Historical evolution of Lu'an Tiantangzhai

Tiantianzhai was called Hengshan Mountain in ancient times, also known as Duoyun Mountain. It is the second highest peak in the Dabie Mountains. It stands majestically at the junction of the main peaks of the Dabie Mountains in Anhui and Hubei. Since ancient times, it has been a battleground for military strategists, a place where emperors visited and celebrities visited. The "Five Hegemons" competed for supremacy, and Western Anhui was in the land of "Wu's head and Chu's tail", and Tiantangzhai was known as "the first pass in the southeast of Wu and Chu". According to verification, the first military garrison and the first Fenghuo Tower in Tiantang Village were built by the Chu State. The Wu-Chu Jianghuai War lasted for nearly a hundred years, and there are more than 20 major battles recorded in historical records.

In 570 BC, Chuzi attacked Wu again and defeated Jiumo, which reached this point. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang resisted the Yuan Dynasty and sent fellow Jinshi Cheng Lun into the Dabie Mountains to organize the Western Rebel Army. Fu Gao, a righteous citizen of Duoyun Mountain, led the crowd to respond and rebuilt Tiantang Village in Duoyun Mountain in 1277. Later, the army was defeated and disintegrated. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, local cloth dealer Xu Shouhui, Jiangxi monk Peng Yingyu, and Macheng blacksmith Zou Pusheng led merchants to rebel against the Yuan Dynasty, pushed Xu Zhumeng, and rebuilt Tiantangzhai in 1351. They gathered tens of thousands of people and rose up, known as the "Red Turban Army." In August of the same year, he took Luotian, conquered Xishui, and proclaimed himself emperor Qingquan Temple. The country was named "Tianwan" and Jianyuan was "Zhiping". The momentum was so great that it swept through several southeastern provinces, separatizing one side and proclaiming himself emperor for 11 years. The ruins left in Tiantangzhai such as Tiantang, Zoumanchang, Zaoqianao, Xiaoyao Palace, Invincible Monument, and Shenganggang are still vaguely identifiable. In the early Ming Dynasty, Duoyun Inspection Department was set up and troops were stationed for defense.

In 506 BC, the great military strategist Sun Wu led the Wu army to sweep across western Anhui, and smoke broke out in Tiantangzhai. Wu Guo won five battles and five victories and ruled western Anhui for 33 years. The King of Wu used bronze to make weapons and swords here. There are still "sword splitting stones" and "sword dancing" in Tiantangzhai. The Wu halberd was unearthed in Huoshan in 1980, with the inscription "Gong Yu Wanggu made the halberd from the ban". "Zheban" refers to Zhufan, and there is no doubt that Wu Wang Zhufan Ge. Qu Yuan climbed the Dabie Mountains on his way to Shouchun. Along the way, he worried about the country and the people. When he passed Tiantangzhai, he was so worried that he wrote the famous poem "Heavenly Questions". This is a wonderful article about the celestial body, the heaven, the country, the country, and the country. It explains the development and changes of all things in the universe according to the theory of heaven and earth. It has set up an unworthy monument in the history of Chinese literature. Nowadays, the military garrison where Wu and Chu fought for hegemony have long been destroyed by war, and it is difficult to verify the changes in the beacon tower site. However, in order to commemorate Qu Yuan, the people of Dabie Mountain named a huge human-shaped cliff to the west of Tiantangzhai Observation Deck as "Qu Yuan Asked the Sky". There are also a group of Beacon Rocks, Luobi Peak, Scissors Rock, Shutong Zhuizhu, Book Box Rock, etc. nearby. The landscapes related to Qu Yuan vividly and vividly convey the patriotic sentiments of the great poet Qu Yuan. In 1996, CCTV's "Light of Chinese Civilization" program reviewed the historical fact of Qu Yuan's inspection of Fengchun.

In 21 BC, the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms and implemented the system of prefectures and counties. Western Anhui belonged to Jiujiang County. When Chu and Han were fighting, Xiang Yu made Yingbu the king of Jiujiang. Duliu, the city site of "Liu" is today's ancient city of Liu'an West, which is a key cultural relic protection unit in the province. In the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty, Yingbu surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Liu Bang named Yingbu King of Huainan, and his capital was still at Liu. Wang Ding, the supervisor of the Henan Army, took Tiantang Village as the center and contacted other villages between the Jianghuai and Huaihe Rivers. It was known as the Seventy-two Jianghuai Villages and carried out the anti-Qing struggle for several years. After the Qing troops entered the customs, the peasant hero Ma Chaozhu also used Tiantangzhai as a base to gather people to fight against the Qing Dynasty, and used a fan-shaped stone cave in the southeast corner of Tiantangzhai as a meeting hall. In 1861, Chen Yucheng and Lai Wenguang joined the Nian Army Gong Deshu's troops. In order to save the crisis in Anqing, they fought a fierce battle with the Qing army general Zeng Guofan's troops near Heishidu. After three days of bloody fighting, the Tiantangzhai area became a fortress fought over by the Taiping Army and the Qing Army. At that time, Hubei Governor Hu Linyi commented on Tiantangzhai, "This mountain can be used to secure Hubei and Anhui outside. If you work hard to manage it and keep it well-defended, you will have the unstoppable power of Chenopodium quinoa in normal times. You can temporarily gain the power of building a high-rise building. The center can operate alone, and the benefits are endless." ”

In 1641, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, peasant soldiers such as Ma Shouying, Luo Rucai, and He Yilong who were active in the Dabie Mountains joined forces with Zhang Xianzhong and stormed Tiantangzhai. Sun Daqi led 100,000 soldiers and civilians on a cloudy inspection. The mountain is naturally dangerous, so we must defend Tiantang Village. The peasant army could not attack for a long time, so they besieged it for a long time, until the food in the stronghold ran out, and there was a great epidemic, and both the soldiers and the people died. In the village, people died of hunger all over the place, with piles of bones, so it was called the "Hungry Death Embankment". The ruins can still be examined. In 1646, Wang Ding, the former supervisor of the Henan Army of the Ming Dynasty, who returned to his hometown of Daheyanhulunao in Luotian, came out to organize the anti-Qing rebels. He was named Minister of the Ministry of War by Emperor Yongli and governor of Fengyang Rebels. With Tiantangzhai as the center, Wang commanded the rebel army to fight in more than ten states and counties in three provinces of Hubei, Henan and Anhui for four or five years, making Tiantangzhai famous. In 1752, farmer Ma Chaozhu launched an uprising of White Lotus sect members in Tiantangzhai, which shocked Huguang. The foundation of Majia's house in the mountain still exists. From 1859 to 1864, Tiantangzhai became a strategic location for the Taiping Rebellion and the Qing army and militia. Hu Linyi, the governor of Huguang at that time, said of this mountain: "It can consolidate Hubei from the inside and map Anhui from the outside. It can be managed vigorously and well-defended. Then it usually has the power of not harvesting quinoa, but temporarily it has the power of building a high-rise building, and the center can move alone, and the benefits are endless." The Red Army, the Anti-Japanese Guerillas, the New Fourth Army, and the People's Liberation Army led by the Communist Party of China, such as Gao Junting, Zhang Tixue, Liu Min, and Liao Peng, often went in and out of Tiantangzhai and fought flexibly. The revolutionary struggle in the Dabie Mountains was in full swing. In 1929, the Lixia Festival and Liuhuo uprisings broke out in the northern foothills of the Dabie Mountains. Two workers' and peasants' red armies were born. Tiantangzhai became an important part of the Hubei, Henan, and Anhui revolutionary base areas. After the Red Army went north to resist Japan, the red flag in the Dabie Mountains did not fall and they carried out an arduous guerrilla war.

In 1947, Liu and Deng’s armies marched southward into the Dabie Mountains, and Tiantangzhai returned to the embrace of the people.

In 1948, Liu and Deng's headquarters were transferred to Jiuzihe. In March, Chen Xilian, Yan Hongyan and others chaired the Jiuzihe Conference to study and maintain the strategic deployment of the Dabie Mountain base area. Tiantangzhai has become a national forest park, a key scenic spot, a national nature reserve, and a famous tourist attraction. Since 1994, Tiantangzhai has successively compiled the "Master Plan for Tiantangzhai", "Plan for Tiantangzhai National Forest Park" and "Plan for Tiantangzhai Scenic Area". In 2002, Tiantangzhai was approved as a provincial-level tourism poverty alleviation experimental zone. The ancient and beautiful mountain village will become a bright pearl on the golden tourist route of the Dabie Mountains with its mysterious and unique charm.

On June 21, 2010, the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce made a reexamination ruling and revoked the tourism registration of "Tiantangzhai and Pictures" that the State Trademark Office had awarded to the state-owned Luotian Tiantangzhai Forest Farm in Hubei Province. trademark. The ruling held that the names of tourist attractions should be regarded as a public resource for services such as travel arrangements and should not be monopolized by individual entities. Hubei Tiantangzhai Forest Farm and Anhui Tiantangzhai share the registered trademark "Tiantangzhai".