A Russian woman

China and Russia have the longest land border in the world, and Russia is China's largest neighbor, so China people pay special attention to the attitude of Russians towards themselves.

In 1950s, Sino-Russian relations were excellent, and they regarded each other as "comrades and brothers", which was really "friendship of a pair of trousers" and "brothers who became sworn brothers". Historians call this period the "honeymoon period" between China and Russia. However, the good times did not last long, and the relationship between the two countries gradually cooled down because of their vital interests. By 1969, the two sides were at war, and the blood of the soldiers of the two countries stained the white snow on the Wusuli River. At this time, China and the Russians regarded each other as sworn enemies. The deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations kept Americans and Japanese awake at night.

Since Gorbachev came to power in the 1980s, relations between the two countries have thawed and gradually warmed up. In the 1990s, the border trade between the two countries set off an upsurge, and people from the two countries who had never been in contact with each other flocked to each other's countries. Once barren border towns Suifenhe, Heihe and Manzhouli have become prosperous trading ports. Cross-border marriage has also appeared, and the love between young people in the two countries has crystallized into a lovely hybrid. As a milestone in the development of bilateral relations, the two countries established a "strategic partnership" in the 1990s.

Many Russians are very concerned about this question: After the thaw of Sino-Soviet relations, especially in the new century, what is the image of China people in the eyes of Russians? In autumn of 2002, Mr. Qu Wei, president of Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, obtained a Russian "opinion poll" material when he met with the Russian side. This material can answer the above questions. However, we in China feel very sorry for the results of the "opinion poll".

The poll was conducted by the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Investigators conducted random opinion polls in four important cities in Russia's Far East-Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk and Darien Leshchensk. The number of people surveyed is 66 1, of which the number of men and women is basically the same, and most of them are well educated.

"What's your attitude towards Russians, Koreans and Caucasians staying in China?"

On this issue, 72% of people "unconditionally agree that Russians who are temporarily engaged in trade, construction and agricultural production will stay in China"; 2 1% people said, "We don't approve of Russians staying in China, and we can manage without them."

It can be seen that Russians don't welcome people from China.

"How do you understand the existence of China people in the Russian Far East?"

38% people think: "This is a clear manifestation of the Russian Federation's territorial policy towards China"; 30% people think: "This is a personal initiative of China people to find jobs and money"; 19% people think: "For the China authorities, this is a problem to solve the problem of overpopulation"; 10% people think: "This is the result of China's active business."

It can be seen that Russians are very wary of China people, for fear that China people will make a claim for the 6,543,800+5,000 square kilometers of land cut by tsarist Russia. The author recalls the words of a Russian computer expert who visited Harbin in the winter of 1999. When talking about China's recovery of Hongkong, and will continue to recover Macau and Taiwan Province Province, he said: "When Taiwan Province Province is recovered, it will be our turn in the Far East." Laughter and laughter revealed the true mentality of Russians towards China's recovery of Hong Kong and Taiwan provinces. Americans and Japanese do everything possible to prevent Taiwan Province Province from returning to the motherland in order to contain and weaken China. Russians also hope that Taiwan Province Province will continue to be separated from the mainland, and the fishermen will benefit. The great cause of the reunification of the Chinese nation is difficult!

In the eyes of Russians, China people have no other advantages except hard work (in the eyes of Russians, "smart and capable" and "cunning" are often mixed; Like saving is not a good quality.

Although the result of the opinion poll is regrettable, we need not worry because it does not reflect the objective situation of the people of China. We in China should think deeply about this result and understand the true attitude of Russian neighbors towards us, so as to serve as a reference for us to formulate our policy towards Russia and a basis for dealing with Russians.

There are several reasons why China people have a bad image in the hearts of Russians:

1. This is the result of the long-term anti-China propaganda of the Soviet Union after the 1960s, as well as the malicious propaganda of Russian chauvinists, nationalists and racists, which demonized the image of China people.

The Soviet Union has carried out anti-China propaganda for a long time, and its consequences can never be eliminated in a short time. About this situation, our publication has disclosed a lot, and this article is limited to space, so I won't repeat it. Here only talk about Russian nationalism, chauvinism and racism.

A considerable number of Russians have strong chauvinism in Greater Russia. They have always been hostile and greedy to China, a populous eastern country. During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, China's national strength was weak, and Russia (including the Soviet Union) mercilessly slaughtered China. Since the reform and opening up, China has developed rapidly and made great achievements, and Russia is also full of strong jealousy. Russians are particularly afraid of China's strength. In their view, a weak China who obeys it is the best China. In particular, it should be pointed out that the Russian Far East (a large territory east of the Wusuli River and north of Heilongjiang) was cut from China in the19th century and was stolen. Russians are always worried that China will take this place back sooner or later. I have a ghost in my heart, which will be manifested in my attitude towards China people. Therefore, when the Chinese appear on the land of the Russian Far East for business or official business, the Russians cast suspicious and hostile eyes on them, regard them as aggressors, fabricate lies about China people at will, and incite hostility towards China people.

In the 1990s, when more and more Russians went to China to do business, travel and study, Russian newspapers and periodicals maliciously exaggerated the number of China people in the Russian Far East and spread such remarks: "China people secretly immigrated to the Far East illegally in order to legally annex the Far East one day"; "The expansion of China people is threatening the Far East"; China people are infiltrating into the coastal border areas through legal and illegal means and staying there. The so-called "Binhai Border Region" refers to the land east of Wusuli River and south of Heilongjiang, with Vladivostok as the political center.

/kloc-in the 9th century, European and American colonialists ravaged China, but also invented the "yellow peril theory", saying that China people would attack the Christian world, just like Genghis Khan's Mongolian army's western expedition. At the end of the 20th century, some Russian propagandists re-branded the "Yellow Disaster Theory". On September 8, 2000, Youth Pravda published a sensational article-"Yellow Plague Comes to Our Home". With hatred for China people, the author spreads all kinds of fallacies: "Like other countries, no one has the exact number of China people in coastal border areas", "The most conservative estimate is that155,000 China people will enter the Far East this year, of which 10% to 15% will not go back"; "China people are in Asia, and the whole world is called Jews"; China "immigrants mainly went to Southeast Asia, accounting for 1% to 35% of the population of each country, while the controlled economic share reached 35% to 90%"; "Some Russians gnashed their teeth and said,' China is an abomination'. They can meet crowds of China people everywhere. These China people are full of Vladivostok's commercial centers, aquatic products markets, restaurants, horse farms and hotels. They do everything from selling gold and silver jewelry to seafood. Get rid of China's small eyes! The Russians made a hullabaloo about because they were driven out of Vladivostok's shop by security guards. There is a sign that says "No entry for non-China people". At least half of the 12 China hotels in Vladivostok cater only to China people. ". The author shamelessly fabricated a rumor: "China people brought in daily necessities, opium, ephedrine and counterfeit money, and took away wood, non-ferrous metals and gold. "

What is the truth of the matter? Even some Russian officials feel that the Russian media are talking nonsense. In July 2000, a reporter from the Russian newspaper Izvestia visited Sergei Puska Lev, director of the Immigration Bureau of Primorsky Krai. He said, "… It should be said that the number of China people living in Primorsky Krai has been greatly exaggerated by the media".

Mr. Zhang Zonghai, director of the Institute of History of Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, has been studying the topic of "Russians in" for a long time. In his book Sino-Russian Far East Relations at the Turn of the Century, he wrote: "1From May to June, 1993, the author witnessed a shooting incident in a Hong Kong-Russia joint venture store opened by someone in Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province; The office rented by a company in Mudanjiang in this apartment was robbed and the translator was killed. On the way back from Gorojekovo Station in Nicky, Bogra, several temporary' security guards' recruited by China, with the connivance of customs and border inspection, openly extorted 50 dollars or 400 yuan RMB from every Russian crossing the border, and only after paying the money could they pass the customs. Most people in China, unwilling to be blackmailed, watched the train from China leave almost empty, and the angered China people almost made trouble. In recent years, Vladivostok has often disclosed the news that China people have been cheated, robbed and disappeared in coastal border areas. According to the statistics of eight robberies, China citizens were robbed of property worth 4-5 million RMB in coastal border areas, causing nearly 20 casualties. 10 in 1992, China transported back Russian corpses 1 0 from Suifenhe port, of which 6 were killed, 3 died in traffic accidents, and10 died. 1993, the bodies of four China people were returned. As for the long-term debts owed by Russia in trade activities, it is not surprising that China has suffered. 1993 Harbin lifa company's goods worth 60 million yuan were defrauded by a Russian company. When the company appealed, the Russian authorities not only passed the buck, but also sheltered the swindlers in many ways. It is rumored that the Russian consulate in Shenyang has an unwritten rule: anyone who goes to Russia to collect debts will not be granted a visa. In this way, after the Chinese people suffered huge losses, even the way to collect debts was blocked.

1998 to 1999, the "yellow peril theory" is rampant. The Association of Russian Expatriates in Khabarovsk conducted a survey of 2 13 Russian residents and asked, "How do you evaluate Russia-China relations and their future? "On this issue, 34.7% of the respondents answered: China is a Russian threat. Obviously, this percentage is the result of malicious propaganda and demonization of China by Russian media. Fortunately, in such a bad social atmosphere, 18.8% people still think that China is a reliable partner, 16.4% people think that China is neither a friend nor an enemy, and 9.4% people think that China is a Russian ally.

Second, a considerable number of people in China have not received a good education and are vulgar, which has tarnished the image of China people.

According to his own investigation, Mr. Zhang Zonghai pointed out: Russians have a bad impression of China, and China's own quality is also low. Some China workers come from the mainland of China. They are uneducated, disheveled and unshaven. No matter what the occasion, they always have a cigarette in their mouth. They also spit in train carriages and cinemas. These people are doing dirty work in Russia that Russians don't want to do and look down upon. The shed where I live is dirty and messy. It looks disgusting. The lounge of a cinema in Nick, Bogran was originally carpeted, and it was because China workers spit there that they had to be evacuated.

What's more, there are criminals and underworld gangs. After they came to Russia, they were even more unscrupulous than when they were in their motherland. They went into the virgin forest to steal ginseng to hunt; Blackmailing citizens of China; Making documents for those who cross the border illegally; Illegally transporting Russian citizens to a third country through China. 1In August, 992, a murder case occurred in Ussurisk. A young businesswoman named Qin Yan was brutally killed by her compatriots for making money. All these have greatly damaged the image of China people. After malicious speculation by Russian media, China people have become despicable and dirty people. At first, some Russians who had no ill feelings towards China began to despise China people.

Mr. Zhang Zonghai said that China's ill-bred behavior proved that Russian nationalists and racists hated the people of China. For example, Mr. Galieno, a famous Russian scholar, claimed that Chinese and Russian citizens who entered the other country in the early 1990s were far from being good representatives of these two nationalities. This is "a gathering of Russian hooligans and China hooligans, that is, two hooligans". He said that China and Russia have always had a "lower" class. In the early 1990s, China's "lower class" came to Russia. As a result, "the two' extremely poor'-Russian and China-met". He exaggeratedly said: "At the beginning of 1993, there were more than/kloc-0,000,000 China citizens in the Russian Federation, and the number in Moscow alone reached/kloc-0,000,000. Some of these people's external behaviors are common in China and Russia, but they are unacceptable to Russians, and always cause their inexplicable disgust, such as being impolite, rude, talking loudly, not obeying Russian customs and norms of daily life, and so on.

This is unprecedented in the history of nearly 400 years of exchanges between our two peoples. This understanding reversed the Russian people's inherent impression of China. In the past, at least in the 1920s and 1950s, the main characteristics of China people in the eyes of Russians (Russians and former Soviets) were "diligence, honesty and poverty". Dr. Lalin, director of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, believes that the transnational movement of China people and the problem of some people stranded on Russian soil have become stimulating factors for the recurrence of the "Yellow Disaster" syndrome cultivated by politicians and residents in the Far East long before the revolution and the Soviet era.

Mr Zhang Zonghai worked in Russia for two years. During his stay in Russia, he was always troubled and tortured by such an emotion: he resented the suspicion and unkindness of Russians towards China, and he was ashamed of his compatriots' lack of education and disappointment.

Third, China's fake and shoddy goods have harmed the interests of Russians and the image of the people of China.

China's goods are cheap and good, and Russian consumers like them very much. In the era when border trade was just emerging, Russian goods enjoyed a good reputation in China. However, some businessmen in China are greedy and have low moral quality. Seeing that the Russians have great demand for China's goods and huge potential profits, they have shipped fake and inferior products from China to Russia through various channels. What the Russians never expected was that the fashionable and clean down jacket was stuffed with moldy feathers and dirty cotton, and the beautiful sports shoes would fall off in just a few days. The propaganda of Russian nationalists, racists and chauvinists was originally based on hysterical nonsense, but the bad behavior of China people and the fake and shoddy goods in China provided excellent evidence for these malicious propaganda. Fake and inferior commodities have triggered and strengthened the Russian people's ill feelings towards China and hostility towards China people. As a result, China goods were discredited, and China goods became synonymous with inferior products. Russians hate China's goods and call China's goods "rubbish". In order to tell customers that they are "safe shops" and don't sell fake and shoddy goods, some shops even put up such a sign at the door: "We don't deal in China goods". The voices condemning China's goods filled the streets, cities and villages, and Russian media publicly reminded and warned Russian residents not to buy China's goods.

Lift a rock and drop it on your own feet! China people have ruined their image. The illegal activities of some people in China led to the sharp decline of China's goods in the Russian market, which made China's goods eager to expand the international market lose the huge Russian market. This is the sorrow of China people and the misfortune of our nation. Japanese goods have lost their due market share in Russia, which greatly facilitates the best-selling of Japanese and Korean goods in Russia. Although China government has taken some corresponding measures to strengthen the management of employees engaged in border trade, the quantity of fake and shoddy goods from China has been curbed to some extent. However, the huge reputation loss caused by fake and inferior commodities to China is difficult to recover in a short time. It should also be noted that the influx of fake and shoddy goods from China into Russia is also attributed to some Russian black-hearted traders.

It is an arduous systematic project to improve the image of China people in the hearts of Russians. This requires the joint efforts of China and China: Russians must correct their attitudes towards China and China, and cannot look at Chinese people with colored glasses; China people must strengthen their self-cultivation and beautify their words and deeds; The China government should take effective measures to crack down on those illegal businessmen and stop fake and shoddy goods from China from flowing into Russia. With the development of China's economy and the progress of social civilization, China people will certainly establish a new image in the hearts of Russians.

As long as there is life, there is hope. As long as there is breath, hope will not disappear.