Introduction to Xuzhou

Xuzhou was called Pengcheng in ancient times and was one of the nine states in China. Xuzhou is located at the junction of the north and the south. It is the key to the north and the gateway to the south. It has always been a strategic location that military strategists must compete for. It has a long culture and is a famous hometown of emperors. There have been 11 emperors from Xuzhou in history. Xuzhou is an important transportation hub, energy base and industrial base in the country, and a construction machinery production base in China. Xuzhou is the largest city in northern Jiangsu and one of the three core cities and four megacities in Jiangsu Province's key planning and construction. It is also one of the five central cities in the Chinese section of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge and the central city of the Huaihai Economic Zone. Xuzhou is known as the "Throughout of Five Provinces" due to its unique geographical location, with the Yellow Sea to the east, the Central Plains to the west, the Yangtze River and Huaihe River to the south, and Qilu to the north. The Beijing-Shanghai Railway and the Longhai Railway intersect here, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the city from north to south, with Weishan Lake in the north. The highway extends in all directions, connecting Beijing and Tianjin in the north, Shanghai and Nanjing in the south, Lanxin in the west, and the seaside in the east. It is an important water and land transportation hub in the country and an important "crossroads" for economic connections between the east and west, and the north and south.

City Business Card

★China’s Historical and Cultural City

★China’s Excellent Tourism City

★China’s Brand Economic City

< p>★China's Top 100 Cities for Investment Environment

★National Top Ten Cities for Afforestation and Greening

★National Advanced Cities for Revitalizing the City through Science and Education

★National Financial Ecological Environment 50 Strong City

★National Advanced City for Free Blood Donation

★National Environmental Protection Model City

★National Garden City

★Famous Chinese Calligraphy City< /p>

★National Model City for Double Support

★Best investment city for Zhejiang merchants (outside the province)

★One of the five central cities in the Chinese section of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge

★One of the four megacities and the core cities of the three major metropolitan areas in Jiangsu Province

History and Culture of the Han Dynasty

Xuzhou is the founder of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty His hometown is also the place where he made his fortune. After Xiang Yu made Liu Bang King of Han in April 206 BC, after more than four years of the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang held the emperor's ceremony in Dingtao in October 202 BC. He first made his capital in Luoyang and later moved to Chang'an. At this time, the powerful Han Dynasty responded to the ancient Roman Empire in the West and became the most powerful empire in the world at that time.

During the four hundred years of the Han Dynasty, there were thirteen kings of Chu and five kings of Pengcheng in Xuzhou, and there should be eighteen royal tombs. In fact, it was more than that. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, in what is now Xuzhou There was also a Xiapi Kingdom in the administrative area, and there were four Xiapi kings. The tombs of these kings are as gorgeous as underground palaces. The tombs are filled with the king's favorite treasures and the savings of the treasury. The royal tombs in the Han tombs in Xuzhou constitute one of the "three wonders" of the Han culture in Xuzhou.

The eighteen tombs of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou include the second tomb of the Chu king in Beidongshan, the third tomb of the Chu king in Lion Rock, the fourth (fifth) tomb of the Chu king in Tuolan Mountain, and the third tomb of the Chu king in Guishan. Tombs of the Sixth Dynasty King of Chu, Tombs of the Eighth Dynasty King of Chu in Dongdongshan, Tombs of Pengcheng King of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Tushan, etc. The most representative Chu Tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Xuzhou are the Chu King Tombs in Beidongshan, the Chu King Tombs in Guishan and the Chu King Tombs in Shishishan. With "fine", "wonderful" and "heroic" each leading the way. Known as one of the three cultural wonders of Xuzhou, the Lion Mountain Terracotta Warriors are not only numerous in number, but also of various types, showing rich content: there are figurines of officials with long sleeves and long robes, figurines of guards with crowns and caps holding weapons, and figurines with braids holding long weapons. There are more than ten kinds of figurines, including warriors with their feet in combat boots and warriors holding crossbows. The Lion Rock Terracotta Warriors and Horses are not only art treasures of the Han Dynasty, but also historical witnesses of Xuzhou’s status as a military center. They are of high value not only for the study of the sculpture art of the Han Dynasty, but also for the study of the social life, funeral system, and military formations of the Han Dynasty. .

During the Western Han Dynasty, Yadong tombs were popular in the Xuzhou area. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the shape of tombs changed, and Han portrait stone tombs became popular. Han portrait stones are carved murals carved in tombs and auditoriums by people of the Han Dynasty. Han portrait stone carvings occupy an important position in the history of Chinese art. Xuzhou is one of the concentrated distribution areas of Han Dynasty portrait stones in China. At present, more than 700 Han portrait stones have been unearthed in Xuzhou area, and more than 500 Han portrait stones are collected in the Xuzhou Han Dynasty Stone Art Museum. The portrait stones of Xu Han, together with the stone carvings of Suzhou gardens and the tombs of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing, are also known as the "Three Treasures of Jiangsu Cultural Relics". In addition to Han tombs, Han figurines, and Han paintings, Xuzhou's fine cultural relics of the Han Dynasty are also unique and eye-catching in China's Han culture. There are more than 220 colorful figurines unearthed from the Chu King's Tomb in Beidongshan; The iron armor, jade coffin and jade leopard unearthed from the mausoleum; the crystal belt fishing and Liu Zhuyin unearthed from Xiaoguishan Tomb; the silver-lined jade garment unearthed from Huoshan Han Tomb; the gilt animal-shaped inkstone unearthed from Tushan Han Tomb; Sui The copper cow lamp and other precious cultural relics unearthed from the Ningliu Tower Han Tomb are all national treasures.

"Beautiful places are not easy to recognize, but those who come will know them." Xuzhou's cultural landscape of the Han Dynasty still has many historical relics, such as the Horse Theater, Surabaya Pavilion, Bawang Tower, and Songfeng Terrace. , Bajian Spring, Zifang Temple, Wangling Mother Tomb, etc., each scenic spot has a touching historical story, which reminds people of the smoke and clouds of the Chu-Han War. The autumn wind on the high platform of the Horse Theater allows you to have an overview of the overlord Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, who "stretched the mountains with overwhelming force"; the ancient stele of the Great Wind Song on the Gefeng Terrace allows you to appreciate Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, who said "the wind is blowing and the clouds are flying". The eternal masterpiece; the morning bells and evening drums of Zifang Temple will make you think about the legend of "Zhang Liang played the flute to disperse the Chu soldiers". All these add a bit of mystery to the Han culture in Xuzhou.

A historian said this at a seminar on China's famous historical and cultural cities: "A city like Xuzhou is unique among China's famous historical cities in that it has such a rich content of the cultures of the two Han Dynasties."

" "The Culture of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou" is worthy of its name

Cultural Attractions of the Han Dynasty

Representative attractions/areas: Attractions include: Xuzhou Han Portrait Stone Art Museum, Xinghua Temple, Xuzhou Qianlong Palace, Li Keran's Former Residence, Art Museum, Xuzhou City Folklore Museum, the old route of the Yellow River, Xuzhou Hanhua statues, stone beds on the east slope, Heting Pavilion, royal mausoleum, mother tomb, Hubu Mountain, ancient dwellings, Yanzilou Park, Malingshan Scenic Area, viewing platform, Pengyuan, CCTV’s location base, Yunlong Park, Tushan Han Tomb, Fan Zeng’s tomb lion Shanchu King Mausoleum, Han Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, Jiuli Mountain Piedmont Ancient Battlefield, Horse Stage, Xuzhou Museum, Xuzhou Han Portrait Stone Museum.

“Look at Xi’an during the Qin and Tang Dynasties, look at Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and look at Xuzhou during the Han Dynasty.” During the 400 years of the Han Dynasty, there were 13 kings of Chu and 5 kings of Pengcheng in Xuzhou. There are many Han tombs around the city, and more than 200 Han tombs have been unearthed. They are the tombs of princes and relatives of the Han Dynasty. The rich and precious cultural heritage of the Han Dynasty is rare in China. Han tombs with different structures, lifelike stone portraits of the Han Dynasty, and lifelike terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty are known as the "Three Wonders of the Han Dynasty". The excavation of the "Lion Mountain Tomb of King Chu" in 1995 was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China and one of the 100 major archaeological discoveries in China in the 20th century. The jade coffin and jade clothes unearthed in the tomb are the world's most important archaeological discoveries. Rare and breathtaking. Han cultural relics are everywhere here. The tomb of Liu Jiao, King of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty, the tomb of Chu Xiang King Liu Zhu in Guishan, the tomb of Chu King Liu Yu in Woniu Mountain, the tomb of Chu King Liu Yanshou in Dongdongshan, etc. all use mountains as mausoleums, cut passages on the slopes, and build underground palaces to form A huge underground palace complex. In addition to the ancestral mausoleum of the Han emperor in Feng County, Xuzhou also has Zhang Liangqiao Shushu Office and Zifang Mountain, Xiang Yu’s Horse Theater, Fan Zeng’s Tomb, Liu Bang’s Sword Drawing Spring, Sishui Pavilion, etc. There are too many Han cultural relics to mention.

1) The "Three Unique" Han Dynasty Tombs

The eighteen tombs of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou include the Tomb of the Second Chu King in Beidongshan, the Tomb of the Third Chu King in Lion Rock, The fourth (fifth) Chu king's tomb in Tuolan Mountain, the sixth Chu king's tomb in Guishan, the eighth Chu king's tomb in Dongdongshan, the Pengcheng king's tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Tushan, etc. The most representative Chu Tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Xuzhou are the Chu Tombs in Beidongshan, the Han Tombs in Guishan and the Chu King Tombs in Shishishan. With "fine", "wonderful" and "heroic" each leading the way. More than 220 colorful figurines unearthed from the Chu King's Mausoleum in Beidongshan; Iron armor, jade coffins, and jade leopards unearthed from the Chu King's Tomb in Shizishan; Crystal belt fishing, Liu's silver seal, and volcanic Han tombs unearthed from the Chu King's Tomb in Xiaoguishan The silver-lined jade garment; the gilt animal-shaped inkstone unearthed from the Tushan Han Tomb; the copper cow lamp unearthed from the Liulou Han Tomb in Suining and other precious cultural relics are all national treasures.

2) The "Three Wonders" of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Han Dynasty

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Lion Mountain are located 400 meters west of the Chu King's Mausoleum. They are an integral part of the Chu King's Mausoleum and symbolize Wei Wu Chu Wang Ling's troops. Not only are they numerous in number, they are also diverse in variety, showing rich content: there are figurines of officials wearing sleeves and long robes, figurines of guards wearing crowns and hats holding weapons, figurines with braided hair holding long weapons, warriors with boots on their feet and soldiers holding crossbows. There are more than ten kinds of figurines and so on.

3) The "three unique" Han portrait stones

Han portrait stones are decorative stones with distinctive themes carved on tombs and ancestral halls in the Han Dynasty (BC206-AD220) portray. It vividly depicts the social regulations, food, clothing, housing and transportation, and mythological stories of the Han Dynasty; it reflects people's attachment to life at that time and sacrifices after death; Xuzhou is one of the concentrated distribution areas of Han portrait stones in China. At present, Han portrait stones have been unearthed in the Xuzhou area There are more than 700 pieces, and there are more than 500 pieces of portrait stones collected in the Xuzhou Han Portrait Stone Art Museum. Xuzhou Han Dynasty Stone Art Museum covers an area of ??10,000 square meters and has a collection of more than 350 precious Han Dynasty stone sculptures. The museum plaque was inscribed by contemporary art master Mr. Li Keran. It was completed and opened on October 1, 1989. The paintings of cattle plowing, textiles, nine officials, welcoming guests, hundreds of operas and the eight-meter-long scroll among the Han portrait stones in Xuzhou can be called art treasures and treasures of the museum.

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