Summary of key knowledge points of geography in the second volume of seventh grade

Summary of key knowledge points in geography in the second volume of seventh grade. Summary is a written material that analyzes and studies the experience or situation in a certain stage of work, study or thought, and makes regular conclusions. It can make sporadic and superficial From superficial, perceptual cognition to comprehensive, systematic, and essential rational understanding, it is time to write a summary. How to write a summary so that it is not the same? The following is a summary of the key knowledge points of geography in the second volume of seventh grade compiled by the editor. Everyone is welcome to share.

Summary of key geographical knowledge points in the second volume of seventh grade 1

(1) Asia 1. Asia is the largest continent in the world, and it is also the world’s largest latitude, east-west The continent with the longest distance. 2. Use the map to tell the latitude, sea and land locations of Asia. 3. The terrain in Asia is high in the middle and low on all sides, and the terrain is complex and diverse. Characteristics of rivers in Asia: They originate from the central mountains and plateaus and flow radially to the surrounding oceans, forming numerous long rivers. The climate characteristics of Asia are: complex and diverse, with prominent monsoon climate and wide distribution of continental climate. The most widespread climate type in Asia is temperate continental. 4. Asia is a vast country with a population of about 100 million. East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia are densely populated areas. There are 6 Asian countries with a population of more than 100 million, including China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan. 5. There are about 1,000 ethnic groups in Asia. Ethnic groups in different regions have created their own cultures. The three birthplaces of civilization in Asia: the Yellow River-Middle and Lower Yangtze River areas; the Indus River Basin; and the Mesopotamian Plain. 6. Asia’s economic development is unbalanced. Japan is a developed country and the rest are developing countries. (2) Western Europe 1. Use the map to describe the location, scope and major countries of Western Europe. 2. The terrain of western Europe is dominated by plains. The climate is a temperate maritime climate in the coastal areas, a temperate continental climate in the inland areas, a Mediterranean climate and a plateau mountain climate in the south, and a frigid climate in the north. 3. Western Europe is mainly a developed country. Its industry is mainly manufacturing and the traditional livestock industry is developed. Tourism in western Europe is developed.

(3) Antarctica 1. Use the map to tell the location and scope of Antarctica: the southernmost point of the earth, most of which are located within the Antarctic Circle. 2. Antarctica has several of the highest latitudes, average altitudes, longitudes, and the coldest climate. 3. The terrain of Antarctica is dominated by plateaus, known as the "Ice and Snow Plateau". The average thickness of the ice reaches more than 2,000 meters, and it is rich in fresh water resources. 4. The climate characteristics of Antarctica: dry, strong winds, and severe cold. 5. Antarctica is rich in mineral resources and has few plant species.

(4) Japan 1. Japan is an island country located in the northwest Pacific. Its territory consists of 4 large islands including Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, as well as thousands of small islands and surrounding waters. Its capital is Tokyo. 2. Japan’s terrain is dominated by mountains and hills, with small plains. The peak is Mount Fuji, an active volcano. Japan is located at the junction of the Eurasian and Pacific plates and has many volcanoes and earthquakes. Transportation is mainly ocean transportation. 3. Japan is located in mid-latitudes, and its climate is dominated by subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate. 4. Japan is rich in water energy resources and has high forest coverage. 5. Japan lacks natural resources, and the raw materials and fuels needed for development mainly rely on imports. 6. Japan is a developed country in Asia with strong scientific and technological strength, many products are sold to the international market, and its economy is highly dependent on foreign countries. Japan's industrial layout is coastal. In order to facilitate the introduction of raw materials, export of industrial products, and reduce transportation costs and costs, Japan's industries are mainly distributed along the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast. (5) Russia 1. Russia is the largest country in the world. It is more than 10,000 kilometers long from east to west and about 4,000 kilometers wide from north to south. It covers an area of ??10,000 square kilometers and its territory spans Asia and Europe. The capital is Moscow. 2. The main terrain of Russia from west to east is the Eastern European Plain, the West Siberian Plain, the Central Siberian Plateau, and the East Siberian Mountains. 3. The Volga River in Russia is the longest inland river in the world, and Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and is a freshwater lake. 4. Russia is located in mid-high latitudes, and its climate is dominated by temperate continental climate, with long and cold winters and short and warm summers. The Siberian region in Asia is the source of cold air in winter, with low average annual temperatures. 5. Find the main rivers in Russia on the map: Ob River, Yenisei River, and Lena River. (Both are injected into the Arctic Ocean from south to north) 6. Russia is rich in natural resources and has developed heavy industry. Clearly identify the locations of the Kursk Iron Mine, Tyumen Oil Field, and Kuzbass Coal Mine on the map. Russia's industries are all located near resource-rich places. The main industrial areas include Moscow Industrial Zone, Ural Industrial Zone, Novosibirsk Industrial Zone, etc., which can be found on the map. 7. Russia has a complete transportation sector, with well-developed railways, highways, aviation, inland waterways, oceans and pipeline transportation industries. However, the transportation lines are unevenly distributed in Europe and Asia.

(6) United States 1. The United States is located in the North American continent and consists of 50 states, including 48 mainland states and the District of Columbia, where the capital Washington is located, as well as two overseas states of Alaska and Hawaii. .

The main body (mainland) of the United States is located in the northern temperate zone, Alaska is located in the northern cold zone, and Hawaii is located in the tropics. 2. The main part of the United States (the mainland) is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. 3. The terrain of the United States is distributed in a north-south column, with the Rocky Mountains in the west, the Central Plains in the middle, and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. 4. The Mississippi River in the United States is the fourth longest river in the world. The Great Lakes at the junction with Canada are the largest freshwater lakes in the world, of which Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake. 5. The agriculture and industry of the United States are very developed and it is the most developed country in the world. 6. Agriculture in the United States has regional characteristics. The proportion of the population engaged in agriculture in the United States is very small, but the efficiency is very high and the output is large. The United States is the country that exports the most agricultural products in the world. Use the map to remember the distribution of agricultural zones in the United States. 7. The American industry is dominated by high-tech industries. Among the three major industrial zones, the Northeast Industrial Zone is dominated by traditional industries, the Southern Industrial Zone is dominated by the aerospace industry, and the Western Industrial Zone is dominated by the electronics industry. 8. The United States has developed industry, serious resource consumption and waste, and requires large amounts of imports.

(7) Australia 1. Australia is located in the South Pacific, facing the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Indian Ocean to the west and south, and its capital is Canberra. Sydney is Australia's industrial center and port city, and Melbourne is Australia's second largest city. 2. Australia has a low population density and is a country with a vast territory and sparsely populated areas. 3. The terrain of Australia is divided into three parts. The west is a low plateau, the middle is a large plain with rich groundwater and a typical Great Artesian Basin (Australian Great Basin), and the east is the Great Dividing Range. 4. The Murray River is an Australian river that flows into the Indian Ocean from the southeast. 5. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through central Australia, and the climate has the characteristics of a semi-circular distribution. The tropical grassland climate and tropical desert climate are distributed over a large area. 6. Because Australia has been isolated on the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere for a long time, its biological uniqueness is very prominent. Unique animals include kangaroos, emus, platypuses, koalas, etc. 7. Australia has a particularly large number of sheep. It is the country with the largest number of sheep and the largest export of wool in the world. It is known as "the country riding on the back of a sheep". 8. Agriculture and animal husbandry in Australia play an important role, and four different agricultural and animal husbandry areas have been formed using the natural conditions of different regions. 9. Australia is rich in mineral resources and has a large proportion of mineral product exports. It is known as "the country sitting on the mine cart". 10. Australia’s cities and population are mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas.

Summary of Key Geography Knowledge Points in the Second Volume of the Seventh Grade Chapter 2

1. Tropical climate: Type of surface landscape, climate characteristics, main land distribution area, tropical rain forest climate, tropical rain forest, high temperature and rain all year round, Amazon Tropical monsoon climate in the plains, Congo Basin, and Malay Islands. Tropical monsoon rain forests have high temperatures throughout the year. The year is divided into rainy season (June-October) and dry season (November-May). The Indian peninsula and Indochina have tropical grassland climate. Tropical grassland year-round. High temperature, the year is divided into dry season (November to May) and wet season (June to October). The northern and southern sides of the tropical rain forest climate are such as: tropical desert climate of the African continent, tropical deserts, hot and dry all year round, West Asia and North Africa, Australia Central region

2. Subtropical monsoon climate: Type of surface landscape climate characteristics Main land distribution area Subtropical monsoon climate Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest with high temperature and rain in summer, four distinct seasons Mediterranean climate in the southeast of China, the United States, Brazil and other countries Subtropical evergreen Sclerophyll forests are warm and rainy in winter and hot and dry in summer in the western part of the continent at 30°-40° north and south latitudes, most typical along the Mediterranean coast.

3. Temperate climate: type surface landscape climate characteristics main land distribution area temperate monsoon climate temperate deciduous broad Ye Lin has cold and dry winters, warm and rainy summers, with hot and rainy weather at the same time. Northeastern China, southeastern Russia, the Korean Peninsula and nearby areas have a temperate maritime climate. Temperate grasslands have warm winters and cool summers, with more annual precipitation and more even seasonal distribution. Mid-latitudes The west coast of the mainland of the region. For example: temperate continental climates such as forests, steppes, and deserts along the Atlantic coast of western Europe, with cold winters and hot summers, large annual precipitation, and rainy summers. The subarctic coniferous forests in the inland areas of Eurasia and North America have cold-resistant coniferous forests with long and cold winters. Summer is short and warm, with less precipitation in Russia and Canada

4. Cold zone climate: (1) Alpine and plateau climate: mainly distributed in mountainous plateaus at mid- to low-latitudes, with lower temperatures and less precipitation, and natural The vertical changes in the landscape are significant as a basic feature. (2) Polar climate: Tundra climate: The coasts of the Arctic Ocean in Eurasia and North America are severely cold all year round, and mosses and lichens are distributed. 2. Ice sheet climate: severe cold all year round. Mainly distributed in the Arctic and Antarctica, no plants grow.

Summary of the key knowledge points of geography in the second volume of seventh grade, Part 3

1. Overview of Brazil: (1) Brazil is the country with the largest population and area in Latin America. It ranks fourth in the world in terms of land area. (2) Location: Sea and land location? D? D is on the Atlantic Ocean and is a sea-facing country. Latitude position? D? D Most of Brazil's land is located between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator. It is located in the tropics and is a tropical country.

2. Brazil’s terrain characteristics: mainly plains and plateaus. Brazil’s climate characteristics: mainly tropical climate. The main climate types are tropical rainforest climate and savanna climate.

Vegetation characteristics: Tropical rainforests and savannahs are widely distributed. (1) Amazon Plain: The largest plain in the world, this area has a tropical rainforest climate with high temperature and rain all year round. There is a tropical rainforest area in the world (known as the lungs of the earth), and it is known as the world's animal and plant kingdom. (2) Brazilian Plateau: The largest plateau in the world, this area has a tropical grassland climate. (3) Amazon River: It flows from west to east into the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second longest river in the world and the river with the largest water volume and drainage area in the world.

3. A developing industrial and agricultural country: (1) It is the most economically powerful country in South America. (2) Brazil’s main industrial sectors and distribution: Brazil has a relatively complete industrial system, a high level of industrial development, and relatively developed steel, machinery, and food industries. Industrial distribution: Brazil's heavy industry is mostly distributed in the southeastern Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro areas, which are close to iron mines and have convenient maritime transportation. The industrial distribution is unbalanced. Agricultural areas are mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas. Reasons for being distributed along the southeastern coast: mild and humid climate, convenient transportation, concentrated population, sufficient labor force, and early development. (3) The degree of agricultural mechanization is high: it is the world's largest coffee producer and exporter; the output of cane sugar, bananas, and sisal ranks first in the world, and beef is exported in large quantities. (4) Abundant resources: rich iron ore; rich water energy resources (the world's hydropower station--Yin Taipu Hydropower Station).

4. The crisis of the tropical rainforest: (1) The role of the Amazon tropical rainforest: A. Regulating the global climate; B. Providing fresh air to the world; C. Conserving water sources and protecting freshwater resources; D. Protecting Soil to prevent soil erosion; E. Provide good habitat and maintain biodiversity; F. Provide wood. —— Known as the "Lungs of the Earth" and "Air Purifier" (2). Causes and consequences of the destruction of the Amazon rainforest: Causes of destruction: A. In order to build several trunk roads such as the Amazon Transect Highway, Loggers, many employed by foreign companies, swept away the fine timber along the roads. B. In order to develop the mining industry and open up large-scale farms and pastures, people did not hesitate to reduce large areas of forest to nothing; C. The poor farmers in the country used the primitive slash-and-burn method to cultivate land on both sides of the road, cutting down trees indiscriminately. The consequences: forests are destroyed, soil and water are severely lost, precious wild animals are robbed, and the global ecological environment is seriously threatened.