Analysis of novice photography skills

Guide: For a novice photographer, it still takes some effort to take good photos. Let's follow me to see what the novice photography skills are!

First, the advanced strategy for entry-level players, three strokes to get macro photography.

The first trick: use a range finder.

In fact, friends who use rangefinder know that after connecting rangefinder, the camera can zoom in on distant objects. Similarly, when taking macro shots, the focal length of the camera will not change in the near future when using the rangefinder, so the shot object can be larger than the original one. However, there is a limitation and two disadvantages in using this trick.

Restrictions:

That is to say, it can only be used on cameras with weak macro ability or the telephoto end of cameras. Because the macro ability of DC is too strong, the macro is often in the wide-angle section, and the distance often reaches 1 ~ 2 cm. You may not be able to focus after connecting the rangefinder. For SLR cameras, there is no need to care about this problem because the focusing distance is relatively large.

Disadvantages:

1. After the rangefinder is used, the aperture of the lens will become smaller. Although the aperture value displayed on the camera will not change, it is no problem to take pictures according to the result of photometry in the camera. But in fact, the real aperture value should be the displayed aperture value multiplied by the multiple of the rangefinder: for example, after a lens is connected with a 2-fold rangefinder, when the aperture is F2.8, the actual aperture value is 2.8×2=5.6. At this time, although you can still shoot according to the metering results, because the actual aperture becomes smaller and the focal length becomes longer, at this time, the shutter speed will slow down to the point where it is blurred due to slight shaking when holding, so it is best to use a tripod to ensure the clarity of the picture.

2, rangefinder is often not light, a bit heavy. Therefore, it is easy to be top-heavy when connected to a camera, and even if it is placed on a tripod, it cannot be absolutely stable. When you press the shutter, the vibration will also cause the shooting to fail. It is best to take a selfie or shoot with a wired release. Minimize vibration.

The second trick: use close-ups.

Close-ups are actually convex lenses. There are groups of three, and there are also single pieces. There are several specifications such as+1, +2, +3 and +4. The larger the value, the greater the magnification. It can be used in one piece or in multiple pieces, which is very flexible.

Advantages: Low investment, generally 200 ~ 300 yuan, you can buy a set of three tablets. Flexible and flexible, the lens does not take up so much volume as a rangefinder after all. Several pieces can be combined at will, with high flexibility. When using close-ups, the aperture will not be as narrow as when using rangefinder, so it can be used more boldly than rangefinder. The last lens of some wide-angle additional lenses can be detached and used as a close-up lens, so people who have wide-angle lenses and are sure to buy them should pay attention. Does what you bought have such a useful function?

Disadvantages: This method will reduce the imaging quality to some extent, because the close-up lens changes the optical structure of the lens. But there is a solution. First of all, if you want to install a filter, you must buy an adapter ring. Generally, there are two options for the adapter ring: large caliber and small caliber. At this time, we still use a larger caliber. If it is a DC or SLR with a filter line in front of the lens, it is best to buy a larger adapter ring and use a larger close-up lens. The filter with large aperture can make DC use the central part of the filter to image, avoiding the parts with poor imaging quality in corners and getting better imaging. Secondly, when using close-ups, it is best to use the telephoto end of the camera, which also makes full use of the imaging in the middle part. Thirdly, the imaging quality can be further improved by appropriately shrinking the aperture, which is small and has few lens edges. Combined with several measures, the degradation of imaging quality will not be too obvious.

Second, new buyers must pay attention to four points if they want to take good photos.

Please read the product manual carefully.

When it comes to the product manual, it should be the first thing we often see in the process of disassembling, but it is ignored by most users. As we all know, for ordinary family users and some beginners in photography, product manuals are the best first teachers. When we take the camera we just bought home, unpack it, and check that it is correct, we seem to have spent a lot of time on the surface by carefully reading the product manual or the quick manual that comes with some products, but we are familiar with the function settings and common control methods of each part of the camera in the shortest time. At the same time, some misoperation can be avoided. I believe that even consumers who have used it for a period of time can find something after reading the instructions carefully and solve the problems they were troubled before.

Don't be superstitious about automatic mode

For digital cameras, the parameter settings that can affect the imaging effect generally include sensitivity, exposure and white balance. Automatic mode is the most commonly used mode for beginners. In this mode, the above three parameters are controlled by the camera itself and cannot be changed artificially. However, in some complicated lighting conditions indoors or at night, automatic mode can't help us to take satisfactory photos. At this time, it needs to be solved by some simple manual operations. For example, in some environments with large light, the automatic exposure of the camera may not be accurate enough, so we can make appropriate exposure compensation adjustment in the automatic exposure mode of P-file program to achieve the ideal value. In addition, when shooting at night, if automatic ISO is used, the camera often uses the highest sensitivity to ensure the shutter speed, which brings serious noise. In fact, we can appropriately increase the sensitivity and turn on the built-in flash according to the light conditions at that time.

Third, beginners are prone to make mistakes.

Regardless of priority

You can often see people taking pictures in the park. The photographer is far away from the subject, and the camera used does not have a zoom lens. We can conclude that this will not be a successful photo shoot. Because the photographer can't figure out what he wants to show, is it people or scenery? In terms of composition arrangement and theme conception, photos can only have one theme, and other contents should be theme-centered, which can serve as a foil and better highlight and express the theme connotation. As far as outdoor scenery photos are concerned, there are generally the following two situations:

(1) People-centered. Most photography falls into this category. We travel to scenic spots or take a walk in the park. Taking pictures, taking pictures is mainly a good memory in the future. We can choose representative buildings, flowers, grasslands, lakes and other backgrounds to set off the protagonist. People should occupy the main position in the picture and become the visual center. If we can further vividly reproduce the inner temperament of the characters through expressions, movements and other contents, it will definitely make it worth collecting forever!

(2) Take the scenery as the center and the characters as the decoration. It is often used to express special scenery. For example, shoot a big Buddha statue, and compare the size of the Buddha statue with a small proportion of people in the picture to show the great achievements of ancient civilization; Another example is the Prince's Bay Public Garden in Hangzhou. During the lawn maintenance in spring, a large area of green grass was enclosed and extended to the dark green hills in the distance. In addition, the bubbles blown by children drifted with the wind, forming a wonderful artificial natural landscape. In composition, green is the main body, and people decorate its vitality to show the beauty of the paradise on earth. Yin-yang face and big black face "Yin-yang face" means that the portrait face is illuminated with 90-degree side light, half black and half white. This shooting method often shows a strong dramatic effect and is not suitable for life photography. Big black face refers to the consequences of underexposure of backlit portraits. If you shoot the back or side of the character, you can achieve the effect of silhouette. When shooting a frontal portrait, it is best to fill the light appropriately, such as using tools such as flash or reflector to fill the light. Beginners often do not pay attention to the role of light in the overall composition, or always habitually use a certain kind of light, so it is difficult to improve. Understand the basic knowledge of light first, then practice it, and dare to break through, so as to surpass yourself. Due to the graphic modeling characteristics of photos, it is easy to inadvertently "graft" distant branches, telephone poles, etc. to the main characters, as if they grew from the head, making the original beautiful photos fly in the ointment. In fact, as long as you pay a little attention to changing the angle when shooting, you can avoid it.

Fourth, how to grasp the photographic sensitivity of beginners?

Set sensitivity

ISO sensitivity is an indicator of light sensitivity. The higher the sensitivity, the more sensitive to light. Generally speaking, the higher the sensitivity, the better the effect when shooting moving objects or low light. However, at high sensitivity, there are more noise signals in the image, and the definition is also reduced. On the contrary, at low sensitivity, the image noise signal is reduced and the image quality is better, but it is not suitable for shooting moving objects or low light environment.

Many players often encounter the following situations: shooting in places where flash is forbidden, such as exhibition halls, we have to use flash, and the result is blurred photos. If the flash is used, the subject will reflect light and affect the picture. The same thing can happen indoors or in dark places.

An easy way to take good photos without using flash is to adjust ISO. Of course, if the ISO setting is improved, the graininess of photos will be more serious, which requires users to master flexibly according to the situation at that time. As we are familiar with traditional cameras, ISO sensitivity indicates the sensitivity of film to light, which is equivalent to100,200,400. The greater the sensitivity value, the more suitable it is to be used in dimly lit places, but it will lose the vividness and naturalness of colors.

By the way, when tone and image reproduction are strict, it is best to use low-sensitivity films with ISO sensitivities of 25 and 64. In order to meet the needs of various occasions, films with ISO sensitivity of 400 are often used, and even films with ISO sensitivity of 800 and 1600 suitable for taking pictures in the dark (disposable cameras) are used.

Although the digital camera does not use film, it is equipped with similar functions and can change its ISO sensitivity (some models cannot change the ISO sensitivity setting, please confirm it in the manual of the digital camera). In this way, when using, when you want to make the shooting effect better, set the ISO to 100, and set the ISO to 400 when the light is insufficient.

Here we want to prevent hand shaking in dark places, so we set ISO to 400. We can set ISO according to the following steps. First, bring up the menu screen and select ISO sensitivity. Then select the highest value of 400 from the ISO sensitivity. After the ISO sensitivity is doubled, the shutter speed can be doubled to make basically the same exposure (the lens aperture is unchanged).

Five, to a friend who is a novice photographer!

Friends who are ready to play photography and don't buy cameras have a look below! )

1. Don't think about what you shoot mainly and what you won't shoot secondly before you come into contact with photography. It's a waste of time to think about it, let alone make a decision about what equipment to buy. 100% people don't ask themselves which street they will go to, which alley they will go to several times in their lives, and how many times they will run red lights. The road of photography is unknown, and there is no need to rely on interest to explore and advance.

2. Don't be superstitious. If you want to shoot a subject well, you must equip yourself with some equipment. For example, if you want to take portraits at 85/ 1.4, scenery at 16-35/2.8L, and insects at 100/2.8macro, you will become a black sheep. You can also take portraits from a wide angle and scenery from a telephoto.

The camera is used to create visual enjoyment, not to smash walnuts and fight back in self-defense when encountering gangsters. It is pragmatic to choose a thin and practical camera as far as possible. Of course, the appearance should be beautiful, at least it should complement your appearance.

It's best not to buy the so-called lens of traveling around the world in one mirror, because you are unlikely to travel around the world. If you can travel around the world, you can't shoot anything with a lens like 24-300. Why? Just ask a friend who bought this kind of lens. They may be depressed.

If you don't have any foundation and are not interested in learning the basic knowledge of camera, you might as well choose a digital pocket machine first, which should be able to adjust the aperture manually. Don't buy a stupid machine or a movie starter. Because once you find yourself really more and more inspired, you will spend a lot of money to buy a better camera, which is the law. It's out of date to start with film now.

6. Good-looking photos on the Internet, including excellent photos in the forum, especially digital works, are almost all carefully produced in the later stage, which is also an indispensable part of photography. So, if you are interested in asking DX in the forum, you should sincerely explore the PS solution from them, instead of interviewing them where the inspiration came from when they pressed the shutter-I mean, inspiration is hard to learn.

7. Participating in various shooting activities can certainly improve the level quickly, but it can't further improve the level. Photography is a lonely art, whether it's portrait or landscape, there may be a unique style of work to satisfy your independent thinking. Therefore, in my opinion, if you want to make more friends, you should take part in more activities. If you want to improve your photography skills, try to practice alone and learn your own. It was fun.

8. Since you play photography, you don't have to follow too many dogmas. You can immerse yourself in self-satisfaction first, and then slowly accept other people's opinions and suggestions. After all, photography is a subjective art, of course, getting more people's recognition is an addictive enjoyment. I mean, you don't have to take other people's comments too seriously. No one knows your own photography pursuit better than yourself.

9, portraits, don't start with beautiful guys, it will give you an inertia. Real beautiful women and handsome men look good no matter how they shoot. It is suggested to start with the ugly. Shooting such a model has little psychological pressure, and generally it is not demanding how well you shoot. They generally know that they are not very photogenic, and once they shoot well, they will have a sense of accomplishment!

10, for beginners, don't flatter DX. It's no use trying to teach you a few tricks in exchange for DX's favor. The correct way is to clap bricks reasonably and ask questions with questions. DX people often try their best to clarify his creative thinking, so as to improve faster.

Sixth, the basic knowledge of composition that novices should learn!

Composition should pay attention to echo and symmetry, which is the traditional aesthetic standard of China. Based on this, the composition of photographic works should also pay attention to the following aspects:

1, horizontal position, so that the taken image will not be skewed. You can use buildings, telephone poles and other objects parallel or vertical to the ground as reference objects, and try to keep the picture balanced when taking pictures.

2, good color balance, the picture should have a strong sense of hierarchy, to ensure that the main body can stand out from all backgrounds. Such as complementary colors, the so-called red flowers and green leaves are in line with this truth. With the same color balance, people wearing black clothes generally don't arrange to shoot on a dark background.

3. Foreground can balance the picture. Sometimes, when we find that the vacancy on the picture is unbalanced, such as when the sky in Wan Li is cloudless and monotonous, we put drooping branches and leaves on it to make up for the lack of the picture; Sometimes the bottom of the picture can't be pressed. When the top is heavy and the bottom is light, you can use rocks and railings as the foreground, and the dark color makes the picture feel depressed, achieving a stable and balanced effect. The foreground adopts the expression of virtual focus, which gives people a feeling of hazy beauty.

In real life, all stable objects have a balanced form: the four legs of the table are stable; Building a house with a small bottom and a big top gives people a feeling of instability; Carrying a heavy burden makes it inconvenient to walk; Obviously, people's posture in labor is to achieve physical balance to adapt to the characteristics of this kind of labor. Many life phenomena cultivate people's psychology of demanding balance and play a role in people's aesthetic process. Generally speaking, the picture should be balanced and stable, which makes people feel stable, harmonious and complete. Using people's psychological factors for balance, we can emphasize the expressive force of the picture from several aspects:

A, symmetrical composition, symmetry has always been emphasized by our nation, and it has always been a palace. The capitals are all symmetrically arranged. It emphasizes a solemn atmosphere, and a simple and solemn relationship is displayed in a "stable" symmetrical balance.

B, the virtual and the real echo the layout, just like Jiangnan gardens. In some lyrical landscape pictures that emphasize elegance, quietness and softness, it is required that there can be sparse and dense, virtual and real in the changing balance picture, but overall balance is required. In an idyllic scene, such as a cow in the lower left corner, there should be a cloud in the sky in the upper right corner.

Seven, the real panorama How to take panoramic photos with a digital camera?

Before the emergence of digital imaging technology, there were two ways for people to get panoramic photos: using special panorama camera rotation shooting or professional darkroom division to hand-splicing, which were difficult for ordinary photographers. The "panorama" boasted by APS camera only uses the large angle of view of super wide-angle lens. Strictly speaking, it is more appropriate to call it "overlay photo". The popularity of digital cameras and digital image processing technology makes panoramic photography easy. Anyone who has a digital camera and a computer that can run image processing software can try to take panoramic photos with amazing angles.

Shooting point

There are certain requirements for panoramic photo stitching, such as similar exposure value, similar tone, sequential arrangement, and slight overlap with each other. There are some precautions when shooting.

1, choice of focal length

Some people think that when taking panoramic photos, the viewing angle should be as large as possible, so the shortest focal length (wide-angle lens or wide-angle end of zoom lens) should be used, so the number of photos spliced is less. In fact, this is a misunderstanding, and it is more troublesome when shooting and splicing. Because the wide-angle lens has a strong perspective effect, especially at the edge of the picture, it is easy to distort and it is difficult to achieve seamless stitching. Therefore, it is necessary to use the medium focus or telephoto end with small deformation when shooting, and it is not appropriate to change the focal length in the middle of shooting.

2. Exposure parameters

At present, many digital cameras have special panoramic modes. In this mode, the camera will automatically set the exposure parameters according to the requirements of taking panoramic photos. For cameras without panoramic function, the following points should be noted: a. Use average metering when metering, lock exposure parameters by manual exposure or AE lock during exposure, and do not change settings such as aperture, speed, ISO and resolution when shooting the same group of panoramic photos; B, use fixed white balance, using automatic white balance may cause different tones of photos.

3. Shooting method

When shooting in a certain order (from left to right or from top to bottom, etc. ), it is best to use a tripod to rotate smoothly. Pay attention to the vertical axis when shooting in rotation. When shooting left and right or panning point by point, pay attention to the same camera height and angle. Generally, do not use flash, which will cause low light and far darkness. There must be an overlap between two adjacent photos when shooting. Some digital cameras of Canon, Casio and other brands have auxiliary prompts on LCD screens in panoramic mode. Avoid shooting when the light conditions change dramatically (such as clouds covering the sun), so as to avoid too much difference in screen exposure. When shooting, you should also pay attention to avoiding moving objects (such as vehicles and pedestrians) at the joints. Although choosing a clearly marked position as the splicing point is conducive to the identification and splicing of some automation software, we still suggest choosing a position that is not clearly marked and easy to mix as the splicing part, such as water surface, distant mountains, etc., so that it is not easy to see the seams when splicing.

Eight, so that the stupid move of digital photography must be stupid.

Nowadays, digital cameras are becoming more and more powerful, and some functions are not even available in professional optical cameras, such as white balance adjustment, enclosed photography, scene mode photography, multi-point area evaluation photometry, multi-point focusing and offset focusing. And the automatic exposure function is becoming more and more powerful and perfect. It seems natural to take good photos with a digital camera, but it is not that easy in fact.

If you want to take more good photos, especially in harsh environmental conditions, it depends on your familiarity and deep understanding of your own photographic equipment, which requires a little basic knowledge of photography and aesthetic cultivation, and more importantly, long-term experience accumulation, so it is not easy to get. I'm still a novice in digital photography. I don't have much experience, but I have encountered many nails. I often get different photos and the results are satisfactory. I can also sum up something after careful memory and experience. The following "stupid tricks" may have certain reference value for filmmakers who are still exploring their experience. These stupid tricks are:

Multi-lens selection

More shooting means more practice and more experience from a macro perspective. Specifically, we might as well try more shots to win more, choose the best from many, or carefully re-shoot a scene after exploring the best scheme. This is a stupid trick, but it is really a trick to give full play to the advantages of digital cameras. Optical photographers have no laws. You see, optical cameras shoot with film, so you can't know whether you are satisfied or not on the spot. We won't know until we develop it. Winning with more is bound to waste a lot of film and the cost is too high. So optical photographers often cherish the "mirror" and don't press the shutter easily. When they grab the camera carefully and take the next photo, they have to go back and develop it before they know the result. If they are not satisfied, it will be difficult. It's too late to make amends now. Therefore, old friends often lament that optical photography is an art full of regrets.

Digital photography is different. The image is now stored on the magnetic carrier of the machine, and can now be played back and observed. If you are not satisfied, get rid of them and start over. This is a great advantage of digital photography. So now I usually set a topic first and select several scenes around the topic. First, each scene revolves around it several times, and the shooting scheme under different angles and different lighting conditions (backlight, shun-light, photometry, fill-light, etc.) is drawn up. ), and then I did not hesitate to shoot. Sometimes I shoot the same project from the same angle several times and then stop to play it back. Unsatisfied scenes are deleted on the spot, often ten to seven or eight. Then shoot a scene and brew it until a special topic is completed. Generally speaking, two or three hundred or even four or five hundred shots were taken, leaving only seventy or eighty figures. After you come back, save it on the hard disk, then use ACDSee to enlarge and play it back, and delete a part. Then use the editing function of ACDSee to play back and do preliminary image processing. Generally, one is to correct the skew, the other is to cut it when necessary to improve the composition, and the third is to correct and make up for the lack of exposure of individual photos with the function of "automatic leveling". After this process, the photo can be considered as a preliminary finished product, and then it can be taken back to ACDSee for amplification and playback. If it is too mediocre, you can delete it again, so that there are only twenty or thirty or even a dozen photos left in each topic.

Nine, teach you digital photography skills

4 tips for taking good photos

Many times, when we have a camera with good performance, we can't take satisfactory photos. The reason is that the printed effect is not the same as that seen when shooting, especially in terms of pigments.

John Yixi, a former AFP photographer, has published his works in major newspapers in China. Among them, in last year's South Asian tsunami incident, he took amazing photos of the disaster scene in Phuket, Thailand, and let the world see Phuket, which was hit hard by the tsunami. Besides, he was the only professional photographer on the island at the time of the incident.

Cosgrove, a well-known photographer, pointed out that in order to take good photos, digital camera users only need to know the following four elements to control digital cameras: white balance, color space, how to maintain digital cameras and control shooting speed.

1. New machine reset

He reminded users who just bought digital cameras not to let them keep automatic settings when they leave the factory. These automatic settings include: white balance, ISO speed and contrast. Adjusting these settings to initialization settings will help improve the visibility of photos.

2. Make good use of white balance.

He also suggested that photographers should try shooting in different white balance modes. In particular, shooting some pictures with characters inside can create a different feeling. For example, using sunlight or candlelight mode, the characters in the picture are brought out of the breath of life through photos, making the photos look vivid.

3. Understand the camera color gamut.

Digital cameras process photos through digital chips and analyze the colors in the photos. Mastering the color gamut is an important part of these color assignments, so that digital cameras can identify different colors. He also pointed out that in the color gamut, there are red, blue and cyan respectively, instead of the traditional red, blue and cyan.

He pointed out that general digital cameras use sRGB color gamut, which is often close to the natural color gamut of the real world. Now there is an Adobe RGB color gamut with a wider color gamut, which can make photos look brighter.

Users must understand this to avoid any difference between the photos taken and the results developed.

4. Fully maintain the camera

For a battery-driven camera, if it is not started for a long time, it is best to take out the battery to avoid affecting the camera body. In addition, every time the photos in the memory card are downloaded to the computer for storage or modification, the photos will be stored or burned on the CD. Do not use the memory card for long-term storage to avoid losing it.

At the same time, after each photo download, format the memory card with the camera to make good use of the space in each memory card. When not in use, please store it in a clean and dry place to prolong the service life of electronic instruments.

Ten, fool's trick, the secret of amateur digital camera shooting

Secret 1: Although the composition of a photo is not a great photographer, it is not difficult to take a good photo as long as you pay a little attention to some details. (1) When taking a portrait, if the face is sideways, please leave more space for him to look at the direction (if you look at the right side of the picture, please put the person on the left side of the picture); (2) Take a picture of a person. If it is purely a portrait, please try to make a straight composition; (3) Don't stand in the center of the picture; (4) When taking photos of travel and life, don't just take one, two or three photos. Look around in the viewing window first to see if others are in disorder. You can wait for ten seconds to make the picture fresher, or you can move your feet and take pictures from another angle; (5) Take photos of the sea or water level and try to keep the water level; (6) Important subjects or backgrounds should not be cut in half at the edge. (These are not difficult to do. ) secret 2, take more pictures of good scenery. Look at your life photos, some eyes have just closed, and some heads have not turned around ... Don't be afraid to waste negatives and take more photos! Especially for landscape photos, try different compositions, take a full-angle shot, and try to be straight and horizontal. The photos taken horizontally are broad and steady, while the photos taken directly are more imposing and deep.

Tip 3: Focus. Some people's photos are not in the center, are they focused on the back? Practice more when the negative is not loaded. Half-press the shutter to focus on the center (you can hear the sound of the lens turning). Don't let go, recompose the composition (properly place the characters and background scenery) and press the shutter.

Tip 4: Turn off the flash and shoot the scenery. As mentioned above, the aperture of zoom camera is small, which often causes the flash to flash in automatic mode. Please know how to turn off the flash (forcibly prohibit the flash). At this time, the camera will use a slow shutter to expose, so be sure to hold your body steady, take a breath first and then hold your breath, and press the shutter slowly and easily to avoid vibration.

Tip 5: Buy a tripod. The tripod (or desktop tripod) on the market is about four or five hundred yuan, but it is very useful. You can take a selfie of Dont Ask For Help and shoot the night scene with a slow shutter (with the activation of the selfie timer, it won't shake the picture), and it won't increase your burden (the weight is only one or two hundred grams).

Tip 6: Sometimes it is necessary to cancel the date printing. It is convenient to take pictures of life with dates, but it is not good to take pictures of pure scenery with enlarged dates. Make sure again that you will cancel the date setting! .

Tip 7: Read more and study more. The last and most important way to take good photos is to read more other people's works, participate in discussions and send your photos to people who understand.

1 1. What kind of lens should people choose for photography?

Although various lenses of the camera can be used for people's photography, strictly speaking, the lenses of people's photography should have the following selectivity:

1. The imaging quality of the lens photographed by the imager should not only be clear, but also have a certain soft light effect. Because people's photography generally focuses on the face, the quality of lens imaging should meet the requirements of rich layers, real texture, exposed details and moist skin.

2, the focal length is generally equipped with a standard lens on the camera, that is, the focal length is similar to the diagonal length of the negative frame. This kind of lens is only suitable for people who shoot the whole body or bust. If it is used to shoot busts or close-up portraits, it will often cause perspective deformation of the characters, and if the shooting distance of some lenses is close to the specified recent shooting distance, it will not be able to bring them into clear focus. Therefore, if you want to take an avatar or close-up figure, you need to use a medium-focus or telephoto lens, and its focal length generally needs to be more than 1-2 times that of the standard lens. Take 135 camera as an example, the focal length of the lens needs to be above 105 meter, so that the distance between the camera and the person can be above10.5 meter, which can make the focus clear. If you take a small group photo indoors, you need to use a short focal length lens (that is, a wide-angle lens) when you encounter insufficient return difference, but it is prone to the defects of people who are near big and far small and slightly deformed on both sides.