This paper discusses the application of e-commerce in tourism, such as opportunities and challenges.

Opportunities and challenges faced by the current development of e-commerce in China

On the basis of analyzing the opportunities and challenges faced by the development of e-commerce in China, this paper puts forward several problems that need to be solved urgently to accelerate the development of e-commerce in China.

Keywords: e-commerce, opportunities, challenges

First, the current opportunities for the development of e-commerce in China

1, the popularity of broadband networks has brought new opportunities for the development of e-commerce. Compared with the traditional dial-up network, the speed of broadband access technology is hundreds of times faster, which is the unique advantage of broadband, and the speed is very important for e-commerce users. According to experts' statistics, traditional human factors indicators show that the longest reaction time before users lose interest is 10 second. On the Internet, users have been trained to endure so much pain that it is acceptable to increase the time limit of some web pages to 15 seconds. This requires a fast internet speed. The speed advantage of broadband allows users not to worry about the speed and cost of surfing the Internet.

2. Telecom reorganization has brought new opportunities for the development of e-commerce. 1999 the reorganization of China telecom is a major event in the reform of domestic IT industry. By February of 20001year, China Tietong Company was established, and seven telecom service providers, namely China Telecom, China Unicom, mobile communication, satellite communication, China Jitong and China Tietong, appeared in China telecom market, which initially broke the monopoly situation, reduced users' internet access fees by several times, stimulated the surge of domestic netizens and brought more e-commerce websites.

The development of online banking has brought new opportunities for the development of e-commerce. 1February 1998, China Merchants Bank took the lead in launching "One Netcom" in China. Online payment service; Subsequently, an online banking service system consisting of personal banks, online shopping malls, online securities and corporate banks was introduced. By March 2000, its online banking had more than 4,000 corporate users and more than 60,000 individual users, and more than 1 10,000 online transactions were completed.

4. Joining wT0 brings new opportunities for the development of e-commerce. After China joined the World Trade Organization, it has experienced

The economy will be further integrated into the global market system, the scale of "going out" and "rushing in" will be further expanded, and domestic enterprises will face more intense competition tests whether they are facing domestic or foreign, urban or rural markets. The world is entering the era of knowledge economy, and the role of information flow is becoming more and more important. The ability difference between information-rich countries and information-poor countries will affect the competitiveness of the whole country in the new international economic order. In business activities at home and abroad, the application of electronic information technology and the effective management and utilization of information flow have become an important means to improve competitiveness. At present, in China, a considerable number of enterprises have access to the Internet. Some of these enterprises have their own homepages and www servers, and some enterprises engaged in international trade have been able to skillfully carry out international e-commerce. Information technology and related e-commerce have become real opportunities for China enterprises to surpass the world in the new century. In the next few years, products and technologies based on e-commerce will definitely occupy the market very obviously.

What governments at all levels actively participate in and organize is e-commerce.

The development of service industry has brought new opportunities. As a developing country, government-led e-commerce conforms to China's national conditions. From 1999 government online to e-government in 2002, governments at all levels participated in and organized the implementation. Facts have proved that it has played a positive and powerful role in promoting the development of e-commerce in China. In the process of e-commerce development in China, due to the policies actively guided and vigorously promoted by governments at all levels, the market environment and system construction of e-commerce development in China tend to be orderly, which is conducive to the operation of e-commerce.

Second, the current challenges facing the development of e-commerce in China

1. Challenge 1: Cognitive backwardness. Ignorance of new things has seriously affected the promotion speed of e-commerce in China. The lag of understanding is a major obstacle to the development of e-commerce, and it is also an important ideological reason why many state-owned enterprises in China cannot get rid of losses for a long time. The world has entered the information age, and competition presents new characteristics of high speed, high intensity and omnibearing. Countries, enterprises and individuals who master the latest technology and management methods are in a favorable position in the competition, while those who know that backward competitors will be ruthlessly eliminated by the market.

2. Challenge 2: Security. Security is the most worrying issue for enterprises to apply e-commerce, and how to ensure the security of e-commerce activities will always be the core research field of e-commerce. As a secure e-commerce system, we must first have a secure and reliable communication network to ensure the safe and rapid transmission of transaction information; Secondly, the database server must be absolutely secure to prevent hackers from breaking into the network and stealing information. For our country, network products are almost all "imported" and there are hidden dangers. In addition, due to the influence of technology and human factors, unsafe factors are more prominent. If the security problem cannot be properly solved, the realization of e-commerce is empty talk. Many users are reluctant to conduct online transactions because they are skeptical about the safety and reliability of online transactions. The security of e-commerce involves not only technical issues, but also management and legal issues. At present, China can't mass-produce its own network firewall, and many banks' electronic savings system passwords are only 4-6 digits, so technical preventive measures obviously can't meet the requirements of large-scale electronic transactions. The management standards of e-commerce transactions have not been determined systematically, and the identification of illegal e-commerce transactions by law is still in the exploratory stage. These problems need to be solved quickly by organizing special forces.

3. Challenge 3: Legal issues. Disputes are unavoidable in business. And online disputes are unique. Internet is an information expressway without police. Without cooperation and management, information transmission across regions and borders is difficult to be notarized and arbitrated. Without a mature and unified arbitration legal system, disputes cannot be resolved. Then, how should this legal system be formulated, who should formulate it, what principles should be followed, and how to ensure its effectiveness? These are all issues that should be considered when making laws now.

4. Challenge 4: Technical issues. Traditional banking business takes a few seconds to several minutes, but most of the services provided by internet banking are not so fast, and customers are not sure whether the transaction is successful, so they can only inquire through their accounts. In this regard, although the current service has brought convenience to banks, it has caused customers to spend too much trading time.

Another potential technical obstacle is that China's information products, whether low-end PC, network equipment, power supply or high-end host system, are not made in China. Regardless of the Galaxy series or the Dawn series, the core components of all high-performance computers have to rely on American products and technologies, and the speed is several orders of magnitude worse than that of American high-performance computers. Therefore, how many merchants will choose domestic products for large-scale e-commerce activities? Moreover, the United States has strict restrictions on China's export of high-performance computers, and the most advanced technologies and products may not be bought back at a huge price.

5. Challenge 5: Credit problem. In traditional business transactions,

In Zhong Yi, commercial credit has always been a big problem. Due to historical reasons, China has not been a country with a perfect legal system. The commercial reputation is low, and the problem of corporate triangle debt is serious. The main reason is that the legal concept between enterprises is not strong, and the contract cannot be strictly performed, which leads to mutual debts between enterprises. This serious triangular debt problem makes the commercial credit with low credit rating lower, and even affects the bank credit. E-commerce is to transform the traditional trading mode into trading on the network platform, and carry out these economic activities through computers and networks. Although e-commerce has improved traditional business transactions in many aspects, it has not been completely improved on the issue of commercial credit. If the low commercial credit under the traditional trading mode will produce triangular debt, then in e-commerce, there will be more problems with triangular debt under the fast trading mode. Therefore, the issue of commercial credit is the bottleneck restricting the development of e-commerce, and it is also the core issue that should always be paid attention to in the development of e-commerce. To solve this problem, it is necessary to establish a reasonable operating mechanism and operating standards to ensure the establishment of commercial credit between the supply and demand sides, and to ensure that all parties to the transaction pay the goods and loans on time, with good quality and quantity through some supervision institutions.

6. Challenge 6: The distribution system is not perfect. After the e-commerce transaction is concluded, how to deliver the goods to consumers quickly, accurately and safely is a concern of the industry and consumers. At present, in terms of distribution, many are delivered by post offices, which are slow and expensive, and it is difficult to promote e-commerce.

Third, the current problems to be solved in the development of e-commerce in China

1. Improve the social acceptance level of e-commerce. In the development of e-commerce, the guidance of public opinion and the support, encouragement and guidance of the government are very important, which is the experience of countries that successfully implement e-commerce. Although our government has established the Ministry of Information Industry in April, 1998, at present, China's e-commerce is still in its infancy, so we must give full play to the guiding and promoting role of the government. It is necessary to strengthen publicity, introduce the advantages of e-commerce to the public, improve the social acceptance level of e-commerce, and then take the lead in promoting e-commerce through government procurement. In this way, it can not only reduce the procurement cost and improve the transparency of government affairs, but also play a positive role in demonstrating and encouraging businesses to accept and promote e-commerce. 2. Accelerate the construction of information infrastructure to lay a solid material foundation for the development of e-commerce. From a national perspective, only a few cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin have done a good job in information infrastructure construction, while most other cities and regions are obviously backward in optical cable laying, computer popularization and network construction. Many remote and poverty-stricken areas have not yet established their outlets, which has become a desert for the construction of information expressway. China's backwardness in information infrastructure has greatly restricted the development of e-commerce. In addition, the current exorbitant fees are another important factor affecting the development of e-commerce in China, and the current fee system must be reformed to reduce the exorbitant fees.

3. Overcome the technical problems that restrict the rapid development of e-commerce. At present, the research on key technologies such as security technology, security management, CA certification and electronic payment of e-commerce involves foreign trade and economic cooperation and banking, taxation, customs and foreign affairs related to its business. 12, insurance and other departments and industries should strengthen contact, work closely together to tackle key problems, realize domestic internet as soon as possible, establish a national foreign trade special information network, and then realize networking with international business information networks such as the United Nations Trade Information Network, and strive to technically support the rapid development of e-commerce in China.

4. Formulate and issue a plan for developing e-commerce as soon as possible.

Trade regulations. In order to promote the development of e-commerce, we should speed up the revision of existing laws and the formulation of new laws around network management, information management, financial settlement, intellectual property protection and other related issues, so as to provide a relatively loose and safe legal guarantee and external environment for the development of e-commerce. Strengthen international cooperation and integrate into the mainstream of the international e-commerce era as soon as possible. With the rapid development of e-commerce, countries all over the world are increasingly aware of its importance in future international trade. At the same time, however, there are many problems to be solved in e-commerce, such as tariffs, unified business codes, and intellectual property protection. To solve these problems, no country can rely on it alone, and all countries need to strengthen dialogue and cooperation. Since1April 1997, the first annual international e-commerce conference was held in Bonn, Germany, the international e-commerce conference has been held many times. These dialogue activities not only directly affect the formulation of new trade rules under e-commerce, but also determine the distribution of benefits between different countries and regions, and also strengthen the exchanges among countries in the world and improve the international compatibility of e-commerce among countries, which our government should pay full attention to. 5. Cultivate e-commerce talents in China. The implementation of e-commerce is a huge social system engineering, which involves the construction of information infrastructure, the standardization of data construction and processing, the connection, use, management and maintenance of value-added networks, and many industries such as trade, customs, industry and commerce, taxation and transportation, not to mention the cultivation of e-commerce talents by enterprises and individuals directly engaged in business activities, including not only technical talents of e-commerce, but also the cultivation of e-commerce business. Whether it is the determination and expansion of e-commerce, or the determination of its organizational structure and the formulation of rules and regulations. , is decided by all parties (government, industry associations, management agencies, etc.). ) Under the corresponding historical environment, technology and cultural background.

Four. Concluding remarks

From the above summary, it can be seen that overcoming various obstacles is the biggest challenge for the development of e-commerce in China. E-commerce is developing strongly in China, especially the traditional industries in China are at a critical moment of structural adjustment and further development. Seizing the opportunity of developing e-commerce, striving for time and shortening the gap is the only way for China to quickly enter the information economy era and strive to catch up with the advanced level in the world.

References:

1. Yang Qianli, Wang Yumin, etc. Practice of electronic commerce technology. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press.

2. Editor-in-Chief Fang Meiqi. Introduction to electronic commerce. Second edition. Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 2002.