How to write a paper on protecting Beijing’s traditional culture?

Historic progress in the protection of traditional culture in Beijing

As an ancient capital of six dynasties with a history of more than 3,000 years as a city and more than 850 years as a capital, Beijing has an extremely profound historical and cultural heritage and rich culture. Heritage resources, protecting the cultural heritage of the ancient capital Beijing is Beijing’s historical responsibility to the country and mankind. From 1978 to 2008, reform and opening up went through a 30-year process. Over the past 30 years, Beijing has made great progress and achievements in politics, economy, culture and other aspects, and the protection of traditional culture is undoubtedly one of the progress and achievements that cannot be ignored.

In the past 30 years, Beijing’s protection of traditional culture has gone through a process from the protection of national and folk culture to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Since entering the 21st century, the protection of national and folk culture has further advanced to the historical stage of the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Inheriting cultural traditions and inheriting cultural blood have attracted more and more people's attention and response, and have become the basic consciousness of the Chinese nation. Stepping up the rescue and protection of Beijing's excellent cultural heritage is of positive and special significance to ensuring Beijing's status as a political and cultural center and a famous historical and cultural city, promoting the integration of traditional culture and modern culture, and building a harmonious socialist society.

1. The protection of traditional culture began on the ruins of the "Cultural Revolution"

The "Cultural Revolution" caused unprecedented damage to Beijing's cultural heritage resources, especially the "broken four "Old" has done the most serious damage to traditional culture. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing began to comprehensively correct chaos and carry out reform and opening up. Despite the ideological constraints at that time, it boldly liberated the mind and gradually broke the forbidden zone of traditional culture, making people pay more attention to the protection of my country's excellent cultural heritage. Awareness continues to grow.

Mark 1: Traditional cultural activities resumed

After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", traditional cultural and artistic activities with local characteristics in Beijing resumed, including some activities held at the beginning of reform and opening up. It was of groundbreaking significance in breaking the constraints of the "Cultural Revolution" and highlighting the charm of traditional culture. The first is the Peking Opera historical drama "The Speech" performed by the Beijing Opera Troupe in May 1977 to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the publication of "The Speech". This was the first costume drama staged in Beijing and even the country after the "Cultural Revolution". The second is the folk flower show held in suburban counties such as Fengtai and Shunyi in Beijing during the Spring Festival in February 1978. This was the first public performance of the folk flower show in Beijing that was banned during the "Cultural Revolution". The third is the folk singing performance of some provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions organized by the Ministry of Culture in Beijing in September 1978. This was the first large-scale display of traditional ethnic music after the Cultural Revolution. Fourth, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture held a folk art exchange event between China and Japan at the Working People's Cultural Palace in July 1982. This was the first international folk cultural exchange event organized by Beijing. These activities marked the comprehensive recovery of national and folk culture after experiencing the catastrophe of the Cultural Revolution, and laid an important foundation for the subsequent protection of national and folk culture.

Beijing’s temple fairs and lantern fairs were once the most distinctive traditional folk activities in Beijing. Every Spring Festival, people’s family visits to temple fairs and lantern fairs have become an important symbol of festival cultural activities. During the Cultural Revolution, all temple fairs disappeared. During the Spring Festival of 1985, Dongcheng District took the lead in holding the Beijing Ditan Spring Festival Cultural Temple Fair based on the traditional temple fair model, which had a great social impact. Since then, Longtan Temple Fair, Baiyunguan Temple Fair, Dongyue Temple Temple Fair, Changdian Temple Fair, Yanshan Lantern Festival Lantern Festival, Longqingxia Ice Lantern Art Festival, etc. have been held one after another, and have gradually become an important brand of Spring Festival cultural activities in Beijing.

Sign 2: The protection of traditional culture has been promoted

In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the protection of traditional culture has received more and more attention from the party and the government. Cultural departments at all levels have carried out efforts to protect ethnic and folk culture. A large amount of excavation and sorting work has been carried out, and a large number of valuable materials with precious historical and cultural value have been collected. Among them, the most influential one was the compilation of the "Ten Integrated Chronicles", known as the "Great Wall of Chinese National Culture", which was carried out around the 1980s. In 1979, jointly initiated by the Ministry of Culture, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and other units, and organized by the National Art and Science Planning Leading Group, the compilation of the "Top Ten Integrated Chronicles" was launched across the country. In August 1981, Beijing took the lead in launching the compilation work of two collections, "Collection of Chinese Folk Songs - Beijing Volume" and "Collection of Chinese Ethnic Folk Dances - Beijing Volume". The compilation work of other collections also started successively. . In the following ten years, thousands of cultural workers went deep into the countryside and fields to collect, organize and record a large number of audio and video materials, which became the most precious original materials preserved for the protection of national and folk culture and served as a foundation for the development of traditional culture. He has made outstanding contributions to protection and rescue.

Sign 3: Traditional culture and art are carried forward

One of the most important purposes of protecting traditional culture is to give these ancient national and folk cultures new life and shine with the glory of the times. Since 2000, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture has invested in the scientific research and transformation of traditional folk flower festival projects, such as Changping's "Flower Cymbals and Big Drums", Mentougou's "Taiping Drums", Yanqing's "Land Boats", Fangshan's "Trotting Skeletors", Huairou's "Bamboo Horse" and other projects have been listed as scientific research projects. The Municipal Culture Bureau organized experts to transform and innovate these folk dance projects in aspects such as performance, costumes, props, and sound.

Among them, the "Flower Cymbal Drum" and the "Taiping Drum" participated in the "Juyongguan Great Wall Cup" Chinese Folk Drum Competition held in Beijing in 2001. The "Flower Cymbal Drum" won the highest award for Chinese folk literature and art - the Shanhua Award. Yangko is a performance form that is loved by the masses. However, due to the lack of sense of the times and beauty in terms of performance style, expression, costumes and makeup, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and the Beijing Mass Art Center have organized folk dance experts since 2001. Created and edited 8 innovative yangkos, including "Ribbon Yangge", "Fanhua Yangge" and "Paida Yangge", and popularized them throughout the city through the publication of CDs, cassettes, training courses and media publicity, so that the ancient folk dance Yangko has been inherited and developed.

2. The protection of intangible cultural heritage brings the protection of traditional culture to a new level

The protection of traditional culture was previously positioned as "national folk culture protection". Since 2005, , the name of this work has undergone significant changes. The concept of "intangible cultural heritage" has gradually replaced the concept of "national folk culture", and "protection of intangible cultural heritage" has become the continuation of "protection of national folk culture". , and the protection efforts are deeper and the social response is stronger. It should be said that the protection of intangible cultural heritage has brought the protection of ethnic and folk culture to a new level and is a historic progress in the protection of traditional culture.

In March 2003, the Ministry of Culture launched the "Chinese National Folk Culture Protection Project" nationwide, which is a national government project. To this end, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance issued the "Notice on the Implementation of the National Folk Culture Protection Project" and other documents, and held two special meetings on the National National Folk Culture Protection Project in November 2003 and October 2004. 40 pilot projects for conservation projects were identified. Two projects, "Jingxi Banner Music" in Mentougou District, Beijing, and "Old Beijing Commercial Folklore" from the Beijing Folk Museum were selected. The Beijing Municipal Culture Bureau also identified and announced 2 comprehensive pilot areas, 1 comprehensive pilot township and 21 pilot projects in Beijing in 2004 and 2005. These pilot projects actively explore protection methods and provide useful experience for future intangible cultural heritage protection work.

In June 2005, the Ministry of Culture held a national conference on the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Beijing and issued the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of my country's Intangible Cultural Heritage"; in December 2006 , the State Council issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritage". Since then, the protection of intangible cultural heritage has become a hot topic of social concern. Since 2005, Beijing’s ethnic and folk culture protection project has also entered the stage of intangible cultural heritage protection. In January 2006, Beijing held the "City-wide Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Work Conference", which proposed that the city's intangible cultural heritage protection work will be comprehensively carried out around three projects: census, inheritance, and documentation, in order to continuously promote the city's protection work. carry out. In July 2005, a census of Beijing's intangible cultural heritage resources was launched in 18 districts and counties in the city and was basically completed in the first half of 2007. In December 2006 and June 2007, the Beijing Municipal People's Government approved and published two batches of Beijing municipal-level intangible cultural heritage lists. All districts and counties in the city also established district (county)-level intangible cultural heritage lists, making Beijing The municipal intangible cultural heritage list system has been basically established.

According to the spirit of the notice of the State Council, Beijing held three consecutive "Cultural Heritage Day" activities from 2006 to 2008. On June 10, 2006, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage and the Bureau of Culture jointly held the opening ceremony of the first "Cultural Heritage Day" large-scale event in the new building of the Capital Museum. All districts, counties and relevant units in the city organized various publicity and displays. There were 73 activities; during the 2007 "Cultural Heritage Day", Beijing held the "Intangible Cultural Heritage Around Me - Beijing Intangible Cultural Heritage Project Resource Exhibition", "Stuff from Our Old Beijing - Beijing's Intangible Cultural Heritage" Tangible Cultural Heritage Project Exhibition" and other activities. In addition to the publicity and display activities of Cultural Heritage Day, Beijing also uses various cultural carriers such as the Spring Festival, Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and other cultural carriers to display intangible cultural heritage, so as to make citizens aware of intangible cultural heritage. A deeper awareness and understanding of heritage.

In order to improve the professional theoretical level of intangible cultural heritage protection personnel, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture has held five special training courses on intangible cultural heritage protection since 2004. More than 300 people participated in the study. From April 2006 to January 2007, the Social and Cultural Department of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture, Beijing Mass Art Museum, Xicheng District Cultural Center and other units jointly held the "Beijing Intangible Cultural Heritage Advanced Seminar", inviting national-level intangible cultural heritage Experts Zhao Shu and Liu Xicheng, mass culture expert Liu Bo, and famous scholar Shen Wangshu came to give lectures. 29 students received the "Advanced Training Class Completion Certificate" issued by the Beijing Municipal Personnel Bureau and wrote more than 30 papers, which were compiled and published by the Nationalities Publishing House. The book "Talks on Material Cultural Heritage".

The protection of intangible cultural heritage is like sounding the clarion call to strengthen the protection of traditional culture, giving people a new understanding and evaluation of the historical value, artistic value and social significance of traditional culture, and also making people The protection of intangible cultural heritage has won a greater opportunity than ever before.

The continuation of this work will play an immeasurable role in promoting the protection of traditional culture in our country and raising the awareness of the entire nation in the protection of traditional culture.

3. The protection of ethnic and folk culture and intangible cultural heritage in Beijing has made numerous achievements

In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, Beijing’s ethnic and folk culture and intangible cultural heritage protection has made significant progress The results have made important contributions to the protection and inheritance of traditional culture.

1. Establishing a working mechanism for the protection of intangible cultural heritage

Since 2003, Beijing has issued the "Regulations on Strengthening the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the City". Opinions" and other documents have set out tasks and clarified responsibilities for the protection of intangible cultural heritage in the coming period. In June 2006, Beijing established a joint meeting on the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Beijing, led by the Cultural Affairs Bureau and attended by more than ten municipal committee offices, including the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Construction Committee, and Ethnic Affairs Committee, as well as experts on the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Beijing. The committee is responsible for leading and guiding the city's intangible cultural heritage protection work. Since 2005, Beijing has invested a large amount of special funds in the protection of intangible cultural heritage every year, and by 2008 it had reached more than 20 million yuan. The Beijing Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center was established at the end of 2006, and the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Division of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture was established in 2008. All districts and counties have also established corresponding organizational structures, which have created conditions for future intangible cultural heritage protection work.

2. Edited and published the Top Ten Literary Collection Chronicles (Beijing Volume)

As of the end of 2007, the compilation work of Beijing's "Top Ten Collection Chronicles" has been basically completed. Among them, "Chinese folk songs collection? Beijing volume", "Chinese folk art music collection? Beijing volume", "Chinese opera music collection? Beijing volume", "Chinese folk folk instrumental music collection? Beijing volume", "Chinese folk folk dance collection? "Beijing Volume", "Chinese Folktales Collection - Beijing Volume", "Chinese Opera Chronicles - Beijing Volume" and "Chinese Folk Stories - Beijing Volume" have been published. "Collection of Chinese Ballads - Beijing Volume" passed the final review in 2007 and is now in print; "Collection of Chinese Folk Proverbs - Beijing Volume" has completed the editing work and is now under final review.

In addition, all districts and counties in the city also organized, edited and published folk art volumes and related compilations of results. From 2001 to 2006, Mentougou District edited and published 3 sets of "Mentougou Culture Series" with more than 20 books. Chaoyang District edited and published "Wenyu Water Classic" and "Samurai Spring Paper-cut Collection", and Xicheng District edited and published "Xicheng Folk Art Series" The Beijing Citizens' Association has organized and published more than 10 folk literature series such as "Beijing Scenery and Legends" and "Fragrant Hills Legends".

3. Preliminary completion of the census of intangible cultural heritage resources in Beijing

According to the deployment of the Ministry of Culture, Beijing began to conduct a citywide survey from July 2005 to June 2007. Conducted resource census of intangible cultural heritage. During this period, 18 districts and counties in the city organized and trained nearly 2,000 enumerators, and conducted in-depth interviews and surveys in the city's communities, villages and other grassroots units, and initially understood the bottom line of Beijing's intangible cultural heritage resources. According to statistics, the city has completed more than 6,000 census items. After screening and merging, nearly 3,000 items have entered the "Compilation of Beijing Intangible Cultural Heritage Census Items" (District and County Volumes), with 21 volumes. This census not only trained a team of cadres engaged in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, but also rescued and protected a large number of important materials and precious objects of intangible cultural heritage, laying a solid foundation for future protection of intangible cultural heritage.

4. Establish and improve Beijing’s intangible cultural heritage list system

In accordance with the requirements of the State Council on “establishing an intangible cultural heritage list system”, the State Council issued the In June 2016, two batches of national intangible cultural heritage lists were announced. In the first batch, 13 projects were selected in Beijing, and in the second batch, 61 projects (including 16 expanded projects) were selected, making Beijing’s national intangible cultural heritage list There are 74 cultural heritage projects. In December 2006 and June 2007, after application, demonstration, review, approval and other procedures, the Beijing Municipal People's Government announced two batches of Beijing municipal intangible cultural heritage lists. The first batch included 48 items, and the second batch included 105 items. Items, ***153 items. In addition, from September 2006 to June 2007, the city-wide county-level intangible cultural heritage list has also been initially established, and 18 districts and counties in the city have announced 315 district- and county-level lists.

5. Organize and select Beijing’s representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage

In 2007, the Ministry of Culture organized and selected the representative inheritors of Beijing’s intangible cultural heritage on the basis of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists The selection of "Representative Inheritors of National Intangible Cultural Heritage" was conducted, and two batches of "Representative Inheritors of National Intangible Cultural Heritage" were announced in June 2007 and January 2008, with a total of 777 people. , 26 people from Beijing *** were selected. In May 2008, the representative inheritors of Beijing municipal intangible cultural heritage projects were officially announced, and a total of 94 people were selected.

The journey from the protection of ethnic and folk culture to the protection of intangible cultural heritage fully demonstrates the achievements that Beijing has made in the protection of traditional culture over the past 30 years of reform and opening up.

I believe that in the future, China will be worthy of the praise of an ancient oriental civilization that "stands on its own among the world's nations", and Beijing will also be worthy of the title of the ancient capital of six dynasties with rich material and intangible cultural heritage.

References:

1. Song Haibo, editor-in-chief: "Beijing Chronicles. Culture and Art Volume. Mass Culture Chronicles", Beijing: Beijing Publishing House, 2001

2 , Editor-in-chief Zhou Xing: "A Brief History of Contemporary Beijing", Beijing: Contemporary China Publishing House, 1999

3. Editor-in-chief Pan Deqian: "Memorial of Cultural and Art Events in Beijing" (material), Beijing, 2003

< p>4. Zhou Shuzeng, editor-in-chief: "Chronicle of the Beijing Volume Compilation of Ten National Literary Collections", Beijing: China Drama Publishing House, 2004