Where does Jiuzhi Yak belong?

Jiuzhi yak is a geographical indication product of agricultural products.

Jiuzhi Yak is a specialty of jiuzhi county, Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Nine yaks enjoy a high reputation in Tibetan areas. They have been presented to Tibetan leaders as tributes in past dynasties and are honored as nine tribute cows. Jiuzhi Yak is a national product protected by geographical indications of agricultural products.

Jiuzhi Yak is a unique cattle breed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Yak was called "Niu Hao" in ancient times and "Mao" and "Temminick" in history books, and it was domesticated by wild yak. Yak is a variety of milk, meat, skin, hair and services. Yak is full of treasures. Tibetans in Jiuzhi area have a long history and experience in slaughtering yaks. For a long time, Tibetan people could not live without it. People drink yak milk, eat yak meat and burn yak dung. Its hair can be used as clothes or tents, and its skin is a good material for tanning. Horns can be used as handicrafts, and bones are medicine villages. Yak is known as the "boat on the plateau" and can be used for farming and transportation on the plateau. Yak culture has a long history and is profound, and the yak riding competition is even more ridiculous. It is an annual sports activity held by local herdsmen, and yak products are exported to the Middle East. Live cattle are sold to Hong Kong and other places, and are popular because of their tender meat, delicious taste, low fat and high protein, and full game. According to legend, a long time ago, Guoluo Aban practiced Buddhism at home. Often devoutly offering sacrifices to Ma Qing Bora, Nian Baopei and other mountain gods. One day, the master and servant went to Yeshize Mountain to enjoy the scenery, and arrived at the Hinmro Lake (namely Fairy Lake). Ben went to see the lake view alone, rested under a rock for a while, fell asleep and had a dream. Suddenly, he heard a deafening cry: "The son of God was caught by a kite." When he woke up, he saw a huge evil harrier with a silver mouth. He is very curious. After returning, he spent the night by the lake. In the evening, he dreamed that an elegant woman floated up to him and said to him. "You saved Shen Nian's son from the evil harrier. If you protect him for Shen Nian, you will be rewarded. Tomorrow night, you will be invited to the home of the mountain god, where there will be a flower blanket, a stick and a dog. You will say that you want these three things. I am the little wife of the mountain god, and the snake is my son. I turned into a snake and was caught by the evil kite in the lake. Thank you for your rescue. I give you this advice out of gratitude. Your master and servant will stay here tomorrow night and move the tent to a place a stone's throw away. You stay there alone, and I will come. " The next day, according to his words and deeds, Weng Ruidi thought he would have another dream tonight. Just as we were waiting, it was raining heavily and snowed heavily, and the lady I dreamed of last night floated into the account and said; "Please take Hada and get dressed. We are now at the Shizuishan Shrine, which was guaranteed last year." Ben was a little scared, so he quickly took Hada and put on his clothes. When he came outside, he saw a white horse with a complete saddle. He was told to get on the starting horse. The lady led the horse ahead, and suddenly she seemed to be walking on the ground and came to the door of a palace. The lady said, "Now, after you get off the horse, put your right hand in mine. Let's go together. " They walked along many steps paved with jade and entered a magnificent crystal palace. On the top of the high throne sat a mountain god, dressed in green satin, wearing a white silk scarf and a thick eyebrow and beard. Your wife also ordered: "After the memorial service, present Hada, don't forget what I said!" " Ben went to worship and presented gifts. After God caught Hada in 2008, he asked, "Golobon, what do you want?" He said, "I want this flower blanket, this stick and this bitch." Shen Nian said, "Give these things to him, and then your wife will put them back." He picked up a blue Hada, put it around his neck and told him, "At any time, you should make every effort to sincerely sacrifice to the gods!" " After he agreed, the lady took a stick and a flower blanket, led the dog and said, "Let's go now!" " He took Hada off his neck, put it in his arms, and followed him out of the palace. The ground was covered with snow, and he was put on his original horse in the snowstorm. Your wife led the horse to her tent. When dismounting, your wife said, "Please open your arms." After opening it, she put the flower blanket, the stick and the bitch into Weng Ruidi's arms one by one. Your wife finally said, "This carpet is land, the stick is a weapon, and the bitch is the daughter of the mountain god Nianbao Ye Shize. These three gifts will be delivered to your home. Please try to make mulberry sacrifices in the future, please take care! " Then he took the white horse and disappeared into the air. A few days later, Ben only felt that the carpet, wooden stick and bitch seemed to be still in his arms, but they were never seen. Only the green Hada given by the mountain god can still be seen. He made an arrow feather out of it. Once, it was the fifth day of March in the Year of the Rooster. He dreamed that the mountain god Bao was riding a gray-green horse with eight riders, and said to him, "Tomorrow morning, you are riding a horse with a bow and arrow, waiting between Xinmucuo Lake and Dacuo Lake. You see a black yak fighting with my white yak. If you can shoot a yak with an arrow, you can give my daughter to your youngest son as your wife. " The next day, Ben and his son Ben You came there to wait. In the evening, when it was snowing, they suddenly saw two black-and-white yaks rushing out of the upper and lower lakes, tearing and rolling on the beach, their horns touching, their flames shining and their roar deafening. Because two yaks are mixed with sand, it is difficult to tell them apart for a while. The father and son had to pull a strong bow and buckle a sharp arrow, so that they shot two arrows, just hitting the black yak. The black yak escaped into the lower lake and the white yak got into the upper lake. On the evening of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the wild stone mountain god came to dream and said, "Tomorrow morning, your father and son please go to the cliff by the lake to make a net sacrifice to God. My eldest daughter, Shan Zhi, will appear as the incarnation of a white lioness. When she shoots it with an arrow, she will become a woman and marry her as your daughter-in-law. In this way, she will have great power and become a local Lord. " The next day, after acting according to the prophecy, sure enough, an angry white lion rushed down from the cliff full of snow and black fog. Although she walked to the front of the tent, she shook her long mane, roared loudly and hurt people with a jet plane, which made Weng Ruidi's servant unconscious and inaccessible. Without even touching the arrow, the white lioness fled. While waiting at night, Ye Shize Mountain God held a dream and said, "Tomorrow morning, I will offer mulberry to God. My second daughter, Maggie Zhou, will become a green dragon. When she hits it with an arrow, she will become a woman and marry her as your daughter-in-law. In this way, her power will flourish and she will have all the families and local lords in the king's department. " The next day, I acted according to the prophecy. Sure enough, a huge dragon came to the account from the stormy sky, but I didn't dare to touch it like yesterday, and the dragon page hid. While waiting at night, Ye Shize came to dream again and said, "The next morning, there was a big mulberry stew for God to eat. My third daughter, Dragon Girl, appears as the incarnation of Snow Snake. If you hit it with an arrow, she will become a woman and marry Jingyu as your daughter-in-law. In this way, the power will be stronger, and there will be more and more fields and ministries for two generations. Future generations have a long history and can be blessed by dragon gods and guardians. Please send it back after my daughter gives birth to her son! " The next day, the sky was still full of storms and dark clouds. When I went out, I saw a snowflake snake slowly crawling out from under the cliff. When I shot it with an arrow, it turned into a beautiful, slim and elegant girl, wearing bright flowers and dazzling white satin under the golden light, and told her to read Mao Mei Do Ji Tao. I married her as my daughter-in-law. Now, people can still see the flowers she used to wear on her head from lawns and hillsides. Yak is one of the main livestock breeds in jiuzhi county. Yak ranks first in the natural number of livestock. It is a variety used for milk, meat, wool and services. Because of its special domestication history and selection method, yak has unique biological characteristics and economic status. However, for a long time, due to many objective and artificial factors, its quality has deteriorated year by year and its production performance has dropped significantly. Due to the harsh local ecological environment, weak economic foundation, low scientific and cultural level of the people and weak awareness of product protection. An adult (over 5 years old) male yak weighs only 320kg, and the female yak weighs about 220kg. In the 1970s, under the guidance of the planned economy model at that time, people blindly pursued the number of yaks and ignored the benefits, only paid attention to grassland utilization and ignored its infrastructure, which led to the serious degradation of grassland, and accordingly the quality of yak population showed an obvious downward trend. In 2009, the weight of adult yak and cow in plateau decreased by 24.46% and 23.24% respectively compared with 1985. With the deepening of reform and opening up, people's expectations for living standards are getting higher and higher. Driven by this interest, the demand for livestock products is increasing. It is imperative to improve the production performance of yak, make full use of local resources and accelerate the economic development in pastoral areas. Qinghai Plateau Yak is one of the three local yak breeds listed in the National List of Animal Variety Resources Protection by AnnouncementNo. 10 in 2004 130 of the Ministry of Agriculture. Over the years, due to the lack of scientific feeding and protection, coupled with predatory management and utilization, the production performance of yak in Qinghai Plateau is getting lower and lower. Because the genetic genes of wild yak were infiltrated into the formation process, it has obvious wild yak signs. Its typical variety is characterized by its tall physique and strong adaptability to the harsh natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, due to the intensification of human activities, the gene penetration of wild yak was prevented intentionally or unintentionally, and the variety characteristics gradually weakened or disappeared. For a long time, due to the neglect of yak variety selection, inbreeding is very serious and the production performance of yak has obviously deteriorated. Excellent yak breeds have become the bottleneck restricting the development of yak. In 20 12 years, there were 86,800 yaks/kloc-0 in jiuzhi county, and 94,056 cows could be farmed. The Animal Husbandry Department of our province approved the construction of "Plateau Yak Breeding Farm" in Song Zhiqing Town. There are 465,438+0,666 female yaks in Song Zhiqing Town, jiuzhi county, Qinghai Province, which are easy to form a core group for reproduction. The average elevation of jiuzhi county County is over 4,000 meters, and the available grassland area is 9,967,700 mu. The income of herdsmen engaged in animal husbandry accounts for 90% of the total income. Because the height and weight of yak in jiuzhi county are obviously higher than those in other regions, and the meat quality is also better than those in other regions, the number of yaks purchased from the plateau has increased year by year in recent years, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly serious. At present, there are some problems in the yak breeding system, such as the small number of pure yak bulls, nonstandard breeding, unclear breeding indicators, and the small number of bulls provided every year. Therefore, under the existing animal husbandry production system, it has unique advantages to carry out plateau yak breeding in jiuzhi county, Qinghai Province, strengthen variety protection, and promote it to the main yak producing areas in Guoluo Prefecture and even the whole province. Lu Chunqiu recorded that "the beauty of meat is the meat of yak". Jiuzhi yak meat is tender and juicy, with bright red and slender meat color, high protein content, moderate calcium, phosphorus, iron and various amino acids, small smell, good taste, delicious taste and palatable fragrance, which meets the requirements of current dietary concepts.

Jiuzhi county, located in the southeast of Qinghai Province, is a pure animal husbandry county inhabited by Tibetans. Animal husbandry is the pillar of the county's national economy. There are more than 400,000 kinds of livestock in this county, which is famous for producing yaks, Tibetan sheep and Hequ horses.

Jiuzhi county consolidated the basic position of animal husbandry, focused on increasing the efficiency of animal husbandry and increasing herdsmen's income, actively guided herders to raise livestock scientifically, overcame the idea of reluctance to sell, and constantly improved the slaughter rate and commodity rate of livestock. The development of animal husbandry in the county has achieved remarkable results: the original yak breeding farm in jiuzhi county Plateau has been built, consisting of 200 basic groups and 80 core groups, and 3,000 female yaks of school age have been bred. The original breeding farm has a fixed office space, complete equipment purchase and complete files, and the breeding farm is running normally, and the identification of young animals, 1 year-old calves and 2-year-old calves has been completed.

In 20 13, the "Jiuzhi Yak" declared by jiuzhi county Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation passed the examination of the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and organized expert review, and the national geographical indications of agricultural products were registered and protected.

territorial scope

Jiuzhi county is located in the southeast of Qingnan Plateau and the east of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is adjacent to Aba County in Sichuan Province in the southeast, Dari County in the west, Maqu County in Gansu Province in the northeast, banma county in the south, and the Yellow River and gande county across the river in the northwest. East diameter100 20 ′ ~10147 ′ diameter difference127 ′; Latitude difference 1 1', east-west length is about 136 km, and north-south width is about 126 km. Jiuzhi Yak Breeding Area covers five townships and one town in the county, namely Song Zhiqing Town, Mentong Township, Suohu Rima Township, Wasai Township, Baiyu Township and Waeryi Township. The total land area of the county is 8757.25 square kilometers, accounting for 13 135900 mu, of which the grassland area is 10985400 mu, accounting for 83.6% of the total land area of the county, and the available grassland area is 9.9677 million mu, accounting for 90.7% of the total grassland area.