Eight Poems of Yongzhou Tour Guides

Dear friends, I think you have admired Liu Zongyuan's Eight Chapters of Yongzhou for a long time, so you came not far from Wan Li. Today, I will be the host and show you beautiful scenery.

Our first stop is Liu Zi Ancient Street. Just like the stormy history, the houses on both sides of the road are as old as history. But despite the age, it has kept the original appearance of the building more truly. Here, there is no noise, everything is leisurely. The narrow long street extends to the depths of the house and history at will in grandpa's stumbling steps and grandma's clumsy needle and thread. Time is as gentle and quiet as running water for them. So let's slow down and cross just visiting, shall we? Listen carefully. On this smooth and undulating bluestone road, can you vaguely hear Liu Zi's footsteps and his chanting? One level, one level, one level, one level, just like the rhyme of a poem, in this long and ancient street, the whole rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River has been wetted. There are wooden diaojiao buildings on both sides, potted plants in front of the door, and lush flowers always escape from the Woods on the second floor. The structure of diaojiao building is different from that of Xiangxi, with a wooden house in the middle and stone walls on both sides. Therefore, the fire in the first hospital will not harm the city neighbors.

Liuzi Temple, built by Yongzhou people to commemorate Gong Liu, is located in the center of Liu Zi Street, facing Yuxi and facing Xishan. You can see a pile of high courtyard walls inlaid with three arches in front of the temple. There is a large bluestone embedded in the upper end of the main entrance, engraved with the traditional Chinese characters of "Liuzi Temple" and five dragons and two lions. Do you see the stone couplets on both sides? "Landscape, Huang Jiao Dan Li; Reward in the spring and autumn, and a lifetime of blessings. " This is written by Hanyang, the magistrate of Yongzhou in the early years of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, and contains the beautiful sentences in Li Zi Bei written by Han Yu. The right door is titled "Clear Camp" and the left door is titled "Show Car". Willow green, bamboo luxuriant and Yuxi clean in front of the door form a beautiful picture; Opposite the main hall is a stage with two eaves and eight columns. The unicorn and phoenix carved in wood at the upper end of the eaves column are finely carved and beautifully shaped. There are porcelain gourds and clay anchovies on the top of the platform.

Walking into the temple, there is a flat land in the middle, and some pines and cypresses are planted on the left and right sides respectively. Walking through the flat ground and climbing the stairs, there are four rooms with the main wing and the left and right wings. The doors are all red paint. Due to the age, many red paints have already fallen off, showing mottled traces, and the color is no longer bright red. This is a long-forgotten text, wandering quietly in the wing. As you can see, these are just some yellow manuscripts, stating Gong Liu's life stories and poems. Let's walk lightly and feel his breath. In that smoky era, he was here, watching the fallen flowers at the door and the sunshine outside the window.

Standing in front of the wing and looking back at the temple gate, you will find that the top of the gate is an ancient stage. Wooden railings, wooden floors. There are eight immortals crossing the sea under the cornices on both sides. Skirts fluttering, smiling like flowers, all beautifully carved, fine and bright. At the beginning, if Liu Zongyuan has a leisurely mood, what kind of indifferent and lonely feelings would it be to quietly watch the life on the stage under such an ancient stage?

The main hall is spacious and towering. We can see the white marble willow statue in the temple. He looks lonely, standing alone, thinking quietly. Is he sad for his unfortunate experience of being relegated and living in a foreign land for a long time? Or are you feeling the endless loneliness that you can't display your political talents because of persecution? These are all unknown to the world. Painted paintings are carved on the walls on both sides of the stone statue, and the figures of him and his friends are hidden in the thin streamline, which makes future generations cry. On the back wall of the temple, there are calligraphy by Huai Su's "Wild Grass, Dragon and Phoenix Dance, Flying" and other famous schools, and the wall is colorful. However, the most precious thing should be the four "Lizi tablets" inscribed by Su Dongpo, who is known as the three wonders of the world. "Three Essentials" means that Han Yu remembers Liu Ziwen's and Su Dongpo's calligraphy and Liu Zongyuan's virtue. The most classic in this article is this sentence: "Apes sing in spring and cranes fly in autumn", which disrupts our reading habits, causes the dislocation of time sequence, forms psychological waves and brings new aesthetic pleasure. Liuzi Temple was built in the third year of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, namely 1056. At that time, it was named "Liu Zihou Ancestral Temple", which was rebuilt in the 14th year of Shaoxing in Southern Song Dynasty and the 8th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty. The existing temples were rebuilt in the third year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, namely 1877, with a history of 120 years.

During Liu Zongyuan's exile in Yongzhou, he was angry, sad and lonely. He didn't like the ugliness of officialdom, so he turned his eyes to the beautiful mountains and rivers of Yongzhou to discover the true meaning of beauty. Out of the gate of Liuzi Temple, you can see an ancient bridge with relief on it and Yuxi flowing under it. Yuxi was originally named Ran Xi, because a family named Ran Xi lived by the stream. There is also a saying that it was originally named Dyeing Stream, because the stream is clear and can be dyed with cloth. In the fifth year of Yuanhe, that is, in 8 10, Liu Zi found this place and moved out of the city. First, she bought a house in Yu Qiu, then settled down in the southeast bank of Ran Xi, and lived a life of "being a Yongzhou native". After Liu Zi settled in Ranxi, he changed his name to Yuxi. At the beginning of buying a house, Liu Zi skillfully laid out eight scenic spots, such as streams, mountains, springs, ponds, halls, pavilions and islands, in the name of eight fools, and wrote eight poems of fools. Preface to Yuxi Poetry is the preface of these eight poems. It's a pity that poetry has been lost, but the preface has survived. Then we can't help asking: Why did Liu Ziyuan change Ran Xi into Yuxi? Why is Yuxi "stupid"? There is no such thing as virtuous stupidity, just beyond common sense. Starting with the two uncommon words "stupid" and "flow", Liu Zi discusses the stupidity of flow and the details of stupid flow in combination with the whole article. But he got a philosophy of life from the understanding of convection's stupidity and his own stupidity. Liu Zi said that the name of this stream was Ran Xi or Ran Xi, and its name could not be determined. In addition, Liu Zi's Love is a Stream, if you live here, you can't be anonymous. So how do you name this stream? Liu Zi came here because he thought he had committed a crime because of stupidity. In ancient times, there was a place called Gong Yugu. Why doesn't he just call this stream Yuxi? So I set things right, and since then, this stream has been immortalized in Liu Zi's articles. In fact, you can see that stupid stream is crystal clear, just like a small jasper in the south of the Yangtze River, with soft aquatic plants swaying in it, but it is much like Cambridge written by Xu Zhimo, perhaps with more charm, but it is only kept in a boudoir and unknown. Fortunately, when I met the post, I should know enough about this stream.

There is Yuxi, and Liu Zi named the mountain she bought Yu Qiu. There are six springs at the foot of the mountain, named Yu Qiu. The small ditch leading to the springs is called Yugou, and the pond formed by intercepting the springs is called Fish Pond. There is a jade hall in the east of the pool and a pavilion in the south. An island in the pool is called Fishing Island. Just follow Liu Zi's temper and be "stupid" to the end. This landscape named after "Stupid" continuously has not only various mountain ponds and pavilions, but also fine trees and strange rocks, forming a very pleasant stream in Liu Ziyu.

Liu Zi thinks there are three points of ignorance. First, its water flow is low and it can't be used to irrigate fields. Second, its current is very fast, and there are stones above the water everywhere, so big ships can't get in. Third, the river channel is hidden and remote, and the riverbed is shallow and narrow, and the dragon disdains it and cannot make rain. However, when he was in Qingming, his words and deeds often went against things, did something wrong, and were relegated. This is not just a fool. Few people are more stupid than him except this stream. It is enough to show that Liu Zi's tour of Yongzhou is not for mountains and rivers, but for expressing his inner injustice and pinning his persistent ideal of winning and retiring. It is precisely because Liu Zi, with pent-up grief and injustice, was in a remote and frustrated Yuxi, which aroused his great emotional voice, and he led Yuxi to the same tune.

Ok, now we are going to visit Cobalt Lake, one of the eight chapters in Yongzhou. The cobalt pool was discovered eight days after Liu Zi arrived in Xishan. You can see the inscription standing here with Liu Zi's Cobalt Pool on it. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Lu Luan Lu: "Crossing the Xiao River leads to Yuxi, with a temple in the pavilion and a cobalt pool beside the road. Cobalt, iron, like a pool. " The location of Xiaoshitang and Cobalt Lake is disputed by local people, but according to the description in the poem, we can still confirm that this iron is the legendary Cobalt Lake. Liu Zi said, "It's clear and flat, more than ten acres". It seems difficult to do it now. However, it is faintly visible that there was a charming scene of "trees around and springs hanging".

There used to be a fish beam 25 steps west of the cobalt pool. The place where bamboo trees grow on the beam is the west hill. Liu Zi described that "the hill is not an acre, but it can be locked up." "When he bought the hill for $400 and played with his friends, his joy was beyond words. The owner said that this is an abandoned land that cannot be sold for a long time. Liu Zijue felt that such a beautiful hill was abandoned and no one cared about it. Cheap 400 articles can't be sold, which shows that their situation has been ignored. The fate of the hill made Liu Zi, who was relegated to the southern wilderness, feel in the same boat, so he bought the hill, took tools with the weeds carved from his friends' roots, and burned the dirty grass and evil wood with fire, which made the hill look brand-new, so "the mountains are beautiful and the water is beautiful, and the bamboo dew is beautiful." After the labor, he inquired about the fruits of his own labor and found the hills naturally lovely. Therefore, the willows show the beauty of Yongzhou landscape, and Yongzhou landscape also soothes his injured soul. His expectation, his desire, all melted in this morning light and floated in the sky after 1000 years.

Not far from Xishan, Xiaoshitang is quite famous. The small stone pond, once "all-stone-based", is now sparkling. Compared with Cobalt Lake, today's Xiaoshitang looks a little light and seductive, like a affectionate girl and a crystal clear village girl. The stream is clear and the bamboo forest is swaying. We can imagine willow "sitting on a pond, surrounded by bamboo forests" and "smelling the sound of water, it seems to ring". Do you remember those fish written by Liu Zi? "There are hundreds of fish in the pool, all in vain. The sun is shining, the shadow is on the stone, and you are motionless. From a distance, it seems that you are very happy with the tourists. " Now all the fish in the pond are their descendants, and they still welcome you wholeheartedly. Look at that carefree gesture, just like dancing a beautiful waltz for a friend!

The last stop on this street is the Xiao Jie Pavilion. Let's enjoy the scenery along the way for the time being, see the green mountains and green waters, and see the white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers. People here like to plant some flowers such as chrysanthemum, rose red and cordate telosma in the front yard and backyard. This season, when chrysanthemums are not in bloom and autumn chrysanthemums are around the bamboo fence, it is really like walking into Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. I don't know how many modern urbanites dream of this safe and quiet life.

Xiaojieting, built in the 4th year of Guangxu (1878), is 1 1m long from east to west and 7m wide from north to south. It is made of brick, stone and wood. There are four 4-meter-high octagonal stone pillars engraved with the words "the ancient well was handed down from generation to generation, and the holy spring passed through Lingling cleanly". These two earthworks are engraved with "Jing Fengzhi Watch" and "Xiao Jieting", decorated with stone relief Yunlong pattern. Unfortunately, the exhibition hall is badly damaged now, and only some broken walls can be seen. Have you noticed that there is a lettering on this wall inside, which is a legendary story about this pavilion? Some words may not be recognized because of the age. I think Mr. Yu will be embarrassed if he visits again.

Opposite us is the Western Hills. In fact, among Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, Travel Notes at the Beginning of the Western Mountain Banquet ranks first. He wrote at the beginning: "I am a person who lives in a state of anxiety." Just do it and swim for a long time. " If the original Liu Zi was a frustrated man with heavy footsteps and depressed mood, then after seeing the Western Hills, he began to indulge in landscapes and drown his sorrows by drinking, hoping to get a moment's peace and satisfaction from the beautiful scenery of nature. The western hills are tall and straight, with extraordinary verve, integrated with the universe and boundless; It has nothing to do with the creator, and there is no ultimate. If most of his poetic achievements were in Yongzhou, and the landscape of Yongzhou made his poetic achievements, then Xishan should be regarded as indispensable. It lit a fuse in the heart of a scholar who longed for the soul, and his inspiration was out of control.

Let's walk back along the other side of the river. We will visit two scenic spots in Yongzhou, Yuxi snow viewing and Chaoyang rising.

The bridge where Yuxi flows into the small water mouth is called Yuxi Bridge. It is said that Xu Xiake, a Ming Dynasty geomorphologist, once stayed here. In 1980s, due to the need of urban construction, this wider and larger single arch stone bridge was built next to Yuxi Bridge when Pingyang South Road was expanded. Legend has it that when the moon is full on August 15, you can see two moons in the water from the bridge. The scenery of Yuxi at Qiaotou varies from season to season. In the deep winter, the snow is falling, the water and the sky are the same, the rocks on both sides of the strait are towering, and Western jackdaw in the west counts. It looks like a wonderful painting, and the scenery is natural, but we missed the season. So let it go, leaving everyone with unlimited imagination, to ponder and to expect. If you really want to see the beautiful scenery, you are welcome to come in the snow season. I think Yuxi will also be moved by your brave behavior.

On the west bank of Xiaoshui, that magnificent rock is called Chaoyangyan, also called Xiyan. You see, there are steep cliffs, pine and cypress branches hanging down, green trees and vines crawling with twists and turns. Ancient cave under the cliff, the cave is eastward; Cliff waist embedded in a pavilion, glass octagonal. Every time the rising sun rises, golden sunlight shines on cliffs and pavilions, which will be colorful and picturesque. Known as the "rising sun" and one of the "eight scenic spots in Yongzhou". Anyone who travels to Yongzhou will be deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery of Chaoyangyan. However, who knows 1250 years ago, it was still a backcountry with thorns and vines. Can have such a high popularity and unique charm today, thanks to the insight of Jie Yuan, the secretariat of Daozhou. Because of Yuan Jie's accidental discovery, the boulder by Xiaoshui River no longer listens to the sound of the waves alone; Because of its affinity with the Yuan Dynasty, it has become a scene in Yongzhou, and it is also a beautiful scenery that attracts celebrities and poets of past dynasties.

There are still four chapters in the Eight Chapters of Yongzhou that are not here. Let's drive to get to know them one by one.

In the autumn of the seventh year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (8 12), Liu Zongyuan visited Yuanjiajie, Shiqu, Shi Jian in the southern suburbs of Yongzhou and Xiaoshicheng Mountain in the northwest suburbs, and wrote the last four notes of eight chapters of Yongzhou's famous works-Yuanjiajie, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Xiaoshicheng Mountain.

Shi Jian is located in the south of Yongzhou, also known as Nanjian. In the eyes of ordinary people, this is a very unusual stone stream, which has neither the taste of dangerous rocks nor the scenery of rapids and waterfalls. However, in Liu Zi's eyes, because of his emotional input and unique insight, all the small stone flows are not a scene, and every scene is wonderful. The stream is spread across the bottom of the stone, the flowing water surface is like a pattern on a brocade, and the gurgling sound of running water is like a jumping piano rhyme, which is pleasing to the ear and fascinating. Because of the powerful charm of rocks and water in Shixi, Liu Zi also took off his clothes and went to the water for fun. "Climbing the mountain is affectionate, and watching the sea is affectionate." Liu Zi returned to pure childlike innocence in the flowing and lively underwater sound, forgetting the rugged road of the official and the bitterness of the world. This is a very gratifying thing.

In The Story of Yuan Jiake, Liu Zi once said: "Traveling ten miles southwest, the scenery is desirable, and there is nothing wrong with it." Out of Xikou, on land, it is desirable in 89, just like Xishan. From the southeast of Chaoyangyan to Wujiang, it is desirable to be three, which is a thirst for Yuan family: it is always beautiful and beautiful. " Now, let's see why Yuan Jiake can get such praise from Liu Zi. Quietly flowing streams, upright stones in the water, flowers, grass, trees and trees growing silently in every corner are all immersed in tender memories, recalling the fortitude and shyness that Liu Zi accidentally discovered. Liu Zi described the wind blowing through vegetation and turbulent water, but it stood firm against the wind and waves alone. At that moment, Liu Zi was infected by this spirit and felt that he should keep his inner independence in the political storm. From then on, Yuanjia's thirsty memory stood in his life as a tree, supporting Liu Zi through this journey.

A stone canal is a waterway made of stones. There is a bridge on it, the style is simple, and the name of the bridge has been covered by creeping weeds. Liu Zi expressed her lonely and determined character through the flowing water in the stone canal, and showed her determination not to be discouraged or decadent in adversity. The trickle nourishes swimming fish, strange trees, strange grass and beautiful bamboo with the plasma of its own life, shining with beautiful light. Wind blows vegetation, which is a very common sight, but it blends with the winding and spacious valleys around it, which can produce a turbid and empty echo, so that when the wind stops in Lin Jing, the echo still echoes in the distant mountains, melodious and lingering. This is the creation of nature and the unique landscape of the stone canal. It brings people into a deep and ethereal space, listening attentively, even ethereal and bright. The dust in the platform was washed away by the gurgling water, and the noise of the world was blown away by the mountain wind in the empty valley. Are there any yoga practitioners who feel as empty as this on the platform?

Finally, our final destination is Koishiyama. Now it is invested and developed by Li Ji Investment Co., Ltd. of Tianmei International Group, and it has not been completed yet. We still have a chance to see the original appearance of this mountain. The rocks are tall and straight, and the beautiful trees and bamboo on the mountain are covered up, which is a bit like an elaborate structure. However, these are hidden in this wild land and have not been discovered for thousands of years. Is it just to wait for the arrival of Liu Zi? This spiritual mountain has brought a lot of inspiration to Liu Zi. This is not a mountain, the rugged rock is clearly a castle, but it is independent of the world. The cliff is green and surrounded by pine trees. Climb to the top of the mountain and you can see the inside of the room. Ok, now let's go climbing together.

Conclusion:

Today's journey is over. I'm glad to be with you today. On September 8 next year, let's clink glasses and talk about mulberry and hemp again.