For Chinese students in South Korea who want to travel to Thailand, is there any difference between applying for a Thai visa in South Korea and applying for a Thai visa in China?

Generally, it is easier to apply for a visa when going abroad. After all, you can go abroad and you are a powerful person. Other countries welcome powerful people to visit their countries

Me I also set out for Thailand from abroad and applied for a visa on arrival at the airport.

You'd better call the airline or the airport to ask about this. The airport has a website. For example, when transiting in Singapore, you need to apply for a transit visa.

You have to do it anyway, so just do it in Korea