming furnace with carrying cage, carving dragon Boshan furnace, riding beast Boshan furnace, etc. Among the porcelain unearthed from the Han tombs in Mancheng, Boshan Furnace, a national treasure, is the most exquisite. Its furnace body is bean-shaped, and the whole body is made of gold wire and gold nugget with both rigidity and softness, and spices are put into the fire. Cigarettes pass through many small holes in the furnace cover, roll up and spread indoors.

Boshan, a fairy mountain in ancient mythology, is inlaid with gold and silver. The upper part of the furnace plate and the furnace cover is cast with undulating and high mountains to symbolize the land and mountains. There are caves on the stove cover, wild animals haunt the mountains, tigers and leopards run, clever monkeys squat on the heights of mountain peaks or ride on the backs of wild animals, and hunters patrol the mountains.

A beautiful and vivid natural mountain scene emerges in the craftsmanship of craftsmen. The kitchen table is carved into three dragons to make room for the churning sea. The kitchen table is supported by the faucet, and the dragon pattern is decorated between the mountains and the sea on the kitchen table, which implies the concept of the times that dragons are the beasts connecting heaven, earth and people. Its exquisite craftsmanship is rare in the world.

In this dark and changeable light, we seem to have crossed just visiting for more than 2000 years. This is not a cave in the cemetery, but a temple of history and art, which isolates the paradise of sauna days. The feeling of 20 degrees is so cool that we are deeply moved by the amazing visit. I didn't expect this first photo to be in Dou Wan's tomb.

Liu Sheng is the son of Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the half-brother of Liu Che in the Han Dynasty, and the ancestor of Liu Bei in Shu. In the third year of BC (BC 154), Liu Sheng was made King of Zhongshan. After ruling Zhongshan for 42 years, he was in Ding Yuan for four years (former 1 13

Years) passed away. Zhongshan Kingdom is located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, with its capital in Lunu (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). After ten generations of governors, Liu Sheng was the first generation.

Liu Sheng's tomb is made of excavated rocks, with a total length of 5 1.7 meters, the widest point of 37.5 meters and the highest point of Wang Jing's tomb in the city of 6.8 meters.

M, with a volume of 2700 cubic meters. The top of the tomb is arched, and the walls of the tomb are curved, without the form of straight walls and right angles intersecting. This structure ensures that the Han tombs are well preserved so far. The layout of the tomb completely imitates the palace building on the ground, and consists of six parts: the entrance to the tomb, the passage, the south ear room (carriage room), the north ear room (warehouse), the middle room (front hall for banquets and music making) and the back room (coffin and bathroom).

It consists of three parts.

1In May, 968, a certain unit of the Engineering Corps of the Beijing Military Region of the People's Liberation Army quietly entered Mancheng County, Hebei Province, and they will carry out a secret national defense construction task on Lingshan. At 3 pm on May 23rd, when Electromechanical 12

The soldiers of this class are 30 meters away from the top of the mountain.

A strange phenomenon happened when rice was drilled in the East District-a lot of gravel did not collapse as usual this time. The soldiers decided to go and have a look. Unexpectedly, a soldier walking in front suddenly fell into a dark cave. The cave is dark and opaque, with an ominous smell and a very strange and strong smell, which makes people feel creepy for a time. After calming down, the soldier quickly climbed out to the place where the light was weak.

After that, the soldier and several other comrades returned to the cave. When they turned on the flashlight, they found a lot of messy rotten wood and many strange-looking ironware, pottery and bronzes scattered on the ground. The deeper you go, the bigger the space, and there are many old-fashioned household appliances on the ground. At this time, a veteran said, "We may have dug the ancient tomb!" " "

The soldiers took out several representative cultural relics, re-sealed the hole and reported the discovery to their superiors. Among the several cultural relics taken out here, one is engraved with the words "Zhongshan Neifu". This immediately aroused the extreme concern of provincial leaders and experts in the provincial cultural relics department. "Zhongshan" refers to the Sun Yat-sen Kingdom. There were two Sun Yat-sen States in the history of China, one in Xianyu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the other in the Western Han Dynasty. However, no matter which period, it shows that this ancient tomb has a history of at least 2000 years.

A few years.

Immediately, the relevant departments of Hebei Province secretly sent archaeological experts Zheng Shaozong and Sun Dehai and government workers Zhang Tianfu and Du Rongquan to the site for investigation, and sent an urgent telegram report to the relevant departments of the central government. Due to the "Cultural Revolution" period, these four people were stopped at almost every step on their way to the ancient tomb. When we arrived in this city, it was already evening. Against the backdrop of the boundless twilight, Mancheng Mountain is like a huge plush chair, on which the ancient tomb is located.

After entering the tomb cave, the experts were shocked involuntarily. The first thing they walked into was the south wing. It lasts for 30 years.

Rice, there are chariots, a king's ambulance, and a dozen horse bones buried with him, all equipped with shiny harnesses. After that, people walked into the north wing, and an old smell of wine came to their faces. There are hundreds of large jars, painted jars, stone mills, clay pots and other utensils on the ground, and there are many small stalactites on the surface of the clay pots.

1On June 27th, 968, an archaeological team consisting of the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Hebei Province and a certain unit of the Beijing Military Region Corps of Engineers entered Mancheng Mountain under strict confidentiality.

This time, in addition to the north and south wing rooms and the central hall, an unopened back room was found in the southwest of the central hall. It is speculated that this should be the place where the owner's coffin is placed. The back room is firmly sealed by a stone door, and the appearance is disguised as a dark blue stone wall, which is flawless. How to open this stone door has become a problem. After some investigation, archaeologists found a very small gap between the lintel on the Shimen and the cave, and concluded that this might be the passage into the secret room. Later, under the impact of hammer and steel drill, a small hole in the Yangtze River Delta was exposed at Shimen, which could only accommodate one person. Suddenly, a strong smell spewed out, and the team members hurriedly brought special gas masks for anti-chemical soldiers.

After the poison gas was exhausted, the archaeologists entered the secret room. It turned out that the inside and outside of the door were sealed with mud, and the middle was poured with molten iron with a thickness of dozens of centimeters, and it was also resisted by huge stones from the inside. Later, archaeologists stripped the soil inside and outside the stone gate and found a rectangular copper bolt with a shaft. After pressing the hidden latch, the stone door opened with a gentle push. Among them, archaeologists were surprised to find that this stone gate was actually made of a whole piece of white marble. The spotlight brought by the players has not been turned on, and bundles of golden light have been shot out of the room-this is an ancient tomb that has not been stolen.

In the back room, archaeologists found a bronze ware engraved with "the first year and thirty-four years of bronze in Zhongshan's inner government". Combined with other clues, it is inferred that the ancient tomb in Mancheng should be the tomb of Wen Sheng, the first generation king of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty. The layout of the tomb completely imitates the palace building on the ground, and consists of six parts: the entrance to the tomb, the passage, the south ear room (carriage room), the north ear room (warehouse), the middle room (front hall for banquets and music making) and the back room (coffin and bathroom).

It consists of three parts. Inferred from the excavation situation, the tunnel, south ear room, north ear room and middle room of Liu Sheng's tomb were all tile-roofed wooden houses built in caves, but they collapsed due to wood decay. The back room consists of three parts: a stone house made of slate in the cave, a main room and a side room. The main room symbolizes the inner bedroom, with a coffin bed paved with white marble and a coffin on it. The small side room on the south side of the main room symbolizes the bathroom, and the tomb has a complete drainage system.

The armor, jade clothes, beloved musical instruments and utensils of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan scenery, are simply beautiful. Imagine the luxury of emperors and generals more than 2000 years ago. The cultural relics in the Han tombs in Mancheng have also created many firsts in China: four gold needles, five silver needles, a "medicine basin", a small silver funnel, a copper medicine spoon, a dose and a copper scalpel, which constitute the best texture and the earliest age. The timer copper clepsydra is the earliest ancient astronomical artifact unearthed so far.

There is a wide circular corridor behind the grave. We looked around and found no mud end. After reading the introduction, it played a role in drainage and infiltration. If it rains, the mountain body will penetrate the rain along the rock, and the corridor behind it will play a certain role in drainage. Actually, when we went to the cave, there was still some dripping water. The drain in the back doesn't seem to play its due role. It is said that the body in the golden jade clothes has already rotted to ashes.

On my deathbed, the brand-new incense of Purdue Temple flourished at the top of the mountain. When the Buddha's light shone, I happened to take a walk. Flowers are in full bloom at the foot of the mountain, the forest is quiet and comfortable, but the weather is annoying and hot. We came to the temple to hide and relax, a clear water, lotus flowers in full bloom, and good men and women of Goldman Sachs studied. What a comfortable and leisurely place.