Explain the summer solstice in detail

The summer solstice is the day with the longest day and shortest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. On the day of the summer solstice, the sunrise direction starts from the northeast and sets in the northwest in all places on the earth except the North Pole and the polar night area in the Antarctic Circle.

Around June 22 every year. The direct point of the sun is on the Tropic of Cancer, the day is the longest in the northern hemisphere, and the night is the shortest on the summer solstice.

[1] The higher the latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, the longer the day and the shorter the night, and the polar day phenomenon occurs in the Arctic Circle. The higher the latitude in the Southern Hemisphere, the longer the night and the shorter the day. The polar night phenomenon occurs in the Antarctic Circle. The farther away the Earth is from the Tropic of Cancer, the more inclined the sun's rays are and the less solar heat it receives. In contrast, the Northern Hemisphere receives more heat than the Southern Hemisphere at this time. Generally, the three months of June, July, and August are summer in the northern hemisphere, and winter is in the southern hemisphere. North of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun rises from the northeast, moves south, and sets in the northwest; south of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun rises from the northeast, moves north, and sets from the northwest. Because the entire island of Hainan is south of the Tropic of Cancer, on the summer solstice in Hainan, the sun is in the northeast at sunrise, due north at noon, and in the northwest at sunset. What we usually call the summer solstice (generally referring to the northern hemisphere) is actually the northern solstice, which is the northernmost moment when the sun is directly shining. It is a moment, not a day. In fact, if you look carefully at the calendar, you will find that all solar terms have an accurate time. This is the reason. But it is customary for us to call the whole day including this moment in our time zone the summer solstice. During the "summer solstice" season, the sun almost shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, which is the highest latitude the sun can reach in the northern hemisphere in a year. , is also the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, and the days get longer the further north you go. After this day, the sun's direct position gradually moves southward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually become shorter. The "summer solstice" is the day when the sun is most northerly in the year, the day with the longest sunshine in the northern hemisphere, and the day when the daytime exceeds the nighttime by the most. However, the daytime length in various places shows an increasing trend from south to north. This is because the effect of longer days and shorter nights caused by the tilt of the earth's rotation axis becomes more obvious as it approaches two levels. Illustration of the Summer Solstice

"After eating summer solstice noodles, the day becomes shorter by a thread." This change of longer days and shorter nights is more obvious in areas with higher latitudes. So, how long is the daylight in different parts of China on this day? Yan Jiarong, an astronomy expert from the Jiangsu Astronomical Society, said that based on the sunrise and sunset times of these places on the summer solstice, the length of the day (sunset time minus sunrise time) was calculated: Mohe in the northernmost part of China has the longest day length in China. In China, the day length is 16 hours and 56 minutes; Zengmu Ansha, the southernmost border of China’s territory, is the place with the shortest day length in China, with the day length being 12 hours and 16 minutes. The difference between north and south is 4 hours and 40 minutes. Some other representative cities are: Harbin’s day length is 15 hours and 43 minutes; Beijing’s day length is 15 hours and 1 minute; Jinan’s day length is 14 hours and 40 minutes; Shanghai’s day length is 14 hours and 11 minutes; Hangzhou’s day length is 14 hours and 7 minutes; The day length in Fuzhou is 13 hours and 46 minutes; the day length in Guangzhou is 13 hours and 34 minutes; and the day length in Hong Kong is 13 hours and 30 minutes.

Edit this paragraph about summer solstice food customs

The summer solstice usually falls on June 21st or 22nd in the Gregorian calendar. The summer solstice has three meanings; one is the culmination of yin and yang energy, the other is the beginning of the bright yang energy, and the third is the northern arrival tomorrow. Therefore, it is the end. "Collection of the Seventy-Two Hours of the Moon Order" says about the summer solstice: In the middle of May, summer means falsehood, solstice, and extreme. Everything here is false and extreme. In ancient times, the summer solstice was divided into three periods: the first period is when deer antlers are released; the second period is when cicadas begin to chirp; and the third period is when pinellia is born. Although moose and deer belong to the same family, ancient people believed that one belongs to yin and the other to yang. The deer's antlers point forward, so it belongs to Yang. On the summer solstice, yin energy is strong and yang energy begins to decline, so the yang antlers begin to fall off. Because rice belongs to Yin, its horns only fall off at the winter solstice; male cicadas flutter their wings after the summer solstice because they feel the growth of Yin energy; Pinellia ternata is a Yin-loving herb, so it grows in swamps or in midsummer. He was named after being born in a paddy field. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were rituals to worship gods during the summer solstice, which was believed to eliminate plague, famine and hunger in the country. The custom of celebrating the Summer Solstice Festival has existed since the Han Dynasty. "Wenchang Miscellaneous Records" of the Song Dynasty: Starting from the summer solstice, all officials have a three-day holiday. "History of the Liao" records the etiquette: On the day of the summer solstice, it is called the Chao Festival. Women wear colorful fans and give them powdered fat bags as gifts. Worshiping ancestors during the Summer Solstice is commonly known as "making the summer solstice". In addition to the regular offerings, a plate of cattail cakes is also added. In some places, wheat paste roasting (a kind of flour made into a paste and spread into a very thin flatbread in a pot) is offered to cooks and ancestors. There are also people who roll the dough into pancakes, bake them and stuff them with vegetables, beans, tofu, etc. to worship their ancestors. The summer solstice is one of the "four seasons" of the year, marking the arrival of midsummer. Just like counting nine from the winter solstice, we also count "summer nine nine" from the summer solstice. There are many versions of "Xia Jiujiu". The one that best reflects the climate characteristics of most parts of China is the "Summer Solstice Jiujiu Song" on the beam of a Yuwang Temple in Laohekou City, Hubei Province: The summer solstice enters the first nine, and the feather fan is in the hand; One-eighteen, take off your hat and wear gauze; Three-nine-twenty-seven, sweating when you go out; Four-nine-thirty-six, roll up a mat and sleep in the open air; Five-nine-forty-five, look like a tiger in the hot autumn; Six-nine-fifty-four, enjoy the cool air Enter the temple; on the 79th and 63rd, touch the bedside sheets; on the 89th and 72nd, look for quilts at midnight; on the 99th and 81st, open the cupboard and take out cotton-padded clothes. When the summer solstice approaches, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have generally entered the rainy season. During the rainy season, there are high temperatures, high humidity, and little sunshine, which is the season of high incidence of crop diseases and insect pests.

"Jingchu Suishiji" says that on the summer solstice, the ashes burned with chrysanthemum leaves are sprinkled on the crops, and the crops will not suffer from diseases and insect pests. The summer solstice is the longest day of the year. As the saying goes: If you are happy, you will be happy on the summer solstice; if you are sleepy, you will be sleepy on the night of the winter solstice. Mohe County is the area with the highest latitude in China. It has a polar day phenomenon in summer and the Northern Lights often appear. Mohe White Night occurs in the nine days before and after the summer solstice every year. At this time, Mohe often has clear skies, which is the best season for people to travel. Mohe County designated "Summer Solstice" as a tourism festival in 1989.

Edit the origin of this paragraph

The summer solstice is the earliest identified solar term among the twenty-four solar terms. In the seventh century BC, ancestors used Tugui to measure the shadow of the sun and determined the summer solstice. The summer solstice starts on June 21st (or 22nd) and ends on July 7th (or 8th) every year. According to the "Kezunxiandu Manuscript": "The sun reaches the north, the sun reaches the longest point, and the shadow of the sun is short, so it is called the summer solstice. The solstice is the extreme point." On the summer solstice, the sun reaches the northernmost point of the year where it shines directly on the ground. , almost directly hitting the Tropic of Cancer (23°26\' north latitude), the northern hemisphere has the longest day, and the days get longer as you go north. For example, the day length in Haikou City in Hainan is a little more than 13 hours, Hangzhou is 14 hours, Beijing is about 15 hours, and Mohe in Heilongjiang is up to more than 17 hours. After the summer solstice, the position where the sun shines directly on the ground gradually moves southward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually shorten. There is a folk saying that "if you eat summer solstice noodles, your life will be shorter every day". At this time, it is the middle of winter in the Southern Hemisphere. In ancient China, the summer solstice was divided into three periods: "The first period is when the antlers of the deer are released; the second period is when the cicadas begin to sing; and the third period is when the pinellia pinellia is born." Although moose and deer belong to the same family, the ancients believed that one belongs to yin and the other to yang. The deer's antlers point forward, so it belongs to Yang. On the summer solstice, yin energy is strong and yang energy begins to decline, so the yang antlers begin to fall off. Because rice belongs to Yin, its horns only fall off at the winter solstice; male cicadas flutter their wings after the summer solstice because they feel the growth of Yin energy; Pinellia ternata is a Yin-loving herb, so it grows in swamps or in midsummer. He was named after being born in a paddy field. It can be seen that in the hot midsummer, some yin-loving creatures began to appear, while the yang-loving creatures began to decline. Chinese folk divide the 15 days after the summer solstice into three "hours", usually three days in the first hour, five days in the middle, and seven days in the last hour. During this period, most areas in China have higher temperatures, sufficient sunshine, rapid crop growth, and greater physiological and ecological water requirements. Precipitation at this time has a great impact on agricultural output, and there is a saying that "a raindrop on the summer solstice is worth a thousand pieces of gold". In normal years, precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huanghuai region can generally meet the requirements for crop growth. "Jingchu Suishiji" records: "There will be three rains in June. The Tian family thinks it is sweet and they congratulate each other in the town." It can be seen that people had a clear understanding of the characteristics of this rainfall more than 1,000 years ago. Before and after the summer solstice, early rice in the south of the Huaihe River heads and blooms. In terms of field water management, it is necessary to have enough water for heading, moist grain filling, dry and wet, which not only meets the water needs of rice for fruiting, but also allows ventilation and root support, ensuring that it matures to old age and improves grain quality. Heavy. As the saying goes: "Don't wait until noon for planting in summer." Summer sowing work must be completed as soon as possible, and management of those that have been sown must be strengthened to strive for full seedlings. After emergence, the seedlings should be fixed as soon as possible and transplanted to fill the gaps. During the summer solstice, various farmland weeds grow as fast as crops. Not only do they compete with crops for water, fertilizer, and sunlight, but they are also hosts to a variety of pathogens and pests. Therefore, a farmer's proverb says: "If you don't hoe weeds at the edges during the summer solstice, it's like raising poisonous snakes." "Bite." Grasping tillage and hoeing is one of the most important measures to increase production during the summer solstice. Cotton has generally budded, and both vegetative and reproductive growth are flourishing. Pay attention to timely plowing, cultivating and cultivating the soil. In areas with heavy rainfall, field clearing and drainage work should be done to prevent waterlogging and storm damage. "But the summer solstice is not hot" and "the summer solstice is full of heat." Although the summer solstice means that the hot summer has arrived, it is not yet the hottest time. The temperature will continue to rise for a period of time after the summer solstice. In about twenty or thirty days, it will generally be the hottest weather. After the summer solstice, agricultural production in most areas of southern China has entered a period of field management due to the vigorous growth of crops and the rapid growth and spread of weeds, diseases and insect pests. The golden season of grass fertilizer and livestock has begun in plateau pastoral areas. At this time, the amount of rainfall in western South China increased significantly, which gradually changed the distribution pattern of more rainfall in the east and less in the west in South China to more in the west and less in the east since the beginning of spring. If there is a summer drought, it is usually expected to be relieved at this time. In the past three decades, there have been few large-scale floods in western South China in late June, but their severity has been relatively severe. Therefore, special attention should be paid to flood prevention preparations. The summer solstice is the solar term with the highest rainfall in the whole year in eastern South China. In the future, it is often controlled by the subtropical high pressure and causes drought. In order to enhance drought resistance and achieve a bumper agricultural harvest, storing rainwater before drought is an important measure in these areas.

Edit features of this paragraph

Although the day is the longest and the sun is at the highest angle on the summer solstice, it is not the hottest time of the year. Because the heat close to the surface is still accumulating at this time and has not reached its maximum. As the saying goes, "It's hot in the summer." The real hot weather is calculated based on the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn. From about mid-July to mid-August, the temperature is the highest in all parts of China, and the highest temperature in some areas can reach around 40 degrees. On the summer solstice, the sun reaches the northernmost point of the year, almost directly hitting the Tropic of Cancer (23°27’ north latitude). The daytime in the Northern Hemisphere is the longest and gets longer as you go north. For example, the day length in Haikou City in Hainan is a little more than 13 hours, Hangzhou is 14 hours, Beijing is about 15 hours, and Mohe in Heilongjiang is up to more than 17 hours. After the summer solstice, the position of direct sunlight on the ground gradually moves southward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually shorten.

"But the summer solstice is not hot" and "the summer solstice is full of heat." Although the summer solstice means that the hot summer has arrived, it is not yet the hottest time. The temperature will continue to rise for a period of time after the summer solstice. In about twenty or thirty days, it will generally be the hottest weather. After the summer solstice, the ground is heated intensely and air convection is strong. Thunderstorms are often formed from afternoon to evening. This kind of hot thunderstorm comes and goes quickly, and the rainfall range is small. People call it summer rain across Tiankan. Liu Yuxi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty who lived in the south, cleverly used this kind of weather metaphor to write a famous poem: The sun rises in the east and rains in the west, saying that there is no sunshine but there is sunshine. Chinese folk divide the 15 days after the summer solstice into three "hours", usually three days in the first hour, five days in the middle, and seven days in the last hour. During this period, most areas in China have higher temperatures, sufficient sunshine, rapid crop growth, and greater physiological and ecological water requirements. Precipitation at this time has a great impact on agricultural output. There is a saying that "a raindrop on the summer solstice is worth a thousand pieces of gold". In normal years, precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huanghuai region can generally meet the requirements for crop growth. "Jingchu Suishiji" records: "There will be three rains in June. The Tian family thinks it is sweet and they congratulate each other in the town." It can be seen that people had a clear understanding of the characteristics of this rainfall more than 1,000 years ago.

Edit this custom

Summer Solstice was also called "Summer Festival" and "Summer Solstice Festival" in ancient times. In ancient times, people worshiped gods during the summer solstice to pray for disaster relief and good harvests. "Zhou Li Chunguan" records: "On the occasion of the summer solstice, local animals will be affected by mandrills." In the Zhou Dynasty, worshiping gods during the summer solstice was meant to clear away plagues, famines and deaths from hunger. "Historical Records·Fengchan Book" records: "On the Summer Solstice, people worship the land with music and dance." The Summer Solstice is an ancient festival. In the Song Dynasty, officials had a three-day holiday on the Summer Solstice. ', women carried colorful fans and gave them powdered fat bags as gifts" ("History of the Liao Dynasty"). In the Qing Dynasty, "the summer solstice is the intersection time, and the first hour, second hour, and last hour are called the 'three o'clock'. People should be careful about their daily lives, and should not curse or shave their heads. There are many taboos..." ("Qing Jia Lu"). The Summer Solstice is the earliest festival in China. Before the Qing Dynasty, the whole country had a day off on the summer solstice, so people could go home and have a drink with their loved ones. The "Book of Rites" also records the obvious phenomena of the summer solstice solar terms in nature: "The summer solstice arrives, the antlers of the deer are undressed, the cicadas begin to sing, the pinellia is born, and the hibiscus blooms." It means that at this time, the antlers can be cut, the cicadas begin to sing, pinellia, pinellia, Two plants, hibiscus, gradually flourished and bloomed. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the summer solstice is the season when yang energy is at its strongest. Health care should comply with the characteristics of summer when yang energy is strong, pay attention to protecting yang energy, and focus on the word "long". On this day, it is common to eat cold noodles all over Shandong, commonly known as crossing the water, and there is a proverb of "winter solstice dumplings and summer solstice noodles". In Laiyang area, new wheat is recommended on the summer solstice, while in Huang County (today's Longkou City) area, new wheat grains are boiled and eaten. Children use wheat straw to weave a delicate little fence, scoop it into their mouths again and again in the soup, and eat the wheat. Graining is another kind of game, which is very interesting in farm life. In Pingyin area, ancestors are worshiped on the summer solstice. Dog day. The third Geng day after the summer solstice is the first Fu day, the fourth Geng day is the middle Fu day, and the first Geng day after the beginning of autumn is the last Fu day, collectively called Fu day. People lose their appetite during Fu Day and tend to lose weight than usual, which is commonly known as "bitter summer". In some places in Shandong, raw cucumbers and boiled eggs are eaten to cure "bitter summer". In the morning of Fu Day, eggs are eaten and no other food is eaten. There is a custom in Linyi area of ??improving the diet of cattle. During the dog days, wheat kernel soup was cooked for the cows to drink. It is said that the cows became strong after drinking it and could work without sweating. The folk song says: "In spring, ox whip, lick ox man (ox), wheat kernel soup, lick beef rice, lick the cow without sweating, stay up until June and do it again." After entering the spring season, it is the season to plant autumn vegetables, and there is "Toufu radish" There is a saying that “it takes two days to grow vegetables, but three days to grow buckwheat.” On this day, people in Shandong have to improve their diet. People in eastern Jiaodong eat noodles. There is a folk song in Changdao: "The beginning of autumn (dumplings) goes into the noodles." Zhaoyuan eats dumplings, Wudi is used to eating noodles, bean soup and noodle chess pieces, and Zoucheng likes it. Drink ice water, and some people even go to Yishan caves to escape the heat. There is a popular saying in Guangdong that "dogs are nowhere to hide during the summer solstice." There is a local saying that eating dog meat on the summer solstice can dispel evil spirits, replenish the body, and resist plague. "Eat a dog on the summer solstice, and the west wind will take a detour." The general idea is that as long as a person eats dog meat on the summer solstice, his body will be able to resist the invasion of the west wind and rain, and he will have fewer colds and good health. It is based on this good wish that the unique folk food culture of "Summer Solstice Dog Meat" was created. People in Guangdong have always been fond of eating dog meat, especially in the Yangjiang area. According to relevant records, the killing of dogs to replenish the body during the Summer Solstice is said to have originated from the Warring States Period, the year after Qin Degong ascended the throne, when June was extremely hot and plagues were prevalent. According to the saying that "dogs are yang animals and can ward off bad luck", Duke De of Qin ordered his subjects to kill dogs to ward off evil spirits. Later, the custom of killing dogs in the summer solstice was formed. Wonton, the ancients said its shape is "like a chicken egg, rather like the image of chaos in the heaven and earth", and "wonton" is homophonic with "chaos". Pangu opened the sky, and chaos was first divided. Eating wontons can make you wise. "Eating wontons on the summer solstice will keep you from having a bad summer on a hot day." Eating wontons on the summer solstice also contains a good wish to pray for a safe summer. According to historical records, in the Song Dynasty palace, every summer solstice, the imperial chefs would make a kind of summer solstice wontons for the emperor, concubines and concubines to eat. In fact, the court of the Song Dynasty not only ate wontons during the summer solstice, but also during the other 23 solar terms of the year. Therefore, the court of the Song Dynasty had a famous noodle dish called "Twenty-Four Solar Terms Wontons". Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty was especially fond of eating wontons.

Edit this paragraph about farming

After the summer solstice, agricultural production in most areas of southern China has entered a period of field management due to the vigorous growth of crops and the rapid growth and spread of weeds, diseases and insect pests. Plateau pastoral areas Then begins the golden season of grass fertilizer and livestock prosperity.

At this time, the amount of rainfall in western South China increased significantly, which gradually changed the distribution pattern of more rainfall in the east and less in the west in South China to more in the west and less in the east since the beginning of spring. If there is a summer drought, it is generally expected to be lifted at this time. In the past three decades, there have been few large-scale floods in western South China in late June, but their severity has been relatively severe. Therefore, special attention should be paid to flood prevention preparations. The summer solstice is the solar term with the highest rainfall in the whole year in eastern South China. In the future, it is often controlled by the subtropical high pressure and causes drought. In order to enhance drought resistance and achieve a bumper agricultural harvest, storing rainwater before drought is an important measure in these areas. "But the summer solstice is not hot" and "the summer solstice is full of heat." Astronomy stipulates that the summer solstice is the beginning of summer in the northern hemisphere, but the solar radiation heat received by the earth's surface is still more than the heat emitted by the ground's anti-radiation, and the temperature continues to rise, so the summer solstice is not the hottest time of the year. In about twenty or thirty days, it will usually be the hottest weather. After the summer solstice, it enters the dog days. In the north, the temperature is high, the light is sufficient, and the rain increases. Crops grow vigorously, and weeds and pests grow rapidly. Field management needs to be strengthened. Before and after the summer solstice, early rice in the south of the Huaihe River heads and blooms. In terms of field water management, it is necessary to have enough water for heading, moist grain filling, dry and wet, which not only meets the water needs of rice for fruiting, but also allows ventilation and root support, ensuring that it matures to old age and improves grain quality. Heavy. As the saying goes: "Don't wait until noon to plant seeds in summer." Summer sowing work must be completed as soon as possible, and management of those that have been sown must be strengthened to strive for full seedlings. After emergence, the seedlings should be fixed as soon as possible and transplanted to fill the gaps. During the summer solstice, various farmland weeds grow as fast as crops. Not only do they compete with crops for water, fertilizer and sunlight, but they are also hosts to a variety of pathogens and pests. Therefore, a farmer’s proverb says: “If you don’t hoe weeds at the edges during the summer solstice, it’s like raising poisonous snakes.” Bite." Paying close attention to plowing and hoeing is one of the most important measures to increase production during the summer solstice. Cotton has generally budded, and both vegetative and reproductive growth are flourishing. Pay attention to timely plowing, cultivating and cultivating the soil. In areas with heavy rainfall, field clearing and drainage work should be done to prevent waterlogging and storm damage. The summer solstice is the longest day, and farmers are busy on the southern slopes and the northern valleys. The corn will be sown quickly in the summer, and the soybeans will have to wait until the seedlings grow. Careful management of crops in early spring, follow-up watering and frequent hoeing to prevent insects. Summer sown crops are planted with seedlings, and the trees between the rows are loosely planted. When cotton enters the peak bud stage, all conventional measures should be used. Once it is hit by hail, field consultation is needed to find a good cure. Generally, it is not necessary to replant the seeds. Follow-up treatment and repair will quickly loosen the seeds. In sorghum and corn production fields, strict management is required to ensure quality. Miscellaneous plants in the field must be pulled out, and the male parent corn must be de-maled. Start grinding garlic and ground eggs, and strengthen the management of vegetables. When watering fruit trees during a prolonged drought without rain, be sure not to overwater them. Wheat bran and green grass are harvested from the water tank. Animals like to eat it to stay strong. The second crop of alfalfa makes their bellies bloated, so it doesn't hurt to add more hay. Take good care of the lotus root, reed, and gorgon, and feed the fish regularly and quantitatively. Frogs do great work in catching insects, so everyone should protect them from harm.