Similarities and differences between the Pantheon and the dome of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing

The Pantheon and the Temple of Heaven dome in Beijing are different in geographical location, shape and historical significance. The specific differences are as follows.

1. The geographical locations of the two are different

1. The Pantheon, also translated as the Pantheon, is the only fully preserved building from the Roman Empire. It was built in BC It was built in 27-25 AD by Agrippa, the son-in-law of Octavian, the first emperor of the Roman Empire, to worship the gods on Mount Olympia. It can be described as a classic building in the Augustus period.

2. The Beijing Temple of Heaven Dome is located in the south of Beijing, on the east side of Yongdingmennei Street in Dongcheng District. It covers an area of ??approximately 2.73 million square meters. The Temple of Heaven was built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), and was rebuilt during the Qianlong and Guangxu reigns of the Qing Dynasty. It is now a world cultural heritage, a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, and a national civilized scenic tourist area demonstration site.

2. The shapes of the two are different

1. The diameter of the base of the Pantheon is 43.4 meters, which is equal to the height, making the internal space very complete and compact. The lower half of the Pantheon is a hollow cylinder, starting at half its height, and the upper half is a hemispherical dome. The base of the Pantheon is 7.3 meters wide at the base, the walls and dome are up to 6 meters thick at the base, and the top of the dome is 1.5 meters thick. In order to make the decrease in the thickness of the dome wall more conducive to the stability of the Pantheon's overall building, the inner wall of the Pantheon's dome was neatly divided into five rows, and each grid was carved and recessed from top to bottom, which not only made the decrease in wall thickness more reasonable. , also adds to the aesthetics of the interior of the Pantheon.

2. The dome of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing is the general name for the two altars of the Circle and the Valley of Prayer. It has two layers of altar walls, forming an inner and outer altar. The altar walls are round in the south and north, symbolizing the round sky and the round place. The main building is the inner altar, with the Circular Mound Altar in the south and the Praying for Grain Altar in the north. The two altars are on the same north-south axis, separated by a wall in the middle. The main buildings in the Circular Mound Altar include the Circular Mound Altar, the Imperial Vault of Heaven, etc. The main buildings in the Qigu Altar include the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Hall of Emperor Qian, and the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvests.

3. The two have different historical significance

1. The Pantheon is a masterpiece of ancient Roman architectural art. The Pantheon is an example of ancient Rome's exquisite architectural techniques. It is a huge cylinder of equal width and height, covered with a semicircular roof. Many famous artists such as Raphael are buried here, as well as rulers from the Italian monarchy period. Opposite is Rotonda Square, with a beautiful fountain in the center. The Pantheon is the temple where the gods reside and has witnessed historical changes.

2. The dome of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing was imitated in Nanjing in the 18th year of Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty (1420) to build the Temple of Heaven and Earth to worship the Emperor and the Queen. At that time, the ceremony was held in the Great Sacrifice Hall. In the ninth year of Jiajing (1530), Emperor Jiajing heard from his ministers: "In ancient times, people worshiped heaven on a round hill and worshiped the earth on a square hill. Round hills are hills on the ground in the southern suburbs. The hills are round and high to resemble the sky. Square hills are , the hills in the middle of the northern suburbs, the hills go down to resemble the earth." So it was decided to worship the heaven and the earth separately, build a circular hill in the south of the main sacrificial hall to worship the sky, and build a Fangze altar outside the Anding Gate in the north city to worship the earth.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Temple of Heaven Park

Baidu Encyclopedia - Pantheon (famous building in ancient Rome)