Qin Terracotta Warriors full text

The full text of "Qin Terracotta Warriors" is as follows:

Next to the misty Li Mountain, standing firmly on a hill about ten miles east of Lintong County, is the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin. According to "Lishan Ji" by Mu Dumu of the Ming Dynasty, "the inner city of the First Emperor's Mausoleum has four gates, and the outer city has twelve miles around." You can imagine how the First Emperor's Mausoleum has undulating pavilions and courtyards. In March of this spring, we drove here with several writers from Beijing. We saw the peach blossoms on the top of the mausoleum, and when we climbed up to look far away, we could see the bright and greasy ribbon of the Wei River meandering eastward among the smokey trees.

In fact, we came here for the famous Qin Terracotta Warriors. Of course, Sima Qian recorded in his "Historical Records": "When the First Emperor came to the throne at the beginning, he passed through Lishan Mountain. When he united the world, more than 700,000 people from all over the world were sent to him. He passed through three springs and lowered the coffin. The palace view Hundreds of officials are filled with treasures and treasures. They ask craftsmen to make arrows that penetrate the rivers and seas. They are filled with astronomy and geography. The ointment is a candle, and it will last for a long time if it is not destroyed. "But what happened next? According to the saying, "Xiang Yu entered the pass and sent it, and he had three hundred thousand people to transport the goods in thirty days. The thieves in the Guandong sold the coffin to get the copper, and the shepherds searched for the sheep to burn them. The fire lasts for ninety days and cannot be extinguished" (Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu"). What remains of the imperial tombs that have attracted great interest from scholars and literati at home and abroad, both ancient and modern, after being "excavated and burned by Chu"? What is the secret inside the mausoleum? There are different opinions, and it has become a mystery for the ages. Fortunately, the huge terracotta warriors and horses pit discovered on the east side of the mausoleum in 1974 can provide a glimpse of the structure inside the mausoleum. Not only that, it provides the most authentic information for the study of ancient Chinese politics, culture, military, metallurgy and the history of the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, it is even more precious for the study of the art history of the Qin Dynasty, especially the sculpture art. The excavation of the Qin Terracotta Warriors shocked the world as the most spectacular archaeological discovery of the twentieth century.

Drive about three miles to the east of the First Emperor’s Mausoleum and you will find the magnificent Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang. I remember that when I first heard about the legend a few years ago, I was among the crowd of "sneak peekers" and walked through the weeds to visit the excavation site, which was still a persimmon forest full of wild flowers. But what came into view at this time was the majestic modern steel structure exhibition hall and the antique pavilion courtyard. Perhaps because of the spring outing season, there were tens of thousands of tourists of different skin colors, not an endless stream, but a crowd.

Entering the exhibition hall and standing on the earth platform at the east end, you can have a panoramic view of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit. Although most of the tunnels have yet to be excavated, the thousands of terracotta warriors and horses that have been cleared before our eyes are enough to make our hearts tremble and awe-inspiring!

It is said that this pit of terracotta warriors and horses located on the east side of the Qin Mausoleum symbolizes the guards stationed outside the capital during Qin Shihuang's lifetime to guard the underworld of the mausoleum. It is arranged according to the formation of the battle formations from the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty. The viewer shakes the wings of his imagination a little and seems to see the Qin State's strong soldiers and horses sweeping across the Liuhe, defeating the Huns in the north, and pacifying Baiyue in the south. This is the only majestic scene in the sea. Looking down at the huge military formation, the warrior figurines are either in the vanguard facing east, or in the flanks facing north and south, or in the rear guard facing west, or in the main body of chariots and infantry arranged alternately, all in a neat formation, which can be said to be well organized. The warrior figurines are dressed in battle robes or armor, holding bronze weapons in their hands. The war horses hold their heads high and neigh, and are ready to move. Their military appearance is awe-inspiring, and they are ready to go.

Taking a closer look at the sculptures of warrior figurines, you can see that their shapes are rough yet delicate, as well as lively and lifelike. Their height ranges from 1.8 to 1.97 meters, and there are thousands of statues with different shapes, appearances, postures and expressions, revealing differences in personality, psychological characteristics and responsibilities. Some don't wear helmets and tie their hair, and some wear long crowns or soft hats. Those who wear war brown usually hold their bows and arrows, while those who wear armor hold spears and carry weapons. The legs are tied up or protected with shin gaiters, and the feet are put on hook shoes or closed boots. Look at the details of his hair, the armor is hard, the shirt is light and soft, the belt is flexible, the folds of clothes are elegant, and the buckles on the shoes are all lifelike. What gives people the aesthetic pleasure of sculpture is that "when moving the line of sight, one discovers that each part of the statue is a gesture in a continuous period of time" ("Rodin's Theory of Art"), which makes people feel as though they are static statues. Saw its movement. Look, some of the pottery figurines stand solemnly and vigorously, looking forward, with braided hair and short beards, showing a sense of high spirits. Some stare in deep contemplation, with wisdom and strength hidden in their brows, or they face the enemy with a calm demeanor and a smile on their face, expressing a calm belief in victory. Or they may have cold eyebrows and a formidable demeanor, or they may have raised cheeks and prominent cheekbones, making them look cheerful and bold. Or they may be clear-eyed, reserved and shy, or they may be dignified, calm and resolute, majestic, alert and agile, and their different expressions are too numerous to describe. Kneeling to shoot the figurine, kneeling on the right leg, bending the left leg, holding a bow and crossbow with both hands on the right side, turning slightly to the side, looking straight ahead, the bow string is suspected to be trembling, and the ten-skin feather arrows are flying toward the enemy camp. The knight figurine wears a narrow-sleeved battle robe, waist-length short armor, a leather hat, and long boots. He holds the horse in his right hand and holds the bow in his left hand. He stands very alertly on the left side of the pommel horse. It seems that he has stepped onto the battlefield in an instant. Riding and galloping on the battlefield, there was a sudden roar of killing and blood splattered with smoke and dust. The ancient Chinese sculpture art craftsmen have endowed these exquisite sculptures with superb attainments, which can be called the pearl of the treasure house of Chinese art and a magnificent page in the history of world art.

It was admirable to admire the terracotta warriors and horses who had peeled off the collapsed soil to reveal their true appearance. When we walked around the tunnel lined with terracotta warriors and looked at the "emerging" terracotta warriors that were being excavated, we were even more thoughtful. , suddenly felt majestic and sad. The pit was originally a wooden structure with underground tunnels. The bottom was paved with blue bricks and there were thick beams and columns forming the roof trusses.

This pit may have collapsed due to Xiang Yu's burning. There are traces of severe fires all over the pit with charcoal ash. Some of the pottery figurines are red, and their fragmented shape makes people nostalgic for the past. Some are lying down, some are lying on their backs, some are dependent on each other, some are in pairs, some have broken arms, broken heads, missing legs, and cracked chests, all in different shapes. Angry, sad, anxious, and heroic all at the same time, it makes people's hearts shocked and their eyes wet. In addition to the masterpieces of ancient sculpture masters, there are also natural processing given by historical precipitation and disasters, which make people feel the tragic atmosphere even more. At this moment, the bright spring sun shines through the transparent roof high up in the empty hall, casting its light on the ruins of this "ancient battlefield", including the broken terracotta warriors and horses, the tawny soil, and the black Charcoal gray has achieved a harmonious effect, making the artistic beauty and natural beauty complement each other so well that we are reluctant to leave.

Stepping into the showroom is a different story. In the glass box, bronze weapons unearthed from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit are displayed, including Wu hooks, spears, swords, halberds, daggers, pilots, bronze skeletons, etc. It is said that these bronze weapons have been analyzed by electron probe and proton X fluorescence. The surface of the swords has been chromium treated, which is not only poisonous but also anti-corrosion and anti-rust. They have been buried underground for more than two thousand years, and they still look cold and gleaming. Its process technology can be regarded as a miracle in the history of world metallurgy. The pottery horses on display are 1.7 meters tall and more than two meters long. They all have their heads raised and their ears raised. They are majestic and unrestrained. They all have their manes cut and their tails tied, and they hold darts and open their mouths. It is said to be an imitation of today's Hequ horse in Gansu Province. It has short legs and is small. Although it cannot run long distances, it can climb hills well. It is a well-bred war horse. Looking at their hooves neighing and their horses eager to gallop, one cannot help but be dazzled by the exquisiteness of ancient Chinese sculpture art. It is a pity that we were not able to see the rare and precious cultural relics such as two sets of Qin Dynasty bronze figures, bronze horses, and bronze chariots excavated in the west of the mausoleum. It is said that it is the earliest, largest and best-preserved bronze chariot and horse discovered in the archaeological history of my country. It may have belonged to the concubine of Qin Shihuang. The door and cover of the chariot are made of thin copper plates, with paintings of flowing clouds and Geometric colorful pattern.

After squeezing through the crowds of people, we drove to Huaqing Pool. The beautiful sculptures of the Qin Terracotta Warriors are unforgettable. It is said that French President Chirac once visited this place and praised the Qin Terracotta Warriors as the eighth wonder of the world, while US Secretary of State Kissinger praised the Qin Terracotta Warriors for their magic and being unique in the world. It is said that a "Qin Terracotta Warriors craze" has arisen in the tourism industry around the world.

In the evening, I returned to the shabby room at the side of Ci'en Temple in Chang'an. I still had some lingering excitement, and I sorted out my notes under the lamp to take notes.