A brief introduction to the famous ancient pyramids in Egypt

Egypt is a very old country with many cultural relics, among which the motto is pyramid. Next, come with me to learn about the famous ancient pyramids in Egypt. Welcome to read!

A brief introduction to the pyramids of famous Egyptian monuments

Egypt is called a pyramid country. The pyramids are the representative works of ancient Egyptian civilization, the symbol of the Egyptian state and the pride of the Egyptian people. Pyramid: What does Arabic mean? Square cone? This is a stone building with a square bottom and a spire. This is the tomb of the king and queen of ancient Egypt. Because of its large scale, it looks like an isosceles triangle from all sides, similar to that in Chinese characters? Kim. Words, so the image is translated into? Pyramid? .

So far, 97 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt, the most famous of which is on the Giza Plateau in the west of Cairo, especially the Great Pyramid of Khufu, which is praised by ancient Greek travelers as the first of the seven wonders of the world. Until the completion of the Eiffel Tower in Paris in 1889, the pyramid has been the tallest building on earth for a long time in human history. In the fifth century BC, Herodotus, a famous historical character in ancient Greece, recorded the earliest witness about the pyramids handed down from generation to generation when he traveled in Egypt. According to legend, Alexander the Great, the all-powerful king of Greece and Macedonia, once entered pyramid of khufu to meditate alone after conquering Egypt. Ambitious and arrogant Napoleon left a famous saying in front of the Sphinx:? Soldiers, the history of the past 4000 years is staring at you from behind. ? He called on soldiers to explore imperial industry for him, but he was also met with false words and accused? Bombard the nose of the Sphinx. ?

Modern Egyptian archaeology was established after 1798 when France invaded Egypt. Napoleon's 170 military scholars made extensive investigations on the historical sites, customs and social life of Egypt, accumulated a large amount of data, and edited and published a collection of books and prints called Egypt. At the same time, a French officer found the Rashid stone tablet at the mouth of the Rashid River, which was deciphered by French scholar champollion, and the mystery of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics was solved. The splendid civilization of ancient Egypt shocked the west, and many European aestheticians, adventurers and antique dealers came to dig, steal and study. Undoubtedly, among many historical sites, the most striking is the pyramids. Over the past 100 years, there have been countless monographs and papers on pyramids published in the west, and news reports have emerged one after another. The mystery hanging over the pyramid has been initially cleared, and its true colors are increasingly apparent. At present, general conclusions can be drawn.

The Great Pyramid is the largest among the pyramids. It was built about 4500 years ago. Its initial height was about 48 1.3949 feet, but now it is 450 feet. It is made of about 2.3 million pieces of limestone and granite, with a total weight of 6 million metric tons, which is heavier than all buildings in London. Its appearance is covered with a layer of bright decorative stone, which makes the Great Pyramid dazzling and resplendent in the sun, hence its name.

In 820 AD, calif Almamen, the Muslim ruler of Cairo, discovered what modern archaeologists said? Mamen point? . This passage goes deep into the pyramid and connects several passages. The real entrance to the pyramid is just above Mamen Cave, about 55 feet above the ground.

Entering the Great Pyramid from the entrance, it is a downhill slope with a 26-degree angle at first, and it will encounter another uphill when going straight down; Straight down is a 350-foot downhill road leading to the bottom of the pyramid. At the end of the passage, there is a stone room 600 feet below the pyramid. Climbing the ramp is a 26-degree upward passage, and it is difficult for people to stand up straight in the passage.

After reaching the top of the ramp, it is famous? Big aisle? ; Also keep an angle of 26 degrees and climb upwards. There is also a horizontal passage under the big tunnel, which leads to the south, with a height of 3 feet 9 inches and a length of 127 feet, leading directly to the so-called? Queen's tomb? ; In the north and south, there is a ventilation hole 9 inches wide and 8 inches high. It is worth noting that these two vents are not connected with the outside of the pyramid; Nobody knows why! The Queen's Hall has been empty since the pyramids were excavated. What is the purpose of building this stone room? It is still a mystery!

The big tunnel is a big mystery! It has a floor width of 6 feet 9 inches, a wall height of 7 feet 6 inches, followed by seven layers of stones, each of which protrudes inward by 3 inches until the top is tight and the height reaches 28 feet. The length of the large tunnel is 153 feet, and the inner walls are closely connected by huge polished limestone slabs. This huge tunnel extends upward with a slope of 26 degrees, and it must bear the weight of millions of tons. This amazing architectural skill and purpose is really puzzling.

The end of the big tunnel is connected with the legendary Pharaoh's body? King's tomb? . The entrance is only 3 feet 6 inches high, so anyone who enters must bend over. There is one less than four feet in it? Qiantang? , up to 12 feet. It is about 10 foot long. There are four vertical channels horizontally. Three of them are recessed to the ground, and the fourth one only digs to the height of the entrance roof (3 feet 6 inches). A huge basalt slate 6 feet high and 9 inches thick is embedded in the groove, blocking the entrance, leaving only 2 1 inch space. According to experts, there are huge stone slabs to prevent grave robbers from invading. Slates fall from top to bottom in the groove, just like a valve, but now they have disappeared. Where did they go?

Pyramid of khufu told all kinds of strange things.

Due to the lack of historical records, many mysteries about the pyramids have long been difficult to explain, and the exploration and research on the pyramids have been developing in breadth and depth. There are all kinds of theories about the pyramids, such as scientific research, bold speculation, magical hypothesis and absurd speculation. Some mediocre people and wizards put forward all kinds of confusing and absurd theories in an attempt to lead people into the maze, unconsciously follow them and become prisoners of their religious superstition propaganda.

Here are some strange theories for your reference. The common feature of these statements is that they deny that the pyramids were built by ancient Egyptians and that they are the tombs of kings. But to connect them with God and give them mysterious colors.

Some people think: how could the ancient Egyptians reach such a high level of science and technology in such a distant age? These? Transcendental knowledge? Where did it come from? Why is there no inheritance? The Great Pyramid of Khufu was not man-made in ancient Egypt, but was built by aliens. After the completion, they returned to another planet. More advanced than the civilization on earth? Alien civilization? Always keep in touch with humans.

Others believe that pyramid of khufu was built by the lost ancestors of Atlantis. It is said that this island is located in the west of the Strait of Gibraltar in the Atlantic Ocean. It created a splendid civilization in 10,000 BC. What happened afterwards? A miserable day and night? The island suddenly sank to the bottom of the sea. Scientists on the island left long ago. Some people set up a science center in Egypt with scientific and technological information, and built the pyramid of khufu with reference to the temple on the island, hiding all their scientific knowledge in the internal structure of the tower.

Some people think that a Berber tribe living at the foot of Atlas Mountain in Africa built the pyramid of khufu. It is said that the ancient Sahara was fertile and rich in products, and several tribes lived there. Later, the land gradually turned into a desert, and the tribes moved eastward to the Nile Valley. The Sheikh became the king of Egypt. They used tribal magic to build the pyramids. After that, they thought that mankind would encounter a dark period, so the tribes immediately evacuated to all parts of the world, and one of them moved to Atlas Mountain.

Some people even think: What are the stones in the pyramids? Artificial? , is a mixture of limestone and shells, similar to the concrete pouring now.

In addition, some people think that pyramid of khufu is not a mausoleum, but the foothold of aliens coming to the earth and a stop in the lower world of the gods; It is the first secret temple in human history, and a warehouse stores important documents from the beginning to the end of the world in history; It is an observatory, used to observe the sky, understand the movement of stars and make up for the future; It is a multifunctional measuring instrument, which can be used for surveying and mapping a large number of land, and can calculate the time, and it is determined that there are 365.2422 days in a year.

It is also said that the real funeral palace of Khufu in the pyramid has not been discovered. There is a complete underground city under the three pyramids in Giza, and the vertical and horizontal streets connect all the pyramids on the ground. Only a special voice can tell him to open the door of the underground city. Once the city gate and Khufu's burial palace are discovered, amazing things will be presented to people?

The sphinx? Sphinx?

The ancient Egyptians worshipped lions very much. They think that lions are the embodiment of power, so the ancient Egyptian pharaohs put the Sphinx outside their graves as a patron saint. The famous Sphinx is located in Giza, west of Cairo, south of the Hafula Pyramid, about 350 meters away from pyramid of khufu. The sphinx is also called. Sphinx? What does it mean in Arabic? Father of terror? It is 73 meters long, over 2 1 meter high and 5 meters wide on the face. Its head is carved into the image of Pharaoh Hafula. Legend has it that the sphinx often lets passers-by guess its riddles, and those who can't guess will be hurt. The sphinx is magnificent, with a solemn expression and staring into the distance. When the Turks attacked Egypt, they targeted the Sphinx's nose and beard. The nose and beard that were knocked off are now in the British Museum in London.

If you come to the Sphinx, don't leave until evening. After sunset, there will be sound and light performances here, representing the long history of ancient Egypt.

Acousto-optic performance

Acousto-optic performance venue is located opposite the Sphinx of Giza Pyramid, and is away from Aberg Hotel in Manau 1km. There are two acousto-optic performances here every night, which are interwoven with sound and light to show the early civilization of mankind. This kind of performance under the pyramid can make people have infinite reverie. In order to make it easier for tourists to understand the performance, it is explained in different languages every day, and English and French are used on Mondays; Tuesday is French and Italian; Wednesday is English and French; Thursday is Arabic and English; Friday is English and French; Saturday is English and Spanish; Sunday is French and German.

The most popular tourist attractions in Egypt

Aswan dam

Aswan Dam, the symbol of Aswan City, cannot be ignored. It lasted 10 years and cost about 10 billion dollars. The output voltage of power supply in Cairo and the Nile Delta increased to 500,000 volts. The height of the dam is11m, the length is 3830m, and the width is 40m. The Nile is cut off, so that the river flows back 500km, forming an artificial lake with a storage capacity of164 billion cubic meters. It can calm the flood and store enough surplus water for many years. In the 1980s, there was a severe drought in the Nile valley, and famines occurred in Sudan and Ethiopia, but Egypt was spared from the dam. At the east end of the dam, there is a viewing platform, where you can watch the dam and the water landscape.

Aswan Dam was first built in 1898? Built in 1902, by the 1960s, the dam could no longer meet the needs of land irrigation and power supply, so the Egyptian government began to build the current dam 6 kilometers upstream of the old dam and completed it in 197 1. The original intention of the dam is based on the traditional concept of flood control and agricultural water conservancy management: to control the flow of the Nile so that it will not be waterlogged in abundant seasons and dry in short seasons, and at the same time increase the area of agricultural cultivated land, improve the structure of agricultural products and increase the output of food and cash crops. Hussein, Director of the General Office of the Ministry of Engineering and Water Resources of Egypt? In an interview with Xinhua News Agency, Dr. Attafi said that the Aswan Dam has brought great economic and social benefits to Egypt for more than 30 years. After the completion of the dam, the annual wheat field with an annual increase of 700,000 Fedan (1 Fedan is about 6.3 mu) in the Nile Valley was transformed into a two-season field, and the agricultural output was significantly improved. In addition, since the dam was built more than 30 years ago, the arable land in the Nile valley and delta has increased by 2 million Fedan.

Opening hours: 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Sharm el-Sheikh

Sharm el-Sheikh is located at the southern tip of Sinai Peninsula, near the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It was uninhabited for a long time in history. From 1967 to 1982, it was occupied by Israel and returned to Egypt according to the Camp David Agreement.

Sharm el-Sheikh is a famous tourist resort, which is surrounded by mountains and seas, and the two gold coasts of Suez Bay and Aqaba Bay meet here. There are soft beaches, warm sea water and plenty of sunshine all year round. The most fascinating scenery is the coral reef waters of the Red Sea, where there is almost no pollution. The Red Sea has the most suitable environment for coral growth. There are more than 200 kinds of coral reefs and living corals here, and many kinds of marine animals and plants inhabit coral reefs. The wonders of the sea floor are strange. Thousands of tourists from all over the world come here for sightseeing every year. There are also diving exploration, windsurfing, beach cross-country and other tourism projects. Sharm el-Sheikh has an international airport, many hotels and tourist villages, and receives nearly 2 million tourists from all over the world every year.

Roman theatre

Alexander Roman Theatre was built in the 2nd century AD, with 14 rows of white marble seats, which can accommodate about 800 spectators. The mosaic floor in the aisle in front of the performance venue is still faintly visible. There used to be an indoor theater with a round roof, but now there are only a few columns left. Nowadays, operas based on Egyptian or Greek legends are often performed here.

Egyptian Museum of History

The Egyptian Museum of History is the most important and largest museum in this country. This is a special exhibition of ancient Egyptian Pharaoh's cultural relics. There are150,000 antiques here, which show the phenomenon of ancient Egyptian civilization and scientific progress. After visiting this museum, you will have a deep understanding of the culture, art and customs of ancient Egypt in the Pharaoh's era.

There are some unique cultural relics in this museum, including all the funerary objects of the young Pharaoh, the totem Carmen, the golden coffin, the Jin Mianju, the throne and so on. There are many pharaoh's mummies in this museum, among which Ramesses II is the most historic one.

The Egyptian Museum is amazing, not only because the cultural relics inside are thousands of years old, but also because even the stone statues placed everywhere outside are thousands of years old, and there are too many cultural relics in Egypt. This museum was built by the British more than/kloc-0.00 years ago, so it is a cultural relic in itself. Of course, compared with the history of thousands of years, the museum of 100 years is very young. In the middle of the lotus pond, the growers represent papyrus in the north. Papyrus is worshipped because its leaves radiate in the sun and its stems are triangular (that is, pyramidal). In the outer circle, growers represent water lilies in the south. Egyptian water lilies are different from those in China, with slender petals, much like the scattered sun, so we must worship them.

There were folding beds and folding parasols in Egypt four or five thousand years ago. Isn't it amazing? What is even more surprising is that the hinges used in folding beds are exactly the same as those we use today, except that they are made of copper. The principle of folding umbrella is the same as today's, except that the ancient umbrella was bigger. What a clever Egyptian, what a magical ancient civilization.

Pharaoh village

Located on an island on the Nile River in Cairo, covering an area of about 200 mu, it is the first Egyptian ambassador to China, Hassan? After discovering the lost papyrus papermaking technology of 1000, Dr. Radzab raised funds to build it in 1984. A large number of papyrus are planted in the village, and workshops make papyrus and draw papyrus paintings by traditional methods. There are temples, manors, farmers and other buildings in Pharaoh's village, and people wearing ancient costumes demonstrate the scenes of production, home and religious ceremonies at that time, showing the economic and social life of ancient Egyptians thousands of years ago. There are models of the famous Pharaoh Tutankhamun's mausoleum and pyramid construction method, as well as photo studios, restaurants and shops.

The Nile

The Nile originates from the Ethiopian Plateau and flows through Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Zaire, Sudan and Egypt, with a total length of 6,700 kilometers. It is the largest river in Africa and the second longest river in the world, with a navigable water area of about 3,000 kilometers. There are two rivers on the Nile, which come from the mountainous area of Burundi in the west and flow northward through Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa. It is called the White Nile. The east source comes from Lake Tana in the Ethiopian Plateau, which is called the Blue Nile. The Blue Nile and the White Nile meet in Khartoum, Sudan, and then flow into Egypt.

The Nile valley and delta are the cradle of Egyptian culture and one of the cradles of world culture. The length of the Nile in Egypt is 1530 km, and a valley with a width of 3- 16 km is formed on both banks. After arriving in Cairo, it divides into two tributaries and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. These two tributaries alluvial to form the Nile Delta, covering an area of 24,000 square kilometers. This is the most densely populated and fertile area in Egypt, with a population of 96% and cultivated land accounting for two-thirds of the country's cultivated land. Almost all the water in Egypt comes from the Nile. According to the agreement signed by nine countries in the Nile valley, Egypt enjoys an annual share of 55.5 billion cubic meters of river water.

There are many cruise ships on the Nile River in Cairo. Among them, it is also called Pharaoh's ship, which was built after Pharaoh's ship. In the evening, you can row a boat on the river, visit the beautiful scenery on both sides, and watch the famous oriental dance performance on the boat.

king valley

The Valley of the Kings is located on the west bank of the Nile, 7 kilometers away from the shore, and can be reached from the steep mountain road at the northern end of Thebes Acropolis.

There are more than 60 imperial tombs here, where 64 pharaohs from the 17 dynasty to the 20th dynasty are buried. The largest is the tomb of Shati I of the 19 dynasty. From the entrance to the last tomb, the horizontal distance is 2 10/0m, and the vertical descending distance is 45m. Huge rock caves were dug into underground palaces, and the walls and ceilings were covered. The entrance to the tomb is often halfway up the mountain, and there is a small passage leading to the depths of the tomb. The patterns and hieroglyphs on the two walls of the passage are still very clear.

The main tombs worth visiting in the Valley of the Kings are Tutankhamun's Tomb, Ramses III and VI's Tomb and seti i's Tomb. Some tombs are generally closed to the public and are only used for academic research.

The ten most famous cultural sites in the world.

1, Kaaba (Mosque Holy Land)

2. Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal? Crown Palace? The World Heritage Site is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The Taj Mahal is considered as the highest masterpiece of Indian Muslim art, including 38 hectares of Taj Mahal and 183 hectares of Taj Mahal Forest Reserve. The most famous cultural relic in the world is also one of the wonders of the world.

3. The pyramids of Egypt

The mystery of the pyramid _ the best in the world 4. The Great Wall of China, which has nothing to say, is too familiar.

5. Angkor Wat (Great Angkor Wat)

The Great Angkor Wat is the capital of the Angkor Dynasty in the Kingdom of Zhenla, which was expanded by King Jayafman of the Khmer Kingdom in the late12nd century. Angkor Wat is square and protected by city walls and moats. The city wall is 8 meters high and there are five gates in the city.

6. Acropolis Mountain in Athens

7. National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall

Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is located in Taipei, with the perimeter of Hangzhou South Road, Zhongshan South Road, Ai Guo East Road and Xinyi Road, covering an area of 24.79 hectares. 1976( 1965) was built in memory of Chiang Kai-shek.

8. Potala Palace

9. The Statue of Liberty (located in new york, USA)

10, Sultan Ahmed Mosque

It is worth mentioning that three of these famous cultural relics came from China, which shows that China has a talent for architecture since ancient times. No wonder so many houses can be built now.

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